Skaergaard intrusion
The Skaergaard intrusion is a layered gabbro complex in East Greenland, located at 68°10′06″N 31°43′01″W / 68.1683°N 31.7169°W. Discovered by Lawrence Wager [1] in 1931 during the British Arctic Air Route Expedition led by Gino Watkins, the intrusion has been important to the development of key concepts in igneous petrology, including magma differentiation [2] [3] and the development of layering. [4] [5] The Skaergaard intrusion formed when tholeiitic magma was emplaced about 55 million years ago, [6] during the initial opening of the North Atlantic Ocean. The body represents essentially a single pulse of magma, which crystallized from the bottom upward and the top downward. The intrusion is characterized by exceptionally well-developed layering defined by variations in the abundance of crystallizing olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase and magnetite. The Skaergaard is perhaps the simplest and smallest of a group of gabbroic complexes of similar age that occur along the central coast of East Greenland, which together with coeval flood basalts are part of the North Atlantic Large igneous province.
References
- ^ Brooks, CK (2005) The Skaergaard intrusion: from icon to precious metal deposit. Geology Today, v. 21, p. 218-221.
- ^ Wager, LR, Deer, WA (1939) Geological investigations in East Greenland Part III. The petrology of the Skaergaard Intrusion, Kangerdlugssuaq. Meddelselser om Grønland, v. 105, 346 pp.
- ^ McBirney, AR (1975) Differentiation of the Skaergaard intrusion. Nature, v. 253, p. 691-694.
- ^ Wager, LR, Brown, GM (1967) Layered Igneous Rocks. WH Freeman, San Francisco, 588 pp.
- ^ McBirney, AR, Noyes, RM (1975) Crystallization and Layering of the Skaergaard Intrusion. Journal of Petrology, v. 20, p. 487-554.
- ^ Brooks, CK, Gleadow, AJW (1977) A fission-track age for the Skaergaard intrusion and the age of the East Greenland basalts. Geology, v. 5, p. 539-540.
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