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EarthBound

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EarthBound
North American box art
Developer(s)Ape
HAL Laboratory
Publisher(s)Nintendo
Director(s)
Producer(s)
Designer(s)Shigesato Itoi (producer, director, scenario writer)
Keiichi Suzuki (composer)
Hirokazu Tanaka (composer)
Composer(s)
SeriesEarthBound
Platform(s)Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy Advance (Japan-only port) Virtual Console
Genre(s)Console role-playing game
Mode(s)Single-player

EarthBound, known in Japan as Mother 2: Gyiyg no Gyakushū (MOTHER2ギーグの逆襲, Mazā Tsū Gīgu no Gyakushū, Mother 2: Gyiyg Strikes Back), is a role-playing video game (RPG) designed by Shigesato Itoi for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The title was developed by Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory as a sequel to the Japan-only title, Mother. EarthBound was published by Nintendo and released in Japan on August 27, 1994, and months later in North America on June 1, 1995. Despite being successful in Japan, the American version was released to a poor commercial response.[1] Years later, the game is now lauded by gamers for its humorous depictions of American culture and parody of the RPG genre,[2] and has since become a cult classic.[3]

Taking place in a modern day world, players assume the role of a young boy named Ness who awakens to discover a meteor has plummeted to the earth near his home. Upon investigating the meteor, Ness encounters an insect named Buzz Buzz who claims to be from the future. Buzz Buzz proceeds to tell Ness that an evil alien, named Giygas, has overtaken the world in the future and that Ness must undertake a journey to prevent this event.

A direct sequel to EarthBound for the Nintendo 64, entitled "EarthBound 64", was in development for many years before finally being cancelled.[4] This project eventually resurfaced as a Game Boy Advance title called Mother 3 and was released only in Japan.[1] In 2006, Mother creator, Shigesato Itoi, declared that there were no plans for any more installments in the Mother series.[5] However, with the release of the Wii, many expect that EarthBound will be re-released on the Virtual Console,[3] while rumors have also been circulating regarding the release of the Mother trilogy for the Nintendo DS.[6] On May 2, 2008, the game was rated by the ESRB for the Wii,[7] indicating a possible Virtual Console release.[8] But, it has been noticed that Nintendo of America refers to EarthBound's sequel, Mother 3, as "EarthBound 3".[9] This opens the possibility of a rename for the entire series, meaning that the ESRB rating could be for Mother 1.

Gameplay

File:EarthBound-battle.PNG
Screenshot of Ness battling a Starman Junior

EarthBound features many traditional RPG elements; the player controls a party of characters who travel through the game's two dimensional world, which is composed of villages, cities, and dungeons. Along the way, battles are fought against enemies, after which, the party receives experience points for victories.[10] If enough experience points are acquired, a character's level will increase. This increases the character's attributes, like strength, defense, and health. EarthBound breaks traditional RPG features by not utilizing an overworld map. Instead, the world is entirely seamless, with no differentiation between towns and the outside world.[11] Another non-traditional element is the perspective used for the world. The game uses oblique projection, while most 2-D RPGs use a "top down" view on a grid or an isometric perspective.[2]

EarthBound does not utilize random encounters. When physical contact occurs between a character and an enemy, the screen switches to battle mode. In combat, characters and enemies possess a certain amount of hit points (HP). Blows to an enemy reduces the amount of HP. Once an enemy's HP reaches zero, they are defeated. In battle, the player is allowed to choose specific actions for their characters. These actions can include attacking, healing, or the use of items. Characters can also use special psionic attacks that require psychic points (PP). Once each character is assigned a command, the characters and enemies perform their actions in a set order, determined by character speed. Whenever a character receives damage, the HP box gradually "rolls" down, similar to an odometer. This allows players an opportunity to heal the character or win the battle before the counter hits zero, after which the character is knocked unconscious. If all characters are rendered unconscious, the game ends. Because battles are not random, tactical advantages can be gained. If the player physically contacts an enemy from behind, the player is given a first-strike priority. However, this also applies to enemies, who can also engage the party from behind. Additionally, as Ness and his friends become stronger, battles with weaker enemies are eventually won automatically, forgoing the battle sequence.[10]

Currency is indirectly received from Ness' father, who can also save the game's progress. Each time the party wins a battle, Ness' father deposits money in an account that can be withdrawn at ATM machines. In towns, players can visit various stores where weapons, armor, and items can be bought. Weapons and armor can be equipped to increase character strength and defense, respectively. In addition, items can be used for a number of purposes, such as healing. Towns also house several other useful facilities such as hospitals where players can be healed for a fee.[12]

Plot summary

Characters

See also: List of EarthBound characters

EarthBound takes place on Earth in the year 199X.[13] Throughout the game, four characters, known as the chosen ones, come to compose the party in the game; Ness, Paula, Jeff, and Poo. Ness remains the lead character, a silent protagonist, for the entirety of the story. He is a young boy from Onett and is characterized by his love for baseball. He also possesses psychic abilities strong enough to affect cosmic events. Paula is the second main character in the game. She is a young girl from Twoson where her mother runs a preschool out of their home. Like Ness, she also possesses powerful psychic abilities. Jeff, the third character to join the party, is a young boy who resides at a boarding school in the northern country of Winters. The son of the famed professor Dr. Andonuts, Jeff is a child prodigy who can fix almost anything. The last character to be acquired is Poo. He is the oldest of the group, a residing prince from the distant land of Dalaam. He is presented as a powerful martial arts master.[14]

Giygas returns from Mother 1 as the game's main antagonist. He uses his powerful influence over people and his army consisting of a bizarre variety of aliens, robots, and animals to prevent Ness from uniting his powers at the eight sanctuaries. His goal is to conquer the earth and, ultimately, destroy the universe. Pokey, Ness' fat neighbor, helps carry out Giygas' will and oversees his plans. On the other hand, the family members of the chosen four try to help their loved ones as much as they can. They offer the chosen four a variety of services, from cooking steak, or sneaking out of school, to building time machines, and teaching them powerful psychic techniques.

Story

File:Mother 2 Crash Site.jpg
Buzz Buzz appears moments after a bright light engulfs the meteor.

The story begins when Ness is awakened by a meteor that has plummeted to the earth near his home, whereupon he proceeds to investigate the crash site along with his annoying next door neighbor, Pokey, who later on asks if Ness could help find his little brother, Picky.[13] After arriving, Ness encounters an insect named Buzz Buzz, who informs Ness that he is from the future where a hostile alien, Giygas, dominates the planet.[15] Buzz Buzz instructs Ness to embark on a journey to defeat Giygas in the present, because he is too powerful in the future. Ness then proceeds to seek out eight "sanctuaries," to unite his own powers with the Earth's and gain the strength required to confront Giygas.[16] On the way back to their house, they get stopped by a Starman Junior; however Buzz Buzz uses a psychic shield to stop the Starman Junior's PSI Fire β.

Despite this, Pokey and Picky get into big trouble when their dad returns home: he seizes them, takes them up to their room, and slugs them. He says to Ness that his family has loaned a lot of money to Ness' family and that they're sick and tired of his dad not paying them back. Buzz Buzz gets killed by Pokey's mother, as she mistakes him for a dung beetle.

After an encounter with some hostile gang members, Ness reaches the first sanctuary on a mountain above his hometown.[17] He then proceeds to the next town, Twoson, where he rescues a girl named Paula from a cult and discovers that his neighbor, Pokey, has become evil.[18] Together, Ness and Paula discover the second sanctuary.[19] With the help of the Runaway Five, a band that Ness and Paula free from debt, the two arrive in Threed, where they are captured. While in captivity, Paula sends a telepathic message to a boy named Jeff, who resides at a boarding school.[20] Jeff responds to the message and acquires his father's Sky Runner, a flying vehicle, in order to reach Threed. After crashing the Sky Runner, Jeff rescues Ness and Paula and joins their group.[21] The three of them travel to Saturn Valley, a land populated by a strange race of creatures called Mr. Saturns. There, the party learns that a monster has been kidnapping the populace. Ness and the group proceed to defeat the monster and reach the third sanctuary above Saturn Valley.[22] The party then travels through the desert to reach the next city.

File:Mother 2 Summers.jpg
Screenshot depicting Ness, Paula, Jeff, and Poo as they travel through Summers.

Upon reaching Fourside, the group again helps the Runaway Five out of debt and visit a department store only to have Paula kidnapped.[23] Ness and Jeff proceed to find her, and along the way, destroy an evil relic called the Mani Mani statue. The two boys continue their search only to discover that Pokey and the Mayor have kidnapped Paula. However, because Ness and Jeff defeated the Mani Mani statue, the mayor returns to normal.[24] Pokey escapes in the Mayor's helicopter and Paula rejoins the group. After returning to Threed, Jeff repairs the Sky Runner, and they set flight for Winters to discover the fourth sanctuary.[25] The group then cross the ocean and arrive in Summers where Ness falls unconscious and dreams of a far-off land known as Dalaam. There, a young prince named Poo has completed his training and is instructed to join the party on their journey.[26] The group then returns to Fourside and are able to discover the fifth sanctuary.[27]

The four then procure a boat and travel to Scaraba where they find a pyramid in the desert. Inside, they discover the secret to defeating Giygas. Ness and the group travel to Dalaam and find the sixth sanctuary there,[28] after which they acquire a submarine and travel into the Deep Darkness, a path leading them under the earth. There, they find Tenda Village, a small community populated by extremely shy people. After acquiring The Book of Overcoming Shyness, Ness is able to speak to the shy villagers who allow them passage to the Lost Underworld.[29] There, they discover the last two sanctuaries.[30][31]

Upon activating the final sanctuary, Ness is teleported to a world composed of his dreams, Magicant. There, he encounters the Mani Mani Statue again. After defeating it, Magicant is destroyed, and Ness becomes much stronger because he has conquered his nightmares. After awakening, Ness and the group return to Saturn Valley where Jeff's father, Dr Andonuts, has finished the Phase Distorter, a time traveling device.[32] The Phase Distorter sends Ness, Paula, Jeff and Poo back into the past where they find Pokey and Giygas. Pokey informs the group that Giygas has become so powerful that his mind is completely destroyed.[33] The group defeat Pokey, after which they attack Giygas. Paula begins to pray, and with the combined prayers of Earth's peoples, Giygas is defeated.[34] Pokey escaped, through time traveling. Ness and his friends journey back to the present and return home.

After the credits, Ness, in the middle of the night, receives a message delivered by Picky from Pokey, daring him to look for him now, strongly implying that his escape was a success. It was never truly revealed what happened to Pokey until Mother 3 came out, eleven years later.

Development

File:Mother 2 Concept Art.jpg
Concept art depicting Ness and his dog, King, standing in front of their home.

Development on EarthBound took place as a joint effort between Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. and was designed by Shigesato Itoi. The total development time for the project was five years, much longer than was initially expected. Of this, Itoi has stated that many times he felt the project was "doomed."[11] Because two companies were working on EarthBound, responsibilities were spread out between the two studios. Ape had more people working on the title and oversaw the data aspects of the game while HAL worked on the programming. Because the two studios were based at separate locations, employees would regularly have to travel between the studios to work.[35]

Initial gameplay features that Itoi had in mind involved an unconventional level structure and hit points system (HP). Itoi decided to exclude an overworld, because he wanted no distinction to remain between towns and the outside world. This resulted in each town being carefully designed to be unique. The first design concepts for the HP boxes were to make them like pachinko balls and have them fall off the screen whenever a character was damaged. However, this was later changed to the "rolling counter" HP boxes because the pachinko balls did not work so well when characters had large amounts of HP.[11]

Some of the difficulties posed by the development of EarthBound were the data restrictions imposed by the SNES cartridge size. It was initially designed to fit on an 8 megabit cartridge. However, it was later pushed to 12 megabits and then finally pushed onto a 24 megabit cartridge. This can partially be attributed to the large amount of music composed for the title. Other aspects of the project that remained difficult were programming concepts. The oblique projection techniques proved difficult to program and were time consuming as well.[11] The bicycle and delivery man systems posed problems as well due to their own complex programming schemes.[35]

Some aspects of the character designs remain very personal for Shigesato Itoi. In an interview on his website, Itoi describes how his inspiration for the final battle with Giygas resulted from a traumatic childhood event. When Itoi was a young boy, he accidentally viewed the wrong movie at a theater, a Shintōhō film entitled The Military Policeman and the Dismembered Beauty. According to Itoi the film featured a graphic rape scene near a river that traumatized Itoi so much that his parents began to worry about his wellbeing. Years later, Itoi integrated the experience into Giygas' dialogue for the final battle.[36]

Nintendo eventually announced a release date of August 27, 1994 for Japan,[37] and invested a large amount of money into promoting the new game.[1] One of the marketing campaigns involved Japanese celebrity Takuya Kimura of SMAP, who was heavily featured in Weekly Famitsu promotional ads.[38] Other efforts included bundling a full length strategy guide with the game, complete in a bigger box, and affixing a price much lower than other titles at the time.[2] Scratch and sniff stickers also came bundled with the game.[39] EarthBound was released in Japan on August 27, 1994, and was well received. The North American version was released months later on June 1, 1995, and was met with lukewarm responses.[1]

A sequel was announced three years later for the Nintendo 64DD, entitled EarthBound 64 or Mother 3. However, the game became plagued by problems as release date pushbacks occurred,[40] as well as failures to appear at popular gaming conventions, like E3.[41] Nintendo eventually announced its cancellation on August 21, 2000.[4] Years later, Mother 3 resurfaced as a Game Boy Advance title and was released only in Japan.[1] On May 5, 2005, Shigesato Itoi announced that he had no plans to develop the Mother series any further.[5] After the development of the Wii system, it is expected that EarthBound will be released for the Virtual Console.[3] Rumors have also been circulating regarding the release of the entire Mother trilogy for the Nintendo DS.[6]

Critical reception

EarthBound became a great success in Japan,[2] eventually rising to #1 on Weekly Famitsu's top 30 chart along with hearty recommendations by the magazine reviewers.[47] Commercial reactions in America, on the other hand, were much lower than Nintendo had anticipated. American audiences were largely indifferent to Japanese RPGs, and would remain this way until titles like Final Fantasy VII took the genre into the mainstream.[2] Years later, many American critics have praised the game for being ahead of its time,[2] as well as for its storyline, graphics, and particularly, its humor.[42] In the June 2008 issue of Nintendo Power, EarthBound was revealed to be the #1 "Readers' Most Wanted" Virtual Console title, with Mother close behind at #4.[48] Then in the July 2008 issue of Nintendo Power, EarthBound was yet again the #1 "Readers' Most Wanted" Virtual Console title, with the original Mother now placed in second.

Reviews

Reviews of EarthBound have generally been positive. In Allgame's review, EarthBound was declared "one of the most original role-playing games of the 1990s."[43] The site then went on to praise it's storyline, humor, music, and characters. A point of contention between critics were the simplistic graphics. In All RPG's review of the game, the graphics were described as "horrid,"[43] while Nintendojo and 1UP enjoyed them, with 1UP going so far as to say "regardless of what anyone tells you, the graphics are awesome." 1UP also criticized the title's similarities to Dragon Quest, but in the end declared EarthBound a game "worth experiencing."[2] Nintendojo and Gamasutra also criticized the similarities to Dragon Quest, with Gamasutra declaring EarthBound an "unabashed Dragon Quest clone..."[13][49] Despite the criticism, Gamasutra regarded the title as "as one of the greatest RPGs on the SNES." The game's audio was also praised, with All RPG declaring it "some of the best music on the Super Nintendo." Of all EarthBound's elements, however, the most lauded was its humor, being universally praised by all critics for its comedic, albeit confusing, depictions of American culture and parody of the RPG genre.[2][42][43][45][13][49]

Legacy

File:SSBB Ness.jpg
Ness, as he appears in Super Smash Bros. Brawl.

EarthBound is regarded by critics as one of the greatest RPGs on the SNES,[49] as well as one of the best of the 1990s.[43] The game has also become a cult classic and possesses substantial fanbases in both Japan and America.[3] As a result, the game regularly appears on readers' choice polls in both countries. In a 2005 readers' choice poll of the top 99 best games of all time conducted by IGN, EarthBound was voted 46th on the list.[50] A year later, IGN conducted a similar readers' choice poll where EarthBound moved up to be 33rd on the list.[51] The game has also appeared on lists conducted by the Japanese. In a 2006 readers' poll conducted by Famitsu magazine, the game was voted the 37th best game of all time on a list of 100 titles.[52] In an introspective of the 20 essential Japanese RPGs, Gamasutra featured EarthBound on the list.[49]

EarthBound has also been featured in all of the titles of the blockbuster Super Smash Bros. series. Since the first title in the series, Ness has consistently appeared as a playable character. In the first Super Smash Bros., Ness is hidden as a secret character. In Super Smash Bros. Melee, Ness is already available as part of the roster,[53] and in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, he again appears as a secret character.[54] Onett and Fourside appear as battle arenas in the Melee, while only Onett appears in Brawl. New Pork City, from Mother 3,appears in Brawl as well.[55][56] In addition to Ness, trophies for many other characters, such as Paula, Jeff, and Poo, can be collected in the two latter games.[57] Jeff is also featured as an Assist Trophy in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, using his Multi-Bottle Rockets to home in on oppenents.[58]

EarthBound's soundtrack has also been completely remixed by fans and released as a free downloadable tribute album entitled Bound Together. The album encompasses 48 tracks and includes performances from well known video game cover bands, such as the OneUps, as well as various artists from remixing communities like OverClocked ReMix.[59]

Soundtrack

Untitled

Mother 2: Gyiyg Strikes Back (マザー2 ギーグの逆襲) is the soundtrack for EarthBound. The album was composed by Hiroshi Kanazu, Keiichi Suzuki, and Hirokazu Tanaka, and was released by Sony Records in Japan on November 2, 1994.[60]

Development of the music for EarthBound remained much easier than its predecessor. In an interview with Weekly Famitsu, Keiichi Suzuki commented on how the SNES gave the composers much more freedom to compose what they wanted. Suzuki also cited John Lennon as an influential figure to all the composers while the soundtrack was being developed.[61]

Track listing
Number Track Duration
1 Prologue 1:05
2 Onett 1:20
3 Twoson 1:22
4 Saturn Valley 0:50
5 Winters 3:47
6 Threek 1:34
7 Doko Doko Desert 0:54
8 Fourside 1:48
9 Moonside 0:58
10 Ramma 1:58
11 Summers 1:03
12 Scarabi 3:05
13 Dungeon Man 1:15
14 Cursed Jungles 1:39
15 Gumi Village 0:59
16 The Underworld 1:36
17 Magicant 4:44
18 The Great Underworld 1:32
19 Final Battle 4:07
20 Love and Peace 2:08
21 Ending (Smiles & Tears) 9:33
22 Room Number (PSI REMIX) 4:01
23 Hula Hoop (PSI REMIX) 3:36
24 Another 2 (PSI REMIX) 5:14

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Cowan, Danny (2007-02-07). "Vapor Trail: Games that never were". 1UP. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Parish, Jeremy (2006-04-13). "Retronauts 5: Earthbound". 1UP. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d Thomas, Lucas M. (2006-08-17). "Retro Remix: Round 25". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b IGN staff (2000-08-21). "Earthbound 64 Cancelled". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ a b Klepek, Patrick (2006-05-03). "Earthbound Series Dead". 1UP. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ a b Miller, Ross (2006-07-14). "Rumor: Mother compilation coming to US?". Joystiq. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ ESRB (2008-02-05). "EarthBound rated by ESRB". ESRB. Retrieved 2008-02-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Wighting, Mark (2008-05-02). "Earthbound Confirmed for Virtual Console". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2008-05-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Nintendo (2007-01-25). "Nintendo 3Q English Financial Report" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-06-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ a b Nintendo of America, ed. (1995). EarthBound Player's Guide. Nintendo of America, Inc. pp. 10, 11.
  11. ^ a b c d "Interview with Shigesato Itoi". Weekly Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain, Inc.: 21–24. 1994-09-02. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Nintendo of America, ed. (1995). EarthBound Player's Guide. Nintendo of America, Inc. p. 12.
  13. ^ a b c d e Gomer, Jeremy. "Earthbound Review". Nintendojo. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  14. ^ Nintendo of America, ed. (1995). EarthBound Player's Guide. Nintendo of America, Inc. pp. 6, 7.
  15. ^ Buzz Buzz: A bee I am not... I'm from 10 years in the future. And, in the future, all is devastation... Giygas, the universal cosmic destroyer, send all to the horror of eternal darkness... Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Buzz Buzz: To defeat Giygas, your own power must unite with the Earth's... the Earth will then channel your power and multiply it... There are eight points that you must visit. Make these places your own... Each of these locations is "Your Sanctuary." Ape, Inc and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Giant Step: Ness caught a glimpse of a small, cute puppy. Ness' Sound Stone recorded the melody of Giant Step. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Pokey: What a horrible nightmare. I somehow woke up. Ness, let's be friends again. Please answer me. I promise to be good. ...uh ...okay? Hah! I lied! See you, sucker! / Paula: Thank you, Ness! You're just like I imagined you would be... I'm sure that some people in Twoson are worried about me... Getting back there may be dangerous, but we can do it if we combine our strength. I'm able to use a little psychic power that is actually pretty deadly... Let's head back to Twoson! Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Lilliput Steps: Ness briefly had a vision of a baby in a red cap. Ness' Sound Stone recorded the melody of Lilliput Steps. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Paula: I'm calling out to you who I've never met... I'm calling our friend who we've never met.. Jeff! Jeff! We need your help! I am Paula and I am with another friend, Ness... We are trying to contact you... Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Jeff: Man, oh, man, did that ever scare me!... The Sky Runner... I guess it took a little damage while landing... Oh well... You don't have to explain a thing... I'm Jeff. I came because you called me. I'm not really strong, really near-sighted, kind of shy, and I tend to be a little reckless. This is just the way I am... I hope you want me to be your friend... okay? Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Milky Well: Ness thought he heard his mother from far away... she said "Be a thoughtful, strong boy..." Ness' Sound Stone recorded the melody of the Milky Well. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Store Loudspeaker: Ness, Customer Ness, please hurry to Paula... Gwaaaaaaargh! Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratories, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Mayor Monotoli: Look at my skinny arms, thin body, and gray hair... I've become so weak since I lost the Mani Mani Statue. I'm sorry I kidnapped Paula. I haven't done anything to her. Paula is a nice girl. Paula. Return to Ness. I'm sorry I've created so much trouble for you. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratories, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Rainy Circle: Ness caught a whiff of (favorite food), but just for a second. Ness' Sound Stone recorded the melody of the Rainy Circle. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Poo: My name is Poo. I am the one who will fight beside you. I am the servant of Ness. I will obey Ness. Ness! My life is in your hands. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Magnet Hill: Ness saw a baby's bottle, but just for an instant. Ness' Sound Stone recorded the melody of Magnet Hill. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Pink Cloud: Ness has a short vision of seeing his mother when she was young. Ness' Sound Stone recorded the melody of the Pink Cloud. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ Tenda Chief: .....! Book! Can fix shyness. Thanks. Relax. I'll read to everyone. Oh! Just holding this book in my hands makes me feel like I'm overcoming my shyness already! I'll really take the time to read it to everyone! Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ Lumine Hall: Ness saw a vision of his father holding him.' Ness' Sound Stone recorded the melody of Lumine Hall. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ Fire Spring: Ness had the feeling that he was being watched by himself as a baby. Ness' Sound Stone recorded the melody of the Fire Spring. Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Paula: What happened, Ness? You've been unconscious for a long time... / Jeff: You kept saying something... / Poo: ...Saturn Valley? What's waiting for us there? Anyway, we need to teleport... Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ Pokey: 'So, isn't this terrifying? I'm terrified, too. Giygas cannot think rationally any more, and he isn't even aware of what he is doing now. His own mind was destroyed by his incredible power. What an all-mighty idiot! Yep, that's what he is! Heh heh heh heh... Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. ^ Paula: Someone... can you hear me?! Please, give us strength! Ape, Inc. and HAL Laboratory, Inc. (1994-06-01). EarthBound ( SNES). Nintendo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ a b "Interview with Kouji Malta and Satoru Iwata". Weekly Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain, Inc.: 72, 73. 1994-09-09. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ "Interview with Shigesato Itoi" (in Japanese). 1101.com, Sigesato Itoi's website. 2003-04-24. Retrieved 2008-04-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |publisher= (help)
  37. ^ "EarthBound Release Date Announced". Weekly Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain, Inc.: 170. 1994-07-15. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ List of Weekly Famitsu issues featuring Takuya Kimura EarthBound ads: July 24, 1994; August 5, 1994; August 12, 1994; August 19, 1994; September 2, 1994; September 9, 1994; September 16, 1994
  39. ^ IGN Staff. "IGN EarthBound Profile". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  40. ^ IGN Staff (2000-03-22). "Mother 3 Pushed Back". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ IGN Staff (2000-04-18). "Not Bound for E3". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ a b c House, Michael L. "allgame: EarthBound review". Allgame. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  43. ^ a b c d e Gravy Train. "All RPG: EarthBound review". All RPG. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  44. ^ "New Games Cross Review". Weekly Famitsu. Enterbrain, Inc. 1994-09-23. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ a b Hancock, Robert (2001-08-03). "Earthbound (SNES) Review". Gamer's Mark. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ "Game Rankings: EarthBound". Game Rankings. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
  47. ^ "Weekly Top 30 Chart". Weekly Famitsu. Enterbrain, Inc.: 14. 1994-09-23. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ Nintendo Power June, 2008. Future US. 2008. p. 25.
  49. ^ a b c d Kalata, Kurt (2008-03-19). "A Japanese RPG Primer: The Essential 20". Gamasutra. Retrieved 2008-03-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ IGN Staff (2005). "IGN and KFC Snacker Present Readers' Top 99 Games". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  51. ^ IGN Staff (2006). "IGN Readers' Choice 2006—The Top 100 Games Ever". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  52. ^ Campbell, Colin (2006-03-03). "Japan Votes on All Time Top 100". Next Generation Magazine. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  53. ^ IGN Staff. "Super Smash Bros. Melee Character Profile: Ness". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  54. ^ IGN Staff (2008-04-01). "Super Smash Bros. Brawl Character Profile: Ness". IGN. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ IGN Staff. "Super Smash Bros. Melee Stages". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  56. ^ IGN Staff. "Super Smash Bros. Brawl Stages". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  57. ^ IGN Staff. "Super Smash Bros. Melee Trophies". IGN. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  58. ^ Sakurai, Masahiro. "Assist Trophies". Smash Bros. Dojo!!. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
  59. ^ "Bound Together—An EarthBound Remix Project". Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  60. ^ "Mother 2 Gyiyg Strikes Back". VGMdb. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  61. ^ "Interview with Keiichi Suzuki". Weekly Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain, Inc.: 12. 1994-10-28. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
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