Arranged marriage
An arranged marriage is a marriage in which the marital partners are chosen by others based on considerations other than the pre-existing mutual attraction of the partners.
Social origins
Noble families, especially reigning families, long used arranged marriage to consolidate their strengths and to join their kingdoms.
The arranged marriage is also the marriage concluded with the help of a middleman, once frequent in less cultivated social classes. In some countries it is the man who chooses his wife, often paying a bride price to her family.
Arranged marriage was common in many countries until the 19th century, and is still practiced in some lands, but an increasing number of young people today refuse arranged marriage.
Social aspects
As of 2003, arranged marriage is still the most common form of marriage in several countries in South Asia, in particular Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It crosses boundaries of religion, culture and caste, practiced by Hindu, Sikh, Christian, Buddhist, and Muslims alike. It is practiced to a lesser extent in tribal and rural areas in parts of the Middle East. It used to be the norm in urban areas as well, but is vanishing quickly from there. It was also common in South Korea, China, and Japan, but is now rapidly diminishing in these countries.
Some cases are reported of Indian high-tech engineers working in the Silicon Valley (U.S.A.) that take some time off from work for a wedding trip back to their homeland to marry an Indian girl by an arrangement. It is said that these unions would work out well because these engineers have a heavy working time and consequently have no time left for dating and courtship. Arranged marriage could then be an easy way to marry in a short time. On the other hand, it had to be noted that, normally, courtship is not generally intended as a mere sequence of actions caused by the need of marrying or that automatically could produce a marriage as an effect. These cases, therefore, essentially put in evidence that mentalities about marriage and personal choices (and considerations) about certain important decisions, can vary across the cultures and among single men.
Proponents' views
Proponents of arranged marriage claim that arranged marriages are more successful than other marriages. They hold that the spouses in an arranged marriage begin without any expectations from each other, and that as the relationship matures, a greater understanding between the two develops, aided by their often similar socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. In contrast, they claim that persons who enter into a marriage for romantic reasons often begin with unreasonable expectations, with little room for improvement but a great chance of failure.
Economic principle of arranged marriages
Arranged marriages operate on the notion that marriages are primarily an economic union or a means to have children. It sees relationships as defined on the basis of economic dimensions on which social-sexual relationships would be based and defined.
It has also been said that in some cultures where divorce is forbidden or uncommon, arranged marriage would work out nicely because both husband and wife would accept the marriage producing their best efforts to make it a success instead of breaking up at the slightest conflict. Others do object, however, that in an "ordinary" sentimental marriage there would be no reason not to make the same, or even greater efforts, in the aim of a success that could be much more relevant for the couple (in presence of true sentiments of course).
Sociopolitics of arranged marriage
In a large number of arranged marriages, the male is older than the female. This age disparity is usually intentional; some societies consider it proper for an older man to be united with a younger woman. In an arranged marriage the women always seeks a man who is at least equal if not higher to her in socio-economic status. Rarely does an arranged marriage happen where the male is lower to the woman, either in socio-economic status, caste, class or by height.
See also