List of pharaohs

This article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3000 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC.

It should be noted that there are three women rulers of Egypt on this list of pharaohs who chose not to take the title pharaoh who were not Ptolemaic queen consorts (Sobeknefru, Hatshepsut, and Twosret), because pharaoh was a male title. On this list, they are noted as "Queen ________."

Note that the dates given must be regarded in most instances as approximate. Dating systems for Egyptian studies are quite various, depending on how they are constructed and what assumptions are used. Presented below is one such interpretation, but it is assuredly not the only one.

Archaic period

The Archaic period includes the Early Dynastic Period, when Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt were ruled as separate kingdoms, and the First and Second Dynasties

Early dynastic: Lower Egypt

Lower Egypt, known as the Black Land, consisted of the northern Nile and the Nile Delta.

Name	Comments	Dates
Tiu (pharaoh)	-	?
Thesh	-	?
Hsekiu	-	?
Wazner	-	c.3050 BC?

Early dynastic: Upper Egypt

Upper Egypt, known as the Red Land, consisted of the southern Nile and the deserts.

Name	Comments	Dates
Ro	-	?
Serket	Also known as "Scorpion of Egypt" or "King Scorpion	c.3150 BC
Narmer	Considered by some to be the founder of the First Dynasty	c.3050 BC

First Dynasty

The First Dynasty ruled from c.3050 BC to 2890 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Hor-Aha	Menes in earlier lists, also known as Min and Meni	c.3050 BC
Djer	-	57 years
Merneith	Regent for Djet	-
Djet	-	-
Den	-	14 to 20 years
Anedjib	-	26 years
Semerkhet	-	9 to 18 years
Qa'a	-	2916?–2890

Second Dynasty

The Second Dynasty ruled from 2890 to 2686 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Hotepsekhemwy	-	2890–?
Raneb	-	39 years
Nynetjer	-	23 years
Wneg	-	8 years
Senedj	-	20 years
Seth-Peribsen	-	17 years
Khasekhemwy	-	?–2686 BC

Old Kingdom

The Old Kingdom is period in the third millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilisational complexity and achievement (the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods which mark the high points of civilisation in the Nile Valley), spanning the period when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through to the Sixth Dynasty (2630 – 2151 BC). Many Egyptologists also include the Memphite Seventh and Eighth Dynasties in the Old Kingdom as a continuation of the administration centralised at Memphis. The Old Kingdom was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period.

The royal capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom was located at Memphis, where Djoser established his court. The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known, however for the large number of pyramids which were constructed at this time as pharaonic burial places. For this reason, the Old Kingdom is frequently referred to as "the Age of the Pyramids".

Third Dynasty

The Third Dynasty ruled from 2686 to 2613 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Sanakhte	-	2686-2668
Djoser	Commissioned the Step Pyramid designed by Imhotep	2668-2649
Sekhemkhet	-	2649-2643
Khaba	-	2643-2637
Huni	-	2637-2613

Fourth Dynasty

The Fourth Dynasty ruled from 2613 to 2498 BC and included the pharaohs who had the Great Pyramids built, Khufu (Cheops), Khafra (Chephren) and Menkaura (Mycerinus).

Nomen (Praenomen)	Comments	Dates
Sneferu	-	2613-2589
Khufu	Greek form Cheops	2589-2566
Djedefra (Radjedef)	–	2566-2558
Khafra	Greek form Chephren	2558-2532
–	here some authorities insert Bikheris, following Manetho	-
Menkaura	Greek form Mycerinus	2532-2503
Shepseskaf	–	2503-2498
–	here some authorities insert Thampthis, following Manetho	-

Fifth Dynasty

The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Userkaf	-	2498-2491
Sahure	-	2487-2477
Neferirkare Kakai	-	2477-2467
Shepseskare Isi	-	2467-2460
Neferefre	-	2460-2453
Nyuserre Ini	-	2453-2422
Menkauhor Kaiu	-	2422-2414
Djedkare Isesi	-	2414-2375
Unas	-	2375-2345

Sixth Dynasty

The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Teti	-	2345-2333
Userkare	-	2333-2332
Pepi I Meryre	-	2332-2283
Merenre Nemtyemsaf I	-	2283-2278
Pepi II Neferkare	-	2278-2184
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II	Uncertain pharaoh.	2184
Nitiqret	A supposed female ruler.	2184-2183

First intermediate period

The First Intermediate Period is the period between the end of the Old Kingdom and the advent of the Middle Kingdom.

The Old Kingdom rapidly collapsed after the death of Pepi II. He had reigned for 94 years, longer than any monarch in history, and died aged 100. The latter years of his reign were marked by ineffeciency because of his advanced age.

The Union of the Two Kingdoms fell apart and regional leaders had to cope with the resulting famine.

Around 2160 BC, a new line of pharaohs tried to reunite Lower Egypt from their capital in Herakleopolis Magna. In the meantime, however, a rival line based at Thebes was reuniting Upper Egypt and a clash between the two rival dynasties was inevitable.

Around 2055 BC, a descendant of the pharaoh Intef III defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs, reunited the Two Lands, founded the Eleventh Dynasty and ruled as Mentuhotep II, the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom.

Seventh and Eighth Dynasties (combined)

The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties ruled from 2181 to 2160 BC. (This table is based on the Abydos Table from the Temple of Seti I, taken from www.narmer.pl/main/abydos_en.html)

Nomen	Prenomen	Notes
---	Neferkara I
Nebi	Neferkara
---	Djedkara Shemai
---	Neferkara Khendu
		some authorities place here Merenhor
Seneferka	Neferkamin
---	Nikara
---	Neferkara Tereru
---	Neferkahor
---	Neferkara Pepyseneb
---	Neferkamin Anu
Iby	Qakara
---	Neferkara II
Khuwihap	Neferkawhor
---	Neferirkara

Ninth Dynasty

The Ninth Dynasty ruled from 2160 to 2130 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Meryibre Khety (Achthoes I)	-	2160- ?
Meribre Khety II	-	?
Neferkare III	-	?
Nebkaure (Acthoes II)	-	?
Setut	-	?
Wakhare Khety I	-	?
Merykare	-	?
Wankhare Khety II	-	?
Menethoupe I	-	?
Wankhare Khety III	-	?
Khety II	-	?
Khety II's daughter	-	?
Merikare's daughter	-	? -2130

Tenth Dynasty

The Tenth Dynasty was a local group that held sway over Upper Egypt that ruled from 2130 to 2040 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Meryhathor	-	2130- ?
Neferkare IV	-	?
Wankare (Acthoes III)	-	?
Merykare	-	?
–	-	? -2040

Eleventh Dynasty

The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Lower Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Intef I	-	2134-2117
Intef II	-	2117-2069
Intef III	-	2069-2060
Nebhetepre Mentuhotep I	Gained all Egypt 2040, Middle Kingdom begins.	2060-2010
Sankhkare Mentuhotep II	-	2010-1998
Nebtawyre Mentuhotep III	-	1997-1991

Middle Kingdom

The Middle Kingdom is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to be beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. In addition to Twelfth Dynasty, some scholars include the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties in the Middle Kingdom.

The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty, and was unable to hold onto the long land of Egypt. The provincial ruling family in Xois, located in the marshes of the western Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Fourteenth Dynasty, marking the start of the Second Intermediate period.

Twelfth Dynasty

The Twelfth Dynasty ruled from 1991 to 1782 BC, and is considered by later Egyptians as their greatest dynasty.

Name	Comments	Dates
Amenemhet I	-	1991-1962
Senusret I (Sesostris I)	-	1971-1926
Amenemhet II	-	1929-1895
Senusret II (Sesostris II)	-	1897-1878
Senusret III (Sesostris III)	-	1878-1841
Amenemhet III	-	1842-1797
Amenemhet IV	-	1798-1786
Queen Sobeknefru	A rare female ruler.	1785-1782

Second intermediate period

The Second Intermediate Period is a period of disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom. It is best known as when the Hyksos made their appearance in Egypt, whose reign comprised the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties.

The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty, and was unable to hold onto the long land of Egypt. The provincial ruling family in Xois, located in the marshes of the western Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Fourteenth Dynasty.

The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell ed-Dab'a/Khata'na). The Hyksos, led by Salitis, the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, overran Egypt during the reign of Dudimose I.

Around the time Memphis fell to the Hyksos, the native Egyptian ruling house in Thebes declared its independence and set itself up as the Seventeenth Dynasty. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia

Thirteenth Dynasty

The Thirteenth Dynasty ruled from 1786 to around 1705 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Sobkhotep I	-	1786- ? (5+ yrs.)
Senbuef	-	3 or more yrs.
Sehetepibre	-	c. 1770-1769
Ameny Intef IV (Amenemhet V)	-	? -1760
Amu Sihornerjheryotef	-	?
Renseneb	-	4 mo. in c. 1760
Hor	-	c. 1760
Sobekhotep II (Amenemhet VI)	-	c. 1750
Wegaf	-	2 years
Senusret IV	-	?
Khendjer	-	4 yrs, incl. c. 1747
Imyremeshaw	-	?
Antef V	-	?
Sobekemsaf I	-	?
Sobekhotep III	-	c. 1745
Neferhotep I	-	1741-1730
Sobekhotep IV	-	1730-1720
Merneferre Ai	-	c. 1720
Neferhotep II	-	?
Dudimose I	-	c. 1674
Dudimose II	-	?
Senebmiu	-	?
Mentuhotep V	-	?
Senaayeb	-	?

Fourteenth Dynasty

The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Xois (Avaris), that ruled from around 1705 to around 1690 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Nehesy	-	c. 1705
Khakherewre ?	-	?
Nebefawre	-	c. 1704
Sehebre ?	-	?
Merdjefare	-	c. 1699
Sewadjkare ?	-	?
Nebdjefare	-	c. 1694
Webenre ?	-	?
?	-	?
—djefare ?	-	?
—webenre	-	c. 1690

The Turin King List provides an additional 25 names, some fragmentary, and no dates. None are attested to elsewhere, and all are of very dubious provenance.

Fifteenth Dynasty

The Fifteenth Dynasty arose from among the Hyskos people: desert Bedouins who emerged out of the Fertile Crescent to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile region, and ruled from 1674 to 1567 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Sheshi	Ruled either 1 or 3 years	1674- ?
Yakubher	-	8 years
Khyan	-	?
Apepi I	-	40 years or more
Apepi II	-	?
Khamudy	-	? -1567

Sixteenth Dynasty

The Sixteenth Dynasty was a local group based on the north coast of the Sinai (Pelusium) and ruled from 1663 to around 1555 BC:

Nomen (Praenomen)	Comments	Dates
-	name of the first king is lost here in the Turin King List, and cannot be recovered	-
Djehuty (Sekhemresementawy)	–	3 y
Sobekhotep VIII (Sekhemresewosertawy)	–	16 y
Neferhotep III (Sekhemresankhtawy)	–	1 y
Mentuhotepi (Sankhenra)	–	1 y
Nebiryraw I (Sewadjenra)	–	26 y
Nebiryraw II	–	3 m?
– (Semenra)	–	1 y?
Bebiankh (Sewoserenra)	–	12 y
– (Sekhemreshedwaset)	–	3 m?
-	names of five kings are lost here in the Turin King List, and cannot be recovered	-

Some sources include as many as six more names – Semqen, Khauserre, Seket, Ahetepre, Amu, and Nebkhepeshre (Apepi III) – who are not attested elsewhere. This group seems to have disappeared entirely by 1555 BC.

Seventeenth Dynasty

The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1570 BC:

Name	Comments	Dates
Rehotep	-	1650- ?
Intef V the Elder	-	3 years
Intef VI	-	?
Sobekemsaf II	-	16 years
Thuty	-	1 year
Mentuhotep VI	-	1 year
Nebiryerawet I	-	6 years
Nebiryerawet II	-	?
Semenmedjatre	-	?
Seuserenre	-	12 years
Shedwast	-	?
Intef VII	-	3 or more years
Senakhtenre	-	?
Tao I the Elder	-	c. 1633
Tao II the Brave	-	c. 1574
Kamose	-	1573-1570

New Kingdom

The New Kingdom is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period.

The New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. It expanded far into Nubia in the south, and held wide territories in the Near East. Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria.

Two of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism, and Ramesses II, who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reconquest led to the Battle of Qadesh, where he led the Egyptian armies against the army of the Hittite king Muwatalli II.

Eighteenth Dynasty

The Eighteenth Dynasty ruled from 1570 to 1293 BC:

Name	Comments	Dates
Ahmose I, Ahmosis I	Successor to Kamose, above.	1570-1546
Amenhotep I	-	1551-1524
Djehutymes I (Tuthmosis I)	-	1525-1518
Djehutymes II (Tuthmosis II)	-	1518-1504
Djehutymes III (Tuthmosis III)	-	1503-1450
Queen Hatshepsut	A rare female ruler	1498-1483
Amenhotep II	-	1453-1419
Djehutymes IV (Tuthmosis IV)	-	1419-1386
Amenhotep III	-	1386-1349
Amenhotep IV Akhenaten	Founder of brief period of monotheism Aten	1350-1334
Smenkhkare	-	1336-1334
Tutankhamun	-	1334-1325
Kheperkheprure Ai	-	1325-1321
Horemheb	Former General and advisor to Tutankhamun	1321-1293

Nineteenth Dynasty

The Nineteenth Dynasty ruled from 1293 to 1185 BC and includes one of the greatest pharaohs: Rameses II the Great:

Name	Comments	Dates
Ramesses I	-	1293-1291
Seti I	-	1291-1278
Ramesses II the Great	The ruler usually associated with Moses	1279-1212
Merneptah	-	1212-1202
Amenemses	-	1202-1199
Seti II	-	1199-1193
Siptah	He ordered the execution of Chancellor Bay in his 5th Year	1193-1187
Queen Twosret	A rare female ruler	1187-1185

Twentieth Dynasty

The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1185 to 1070 BC:

Name	Comments	Dates
Setnakhte	-	1185-1182
Ramesses III	-	1182-1151
Ramesses IV	-	1151-1145
Ramesses V	-	1145-1141
Ramesses VI	-	1141-1133
Ramesses VII	-	1133-1126
Ramesses VIII	-	1126
Ramesses IX	-	1126-1108
Ramesses X	-	1108-1098
Ramesses XI	-	1098-1070

High Priests of Amun at Thebes

While not regarded as a dynasty per se, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes were nevertheless of such power and influence that they were effectively the rulers of Upper Egypt from 1080 to 945 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Herihor	-	1080-1074
Piankh	-	1074-1070
Pinedjem I	-	1070-1032
Masaherta	-	1054-1046
Menkheperre	-	1045-992
Nesbanebdjed II	Also known as Smendes II	992-990
Pinedjem II	-	990-969
Psusennes III	almost certainly the same person as Psusennes II	969-945

Twenty-first Dynasty

The Twenty-first Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. Theoretically, they were rulers of all Egypt, but in practice their influence was limited to Lower Egypt. They ruled from 1069 to 945 BC

Name	Comments	Dates
Nesbanebdjed I	Also known as Smendes I	1069-1043
Amenemnisu	-	1043-1039
Psusennes I	-	1039-991
Amenemope	-	993-984
Osorkon the Elder	-	984-978
Siamun	-	978-959
Psusennes II	-	959-945

Third intermediate period

The Third Intermediate Period marked the end of the New Kingdom. A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.

Twenty-second Dynasty

The pharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty were Libyans, ruling from around 945 to 715 BC:

Name	Comments	Dates
Shoshenq I	often said to be the Biblical Shishaq	945-924 or 943-922
Osorkon I	-	922-887
Shoshenq II	Likely a genuine king with an independent reign rather than Osorkon I's coregent	-	887-885
Takelot I	-	885-872
Harsiese A	A rival king at Thebes under Osorkon II and probably Takelot I. A stela from his	reign has been found	-	875-860
Osorkon II	-	872-837
Shoshenq III	-	837-798
Shoshenq "quartus"	also known as Shoshenq Ib, IIIa, "IV" (not to be confused with Shoshenq VI),	-	798-785
Pami	An Annal document survives for his reign unlike those of his compatriots	-	785-778
Shoshenq V	-	778-740
Osorkon IV	he was probably not a member of this Dynasty but just a local king who succeeded	Shoshenq V at Tanis	-	740-720

Twenty-third Dynasty

The Twenty-third Dynasty was a local group, again of Libyan origin, based at Leontopolis, that ruled from 818 to 715 BC:

Name	Comments	Dates
Pedibastet	-	818-793
Shoshenq IV	-	792-787
Osorkon III	-	787-759
Takelot III	-	764-757
Rudamon	-	757-754
Iuput	-	754-715

The Libu

Not reckoned a dynasty as such, the Libu were yet another group of western nomads (Libyans) who occupied the western Delta from 800 to 727 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Inamunnifnebu	-	800-790
?	-	790-775
Niumateped	-	775-750
Titaru	-	758-750
Ker	-	750-745
Rudamon	-	745-740
Ankhor	-	740-731
Tefnakht	-	731-727

Twenty-fourth Dynasty

The Twenty-fourth Dynasty was a short-lived rival dynasty located in the western Delta (Sais), with only two Pharaoh ruling from 727 to 715 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Tefnakhte	-	727-720
Bakenranef (Bocchoris)	-	720-715

Late period

The Late Period runs from 716 BC to Egypt becoming a province of Rome in 30 BC, and includes periods of rule by Nubians, Persians, and Macedonians.

Twenty-fifth Dynasty

Nubians invaded Egypt in 716 BC and took the throne of Egypt, establishing the Twenty-fifth Dynasty which ruled until 656 BC.

Name	Comments	Dates
Shabaka	-	716-702
Shebitku	-	702-690
Taharqa	-	690-664
Tantamani	died 653	664-656

They were ultimately driven back into Nubia, where they established a kingdom at Napata (656-590), and, later, at Meroë (590 BC-4th cent. AD).

Twenty-sixth Dynasty

The Twenty-sixth Dynasty ruled from around 665 to 525 BC

Name	Comments	Dates
Necho I	-	?
Psamtik I	-	664 BC – 610 BC
Necho II	-	610 – 595 BC
Psamtik II	-	595 – 589 BC
Wahibre	-	589 – 570 BC
Ahmose II	-	570 – 526 BC
Psammetichus III	-	526 – 525 BC

Twenty-seventh Dynasty

Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire in 525 BC and annexed by the Persians until 404 BC. The Achaemenid shahs were acknowledged as pharaohs in this era, forming a "Twenty-seventh" Dynasty:

Name	Comments	Dates
Cambyses II	-	525- 521
Smerdis the Usurper	-	521 BC
Darius I the Great	-	521 – 486 BC
Xerxes I the Great	-	486 – 465 BC
Artabanus the Hyrcanian	-	465 – 464 BC
Artaxerxes I Longhand	-	464 – 424 BC
Xerxes II	claimant	424 – 423 BC
Sogdianus	claimant	424 – 423 BC
Darius II	-	424 – 404 BC

Twenty-eighth Dynasty

The Twenty-eighth Dynasty lasted only 6 years, from 404 to 398 BC, with one Pharaoh:

Name	Comments	Dates
Amyrtaeus	Descendant of the Saite pharaohs of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against the Persians	404 – 398 BC

Twenty-ninth Dynasty

The Twenty-ninth Dynasty ruled from 398 to 380 BC:

Name	Comments	Dates
Nefaarud I	Also known as Nepherites	398 – 393 BC
Psammuthes	-	393 BC
Hakor (Achoris)	-	393 – 380 BC
Nefaarud II	-	380 BC

Thirtieth Dynasty

The Thirtieth Dynasty ruled from 380 until Egypt once came more under Persian rule in 343 BC:

Name	Comments	Dates
Nectanebo I	Also known as Nekhtnebef	380 – 362 BC
Teos	-	362 – 360 BC
Nectanebo II	-	360 – 343 BC

Persians and Macedonians

Egypt came under the control of the Persians and Macedonians from 343 to 309 BC. After the practice of Manetho, the Persian rulers from 343 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the Thirty-first Dynasty:

Name	Comments	Dates
Artaxerxes III	Egypt came under Persian for the second time	343–338 BC
Artaxerxes IV Arses	Only reigned in Lower Egypt	338–336 BC
Khabbabash	Leader of a Nubian revolt in Upper Egypt	338–335 BC
Darius III	Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BC	336–332 BC
Alexander III the Great	Macedon conquered Persia, and Egypt	332–323 BC
Philip III Arrhidaeus	Feeble-minded son of Philip II of Macedonia; half-brother of Alexander III the Great	323–317 BC
Alexander IV of Macedon	Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana	317–309 BC

Ptolemaic Dynasty

In the Hellenistic period, the Ptolemaic Dynasty ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency):

Name	Comments	Dates
Ptolemy I Soter	Abdicated in 285 BC; died in 283 BC	305–285 BC
Berenice I	Wife of Ptolemy I	?-285 BC
Ptolemy II Philadelphos	-	288–246 BC
Arsinoe I	Wife of Ptolemy II	284/81-ca. 274 BC
Arsinoe II	Wife of Ptolemy II	277-270 BC
Ptolemy III Euergetes I	-	246–222 BC
Berenice II	Wife of Ptolemy III	244/3-222 BC
Ptolemy IV Philopator	-	222–204 BC
Arsinoe III	Wife of Ptolemy IV	220-204 BC
Ptolemy V Epiphanes	Upper Egypt in revolt 207–186 BC	204–180 BC
Cleopatra I	Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority	193-176 BC
Ptolemy VI Philometor	Died 145 BC	180–164 BC
Cleopatra II	Wife of Ptolemy VI	173-164 BC
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II	Installed by Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 170 BC; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC. Died 116 BC	171–163 BC
Ptolemy VI Philometor	Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BC–163 BC; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BC	163-145 BC
Cleopatra II	Married Ptolemy VIII; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of Egypt.	163-127 BC
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator	Proclaimed co-ruler by father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II	144-145 BC
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II	Restored	145-131 BC
Cleopatra III	Second wife of Ptolemy VIII	142-131 BC
Ptolemy Memphitis	Proclaimed King by Cleopatra II; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII	131 BC
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II	Restored	127-116 BC
Cleopatra III	Restored with Ptolemy VIII; later co-regent with Ptolemy IX and X.	127-107 BC
Cleopatra II	Reconciled with Ptolemy VIII; co-ruled with Cleopatra III and Ptolemy until 116.	124-116 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter II	Died 80 BC	116–110 BC
Cleopatra IV	Shortly married to Ptolemy IX, but was pushed out by Cleopatra III	116-115 BC
Ptolemy X Alexander I	Died 88 BC	110–109 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter II	Restored	109–107 BC
Ptolemy X Alexander I	Restored	107–88 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter II	Restored again	88–81 BC
Berenice III	Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later	81-80 BC
Ptolemy XI Alexander II	Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice III	80 BC
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes)	Son of Ptolemy IX; died 51 BC	80–58 BC
Cleopatra V Tryphaena	Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV	?-57 BC
Cleopatra VI	Daughter of Ptolemy XII	?-58 BC
Berenice IV	Daughter of Ptolemy XII; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but has him strangled	58–55 BC
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos	Restored; reigned briefly with his daughter Cleopatra VII before his death	55–51 BC
Cleopatra VII	Jointly with her father Ptolemy XII, her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother-husband Ptolemy XIV, and her son Ptolemy XV; also known simply as Cleopatra	51–30 BC
Ptolemy XIII	Brother of Cleopatra VII	51–47 BC
Ptolemy XIV	Younger brother of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII	47–44 BC
Ptolemy XV Caesarion	Infant son of Cleopatra VII; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra	44–30 BC
Arsinoe IV	In opposition to Cleopatra VII	48-47 BC

Rome

Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC.

References

Sir Alan Gardiner Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, Third Edition, Revised. London: Oxford University Press, 1964. Excursus A, pp. 71-76.

External links