Military Police Corps (United States)
- For other uses, see Military Police Corps.
The Military Police Corps is the uniformed law enforcement branch of the United States Army. Investigations are conducted by the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIDC).
MPs are service members of the U.S. Army.
Some U.S. MP units, usually at the division or brigade level, are designated as combat, division MPs whose combat zone responsibilities include protection of vehicle routes, defile control, route reconnaissance and straggler control, the guidance or detention of soldiers who have become lost, separated from their units, or have fled the battlefield.
Mission
The Army's Military Police provide an important function in the full spectrum of Army operations. The Army's Military Police can be utilized in direct combat and during peacetime. The Military Police have five main functions:
1. Maneuver and mobility support operations
2. Area security operations
3. Law and order operations
4. Internment and resettlement operations
5. Police intelligence operations
These five functions of the Army's Military Police all provide a commander with the necessary information and support for the successful completion of many Army missions.
The Military Police Corps has four career paths within the Army: 31A Military Police Officer; 31B Military Police; 31D Criminal Investigations Special Agent and 31E Internment/Resettlement Specialist.
History
The Military Police Corps is one of the youngest branches of the United States Army. It was officially established on 26 September 1941.
However, American soldiers have been performing police duties from Revolutionary War times, when these duties were assigned mainly to a mounted police force called the “Troops of the Marechaussee.” Soldiers of the Veteran’s Reserve Corps and Provost Corps performed military police duties during the US Civil War. The complexity of warfare during World War I required a Corps of specially trained soldiers to handle massive numbers of prisoners of war and control the movement of troops and supplies in the zones of operation.
During World War II, Military Police soldiers moved traffic along the Burma Road, supported amphibious operations on Normandy beachheads and managed enemy prisoners of war from Italy to the South Pacific. The Corps was heralded for gallantry at Remagen, as a fighting force in numerous combat actions and as peacekeepers at war’s end. In 1944, the Army again saw the need for a unit to investigate crime involving Soldiers in Europe. The United States Army Criminal Investigation Division was established as a branch of the Provost Marshal General’s Office and has continued investigative activity since.
During the Korean conflict, Military Police kept supply routes open. Subsequently, Military Police monitored the exchange of prisoners and patrolled the demilitarized zone. Military Police, adapting to a different style of warfare in Vietnam, earned status as a combat support arm, partially as a result of combat success during the Tet Offensive.
Since Vietnam, the versatility of the Military Police Corps has made it a "Force of Choice" for use in low-intensity conflicts and Operations Other than War such as Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada and Operation Just Cause in Panama.
During Operations Desert Shield and Storm, the Military Police provided area security, conducted battlefield circulation control, and exercised custody over thousands of Iraqi prisoners. Since 1991, the Military Police have assisted in restoring hope to Somalia and upholding democracy in Haiti and Bosnia. Military Police maintained order in war-torn Kosovo, as well as keeping the peace in Afghanistan. During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, MPs were used extensively to maintain control over the large numbers of detainees being held by coalition forces, as well as helping to conduct raids and regular patrols.
In the United States, MPs often provided disaster relief and internal security, while still fulfilling their fundamental function of maintaining discipline and security within the Army. The Military Police Corps has been a very busy organization during the years of its existence, and as one of the most deployed branches of the Army, it appears that it will remain so for the foreseeable future.
Weapons
The standard weapons of the United States military police are the M9 9 mm pistol, the M4 Carbine, the M203 grenade launcher, and the 12 gauge shotgun.
Crew-served or vehicle based weapons include the M2 Browning .50 BMG Machine gun, the Mk 19 40 mm Grenade Launcher, the M240B Machine Gun, and M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW).
Uniforms
In the U.S. Army, a simple patch with the legend "MP" worn on the left arm distinguishes a military police soldier wearing the new Army Combat Uniform (ACU). This patch is attached to the uniform by Velcro. For garrison law enforcement duty, the patch is reflective; for tactical field work it is plain cloth in subdued tones.
US military police used to be distinguished by a brassard worn on the left arm when on duty in previous uniform versions such as the Battle Dress Uniform. The brassard was black with white lettering for garrison law enforcement duty and could include extra designations such as "Customs MP" or "K-9 MP" (for dog handlers). Tactical brassards were green with black lettering for temperate climates and sand with light brown lettering for desert duty.
When wearing a Class A (suit) or B uniform they are authorized wear of combat boots instead of regulation low-cut shoes. However, like Airborne soldiers who may only wear the boots while on jump status, MP's may only wear these boots with Class A or B uniforms when performing law enforcement duties.
During World War II, the emblems used were a wide white band around the helmet or a white helmet liner or a white peaked cap, a white webbing Sam Browne belt, white gloves, and white gaiters, atop the standard olive drab uniform. From this clothing, the nickname they were given by the British civilians at the time was "snowdrops." An MP armband was also worn on the left arm, usually black with white letters.
Military Police Investigations
The Military Police Investigations (MPI) office is usually responsible for the investigation of minor crimes, such as crimes against property under $1,000.00 and crimes against persons except murder and rape committed on a military installation, but they may investigate other crimes in certain circumstances. MPI personnel are enlisted MP's who go through a special course at the Military Police School in Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. The Military Police Investigations office also assists the United States Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID) in investigating felonies committed by soldiers, cadets and civilians.
Military Police units
- United States Army Criminal Investigation Command
- 220th Military Police Company
- 40th Military Police Detachment
| Unit | SSI | Subordinate to | Component |
|---|---|---|---|
8th Military Police Brigade
|
|
8th United States Army | Regular Army |
11th Military Police Brigade
|
|
99th Regional Readiness Command | Reserve |
14th Military Police Brigade
|
|
Military Police School Fort Leonard Wood |
Regular Army |
| 15th Military Police Brigade | 
|
Germany | inactive since 1976 |
16th Military Police Brigade (Airborne)
|
|
XVIII Airborne Corps Fort Bragg |
Regular Army |
18th Military Police Brigade
|
|
V Corps | Regular Army |
42nd Military Police Brigade
|
|
I Corps | Regular Army |
43rd Military Police Brigade
|
|
Rhode Island Army National Guard | |
49th Military Police Brigade
|
|
California Army National Guard | |
89th Military Police Brigade
|
|
III Corps | Regular Army |
177th Military Police Brigade
|
|
Michigan Army National Guard | |
| 220th Military Police Brigade | .png)
|
Active Component / Reserve Component | |
| 221st Military Police Brigade | 
|
inactive? | |
260th Military Police Brigade
|
|
District of Columbia National Guard | |
| 290th Military Police Brigade | 
|
inactive? | |
300th Military Police Brigade
|
|
88th Regional Readiness Command | Reserve |
800th Military Police Brigade (EPW)
|
|
77th Regional Readiness Command | Reserve |
Military Police Brigade Hawaii (USAMPB-HI)
|
|
U.S. Army Hawaii | Regular Army |
Other Military Police
The U.S Navy and U.S. Coast Guard use the term Shore Patrol and Master at arms, while the U.S. Air Force uses the term Security Forces, or SFs to describe the Air Force Security Forces.
The Department of Defense use DOD Civilian Police. Each service also maintains uniformed civilian police officers. They are referred to as either DOD Force Protection, DOD (Department of Defense) Police, DOD (Department of Defense) Guard, DA (Department of the Army) Police or DA Guard. The police officers' peacetime duties are the same as those of civilian police, namely to enforce the laws of the U.S. Military in the form of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), and the regulations of their particular installation. The civilian guards' duties are normally restricted to protection of priority resources. There is one Department of Defense police agency, whose duties include executive protection, and law enforcement throughout the Pentagon Reservation and throughout the National Capital Region (NCR). The United States Pentagon Police, are the principal law enforcement arm of the U.S. Department of Defense and the federal police force of the Secretary of Defense. These officers/agents provide a wide array of services to the Department of Defense community throughout the National Capital Region (NCR), and possess full federal authority as described in Title 10 of United States Code (U.S.C.).
See also
- List of United States federal law enforcement agencies
- Military police
- Military law
- Air Force Security Forces
- Master-at-arms
- Shore patrol
- United States Constabulary (Obsolete Organization)
- United States Pentagon Police
