Congress of Verona (1943)
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The term of socialization is a doctrine created by the economic fascism and, in the intentions of its proponents, would have been the "third way" as opposed to the two major economic systems of the twentieth century, capitalism and communism both as regards the economy is on its reflections on the social consequence.
History
This economic theory, which is not found ever implementation also because of the events of the Second World War, which were adverse to his teorization was prepared and provided in the manifest of Verona on Nov. 14, 1943, document that contained the program by the Fascist Republican Party, then as head of the newly formed Italian Social Republic. For this reason, the socialization is considered the typical economic doctrine of fascism while that of the first fascism was purely based on the doctrine corporatist contained in the Charter of Labour.
The basis of socialization is the total absence of employees, or any entity productive belong equally to all its employees, no longer masters nor employees. This unlike capitalism, where production is an entity owned by a person or a society of people also unconnected to production, while production is entrusted to employees. And unlike communism, where the property is replaced "by the state" and is managed by administrators appointment political. Similarly to capitalism, the theory socializationist provides for the right to private property, freedom of economic initiative, respect for the law "demand-offert" and free competition.
The socialization, unlike the Communist collectivization, does not provide the 'implementation of their doctrine seizurement through a revolution, but through a legislative prohibition of wage labour. The hierarchy and division of profits of companies would have been decided by electoral all participants to company, in the style of corporatism.
The full implementation of socialization was scheduled, ironically, on April 25th 1945.
The first act of political CLNAI (italian communist) after the defeat of fascism in northern Italy was the 'repeal of Decree Law on socialization (25 April 1945).
So far the 'single application of the theory of socialization can be found in some Israeli kibbutz.
The Charter of Verona: the regulatory requirements of socialization
The socialization program outlined in the "Charter" was quite hazy and sometimes contradictory. In Verona Manifesto stated that the basis of the Republic of social and economic doctrine of PFR is the work (Article 9); that private property, the product of work and savings would have been guaranteed, it should not have been as disruptive transform into entities Personality exploiting the work of others (Article 10). All that was collective interest, from an economic point of view we should have nationalise (Article 11). The companies would be regulated and initiated collaboration between workers and workers for the distribution of profits and for the setting of wages (Article 12). In agriculture lands uncultivated or poorly managed were expropriated and reallocated for labourers and agricultural cooperatives (Article 13). The National Board for the people's house would have had the objective of providing a home to all property (Article 15). It would be a trade union of workers required, and would have met all categories (Article 16).
Bibliography
- (IT)Il comunista in camicia nera, Nicola Bombacci tra Lenin e Mussolini - Petacco Arrigo - Mondadori - 1997.
- (IT)Il Fascismo immenso e rosso - Giano Accame - Settimo Sigillo - 1990.
- (IT)Fascisti rossi - Paolo Buchignani - Mondadori - 1998.
- (IT)Il fascismo di sinistra. Da Piazza San Sepolcro al Congresso di Verona - L. L. Rimbotti - Settimo Sigillo - 1989.
- (IT)Ciao, rossa Salò. Il crepuscolo libertario e socializzatore di Mussolini ultimo - E. Landolfi - Edizioni dell'Oleandro - 1996.
- (IT)Claudio Schwarzenberg, Il sindacalismo fascista, collana:problemi di storia. Mursia,Milano.1972