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Defence Forces (Ireland)

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Óglaigh na hÉireann
Irish Defence Forces
Military manpower
Military age 17 years of age
Availability males age 17-49: 977,092

females age 17-49: 978,465 (2005 est.) [1]

Fit for military service males age 17-49: 814,768

females age 17-49: 813,981 (2005 est.)

active troops 10,500[1]
Military expenditures
Dollar figure $1.3 billion (FY00/07)
Percent of GDP 0.7% (FY00/07)

The Irish Defence Forces encompass the army, navy, air corps and reserve forces of the Republic of Ireland. Their official title in Irish is Óglaigh na hÉireann. The President of Ireland is the formal Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces, but in practice they answer to the Irish Government via the Minister for Defence. Ireland ranks 56th internationally in terms of military expenditures.[citation needed] The Defence Forces consist of the:

Role

The Republic of Ireland's favourable geographical location, on the north-west border of the European Union, makes any external threat or future invasion unlikely. The state has a long-standing policy of non-belligerence in armed conflicts that included neutrality in World War II. For these reasons, the Republic's military capacity is relatively modest. However, the state has a long history of involvement in United Nations peace-keeping operations. Functions of the Defence Forces include:

  • Preparation for the defence of the state against armed attack.
  • Assisting the Garda Síochána (police force), including the protection of the internal security of the state.
  • Peace-keeping, crisis management and humanitarian relief operations in support of the United Nations.
  • Policing the fisheries, in accordance with the state's obligations under European Union agreements.
  • Miscellaneous civil contingency duties requested by the Government such as search and rescue, air ambulance provision, providing secure air transport for ministers, assistance in the event of natural and other disasters, ensuring the maintenance of essential services, and assisting in dealing with oil pollution at sea.
File:Óglaigh na hÉireann.jpg
Irish Defence Forces cap badge

History

The Defence Forces trace their origins to the Irish Volunteers founded in 1913. This organisation was succeeded in 1919 by the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the guerrilla organisation that fought the Anglo-Irish War against the government of the United Kingdom which is more popularly known as the War of Independence. Shortly after the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922, the IRA was officially succeeded by the modern Defence Forces. The Irish title Óglaigh na hÉireann, that had previously been used by both the Irish Volunteers and the IRA, was kept by the Defence Forces. This title is also used by the Provisional IRA and a number of smaller militant groups, for the same reason. Some members of the Irish Government, including Minister for Defence, Willie O'Dea, have objected to this usage [2].

Army

Main article: Irish Army
File:Arw heli1.jpg
Troops from the Ranger wing, the army's special forces unit.

Today approximately 8,500 men and women serve in the Irish Army[4] (13,000 in the army reserve). The country is divided into three areas for administrative and operational reasons, and in each area there is an infantry brigade.

In addition to the Brigades Structure, there is also a Defence Forces Training Centre (DFTC), a Logistic Base in the Curragh and a number of special establishments such as the Equitation School, Army Bands, and the Army Ranger Wing. In the case of Corps which support the Infantry, a Corps Director and staff are provided to coordinate the purchase of specialised equipment, the execution of specialised training, etc.

The three brigade group structure envisages distinct operational areas of responsibility for each of the brigades. One has primary responsibility for operational tasks in the border area, the second for operational tasks in the greater Dublin and Leinster area and the third for operational tasks in Munster and part of the Connacht area. Practical operational considerations dictate the requirement to outline operational areas of responsibility. The brigade group structure is based on strengthened combat and combat support elements and streamlined combat service support elements. Since 1989 the Irish Defence Forces have adopted the Steyr AUG Assault Rifle as the Personnel Standard Weapon, which fires 5.56mm NATO rounds.

Air Corps

Main article: Irish Air Corps
File:Irish ab139a.jpg
Air Corps AgustaWestland AW139.

At present the Irish Air Corps is unable to fulfill the role of an air force in defending Irish airspace. This has been removed from its remit as has SAR (search and rescue) which is carried out by privately flown Department of the Marine Sikorskys. However the Air Corps fulfills many other important roles that the State needs. The Air Corps HQ is at Baldonnel Airdrome. The Air Corps is the smallest of the branches of the Defence Forces with approximately 939 personnel.

The primary roles of the Air Corps are now defined as:

  1. In support of the Army
  2. In support of the Naval Service
  3. In aid to the Civil Power

There are two secondary roles:

  1. Aid to Civil Community
  2. Aid to Government departments

The Air Corps' two maritime patrol aircraft[5] are equipped with state of the art detection systems and assist the Naval Service in policing Irish territorial waters, the Air Corps has been instrumental in many of the successful interceptions at sea. These aircraft are also used for HALO (High-Altitute, Low-Opening) parachuting by the elite Army Ranger Wing.

Main article: Irish Naval Service
Irish Naval Service seamen

The Naval Service has the difficult task of not only policing Irish territorial waters but also the Irish Conservation Box which is an immense area of sea in which fishing is restricted in order to preserve numbers. The Naval Service is tasked with enforcing this EU protected area and thus serves the EU[citation needed] as well as the Republic of Ireland.

There have been a number of interceptions of vessels carrying narcotics to and from Ireland; these have involved co-operation with the Air Corps and Coast Guard. The Naval Service maintains highly trained armed boarding parties that can seize a vessel if necessary. All of the naval vessels are armed with enough fire-power to enforce their policing roles.

Due to Ireland's geographical location the Naval Service does not need to possess large warships or carriers since they would be of little use and Ireland's defence policy is realistic to the security threats posed to The Republic of Ireland. The Naval Service maintains a complement of about 1,144 personnel.

Roles:

  • 1-Fishery Protection
  • 2-Aid to the Civil Power
  • 3-Drug Interdiction
  • 4-Maritime Safety
  • 5-Diving Operations
  • 6-Pollution Control
  • 7-Overseas Mission Support


The Navy has eight offshore patrol vessels:

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Military.ie - FAQ
  2. ^ The Permanent Defence Forces (of Ireland) are the standing branches of the Irish Defence Forces, and are sometimes referred to as the PDF, the P.D.F. and the Permanent Forces.
  3. ^ The Reserve Defence Forces (of Ireland) are sometimes referred to as the RDF, the R.D.F., the Reserve Forces and the Reserves.
  4. ^ Military.ie - Army homepage
  5. ^ The two maritime patrol aircraft are CASA CN-235; see the table at Irish Air Corps#Aircraft for more information.
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