Ethnic groups in Central America
Central America is a region formed by 6 Latin American countries and one Anglo American nation (Belize). This isthmus unites North America with South America and it comprises the following countries, from north to south:
Central America has an absolute population of 40,505,743 in 2007 in an area of 523,780 km², with a 77.3 density of hab/km² although its population is not distributed equally. For example, Belize is larger than El Salvador in area by 1,924 km², but El Salvador has 30 times the population of Belize. As with Panama and Costa Rica, Costa Rica has more population than Panama, but Panama has more surface than Costa Rica. The following table shows the population and surface of each country with its respective density:
| COUNTRY | Surface | Population[1] | Density |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guatemala | 108,890 | 12,728,111 | 116.8 |
| Belize | 22,966 | 294,385 | 12.8 |
| Honduras | 112,090 | 7,483,763 | 66.7 |
| El Salvador | 21,040 | 6,948,073 | 330.2 |
| Nicaragua | 129,494 | 5,675,356 | 43.8 |
| Costa Rica | 51,100 | 4,133,884 | 70.8 |
| Panama | 78,200 | 3,242,173 | 41.4 |
| Total | 523,780 | 40,505,743 | 77.3 |
The White Population
The white ethnic group, or White Latin Americans, have an approximate population of 5,380,885 inhabitants of which more than half are located in Costa Rica, followed by Nicaragua with almost 1 million. El Salvador and Guatemala also have a significant white population.
| COUNTRY | %local | Population[1] | % Regional |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guatemala | 9.0 | 1,400,000 | |
| Belize | 7.8 | 22,962 | |
| Honduras | 1.0 | 74,837 | |
| El Salvador | 9.0 | 625,326 | |
| Nicaragua | 17.0 | 964,810 | |
| Costa Rica | 80.0 | 3,307,107 | |
| Panama | 10.0 | 324,217 |
The Mestizo Population
The mestizo population (mixed Amerindian and white) is formed by 27,456,772 inhabitants, occupying the majority of the Central American population. All seven republics have significant Mestizo populations. The majority of which are located in El Salvador and Honduras.
| COUNTRY | %local | Population[1] | % Regional |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guatemala | 50.4 | 7,560,497 | |
| Belize | 48.7 | 143,365 | |
| Honduras | 90.0 | 6,735,386 | |
| El Salvador | 90.0 | 6,253,265 | |
| Nicaragua | 69.0 | 3,915,995 | |
| Costa Rica | 14.0 | 578,743 | |
| Panama | 69.0 | 2,269,521 |
The Black population
The Creole, Afro-Caribbean, and Garifuna populations form the majority of the Afro-Latin Americans in Central America, of which the majority is concentrated on the Caribbean coasts of the region. It is important to note that all these groups are distinct, speaking English, English creoles, Garifuna, Miskito, and Spanish. The highest percentage is 31% in Belize, where Kriols and Garifuna were once the majority. The largest population, however, is in Nicaragua of Creole, Afro-Caribbean, and to a lesser degree of Miskito and Garifuna descent, of which the majority is concentrated on the Caribbean coast in the area often referred to as the Mosquito Coast. In Panama people of African descent were already present when the construction of an inter-oceanic channel saw the large arrival of immigrant afro-Caribbeans. Honduras has a small population of creole people, but the overwhelming majority of blacks are Garifuna. Although El Salvador is the only Central American country with no official black percentage, Salvadorans with some African heritage are present.[2]
The Raizal ethnic group in the San Andrés y Providencia Department, an archipelago under Colombian sovereignty but geographically close to Nicaragua's shores, is another Afro-Caribbean group in Central America, speaking the San Andrés-Providencia Creole. In 2005, they constituted 57% of the 60,000 inhabitants of the islands, according to official statistics [3].
| COUNTRY | %local | Population[1] | % Regional |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guatemala | 2.0 | 254,562 | |
| Belize | 31.0 | 91,259[4] | |
| Honduras | 2.0 | 199,795 | |
| El Salvador | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Nicaragua | 9.0 | 510,782 | |
| Costa Rica | 3.0 | 124,016 | |
| Panama | 11.0 | 356,639 |
The Amerindian Population
The only plurality of Indigenous people located in Central America is in Guatemala. Amerindians are small minorities in the rest of Central America.
| COUNTRY | %local | Population[1] | % Regional |
|---|---|---|---|
| Guatemala | 40.5 | 5,154,884 | |
| Belize | 10.6 | 31,204 | |
| Honduras | 7.0 | 523,863 | |
| El Salvador | 1.0 | 69,480 | |
| Nicaragua | 5.0 | 283,767 | |
| Costa Rica | 1.0 | 41,338 | |
| Panama | 9.0 | 194,530 |
References
- ^ a b c d e "Cia World Factbook 2007". Retrieved 2007-06-26.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Montgomery, Tommie Sue (1995). Revolution in El Salvador: from civil strife to civil peace. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-0071-1.
- ^ Fernando Urrea Giraldo (2007-10-12). "La visibilidad estadística de la población negra o afrodescendiente en Colombia, 1993-2005: entre lo étnico y lo racial" (PDF) (in Spanish). 12º Congreso de Antropología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
- ^ 31% is the combined from the Creoles and Garifuna in Belize.
- "Central America". The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2001-6. New York: Columbia University Press.
- "Central America". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- "Central America". MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006.
- American Heritage Dictionaries, Central America.
- WordNet Princeton University: Central America
- "Central America". The Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online. 2006. New York: Columbia University Press.