Carbonária
The Carbonária was an anti-clerical, revolutionary, conspiratorial society established in Portugal in 1822. It was allied with the Italian Carbonari. Its operational units—structured into a hierarchy of barracas, choças and vendas—received military training.
On February 1, 1908 King Carlos I of Portugal and his elder son Luis Filipe were assassinated by Alfredo Costa and Manuel Buiça in a conspiracy between the Carbonária, the Freemasons and the Partido Repúblicano Português (Republican Party). By October 1910 the Carbonária, now integrated with the Freemasons had some 40,000 members and was instrumental in the Portuguese revolution of that year.