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Censorship of YouTube

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YouTube, the second most visited website (according to Alexa Internet), has been censored several times in some countries since its inception. These countries include the following: Brazil, the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Iran, Morocco, Pakistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates.

File:YouTube world map.png
Map showing YouTube blocking status. Countries that still block YouTube are shown in red.

Worldwide

Windows Live Messenger

On May 10 2008, Microsoft temporarily banned functional YouTube links from its Live Messenger Service. Microsoft has yet to comment on the blocking. The sending of any functional link starting with either http:// or www. with the string "youtube.com" contained within it will return an error message saying "The following message could not be delivered to all recipients: (original message here)." Coincidentally, or not, Messenger TV, a new video service provided by Microsoft is to be released the same week.[1]

On May 10 2008 at around 21:30 GMT British Summer Time it appears that YouTube links can now be sent again.

By educational institutions

Brigham Young University

Some U.S. Colleges are also blocking YouTube access, including Brigham Young University, a private university run by the LDS (Mormon) Church.[citation needed]

By country

Brazil

YouTube is being sued by Brazilian model and MTV VJ Daniela Cicarelli (better known as Ronaldo's ex-fiancée) on the grounds that the site makes available video footage made by a paparazzo in which she and her boyfriend are having sex on a Spanish beach. The lawsuit requires that YouTube be blocked in Brazil until all copies of the video are removed. On Saturday, January 6, 2007, a legal injunction ordered that filters be put in place to prevent users in Brazil from accessing the website.[2][3]

The effectiveness of the measure has been questioned, since the video is available not only on YouTube, but also on other sites as part of an Internet phenomenon. On Tuesday, January 9, 2007, the same court overturned their previous decision, ordering the filters removed, although the footage itself remained forbidden, but without technical support for its blockage.[4] After the banning of YouTube in Brazil there has been a website called brtube.com as an unofficial replacement for YouTube in Brazil.

Indonesia

On April 1, 2008, Indonesian information minister, Muhammad Nuh, wrote to YouTube asking them to remove a controversial Dutch film, Fitna, made by Dutch right-wing politician, Geert Wilders. The Indonesian government allowed two days for the removal of the video, or YouTube would be blocked in Indonesia. On April 4, 2008, Muhammad Nuh asked all Internet providers to block the access to YouTube.[5][6] On April 5, 2008, YouTube was blocked for testing by one ISP.[7] Finally, on April 8, YouTube, along with MySpace, Metacafe, Rapidshare, Multiply, Liveleak and Fitna's official site, were blocked in Indonesia.[8]YouTube's ban was lifted on April 10.[citation needed] There may still be some blocking in May 2008 according to local inhabitants.

Iran

On December 3, 2006, Iran blocked YouTube, along with several other sites, after declaring them "immoral". The YouTube ban came after a video was posted online that appears to show an Iranian soap opera star having sex.[9] Although only www.youtube.com is filtered. other server such as ca.youtube.com are open.

Morocco

On May 25, 2007 the state-owned Maroc Telecom blocked all access to YouTube.[10] There were no reasons given as to why YouTube was blocked, but speculations are that it might have something to do with some posted pro-separatist group Polisario clips (Polisario being the Western Sahara independence movement) or because of some videos criticizing King Mohammed VI. The government ban did not concern the other two private internet-providers, Wana and Meditel. YouTube became accessible again on May 30, 2007 after Maroc Telecom unofficially announced that the denied access to the website was a mere "technical glitch".[11]

Pakistan

YouTube was blocked in Pakistan following a decision taken by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority on February 22 2007 because of the number of "non-Islamic objectionable videos."[12] One report specifically names Fitna, a controversial Dutch film, as the basis for the block.[13] Pakistan, an Islamic republic, has ordered its ISPs to block access to YouTube "for containing blasphemous web content/movies."[14](Blasphemy law in Pakistan calls for life imprisonment or death.) The action effectively blocked YouTube access worldwide for several hours on February 24.[15]

This follows increasing unrest in Pakistan by Islamic extremists over the re-printing of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons which depict satirical Criticism of Islam.[14] However, it has been suggested by some Pakistani vigilante web sites and electoral process watchdog groups that the block was imposed largely to distract viewers from videos alleging vote-rigging by the ruling MQM party in the recently concluded general elections. Allegations of suppressing vote-rigging videos by the Musharraf administration are also being leveled by Pakistani bloggers, newspapers, media, and Pakistani anti-Musharraf opposition parties.

On February 26, 2007, the ban was lifted after the website had removed the objectionable content from its servers at the request of the government.[16]

People's Republic of China

See also: blocking of Wikipedia in Mainland China

As part of the Golden Shield Internet censoring program, YouTube has been blocked in the People's Republic of China since October 15, 2007[17].

Saudi Arabia

YouTube is now unblocked in Saudi Arabia, but the page that makes you confirm your date of birth is blocked, preventing the viewing of any YouTube video that is flagged for adults.[citation needed]

Sudan

YouTube was just blocked in Sudan by the Sudanese National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) because YouTube started uploading videos that are bad and that bring bad images. Before that it was accessible and you can make accounts and confirm and everything else. It was just like the YouTube in the United States but is now blocked. It will soon be unblocked, maybe but the date of the unblocking is unknown.

Syria

YouTube is currently blocked in Syria. The main ISP in Syria, SyriaTel, claims that it cannot handle the bandwidth costs generated at the moment and will unblock it in the future.[citation needed]

Thailand

During the week of March 8 2007, YouTube was blocked in Thailand.[18] Many bloggers believed the reason for the blocking was a posted video of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra's speech on CNN. The government did not confirm or provide reasons for the ban, but YouTube was accessible again on March 10 2007.

On the night of April 3 2007, YouTube was again blocked in Thailand.[19] The government cited a video on the site that it called "insulting" to King Bhumibol Adulyadej.[20] However, the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology claimed that it would unblock YouTube in a few days, after websites containing references to this video are blocked instead of the entire website.[21] Communications Minister Sitthichai Pookaiyaudom said, "When they decide to withdraw the clip, we will withdraw the ban."[22] Shortly after this incident the internet technology blog Mashable was blocked from Thailand over the reporting of the YouTube clips in question.[23] YouTube was unblocked on August 30, 2007 after YouTube reportedly agreed to block videos deemed offensive by Thai authorities.[24]

On September 21, 2007, Thai authorities announced they were seeking a court order to block videos that had recently appeared on YouTube accusing Privy Council president Prem Tinsulanonda of attempting to manipulate the royal succession to make himself Thailand's king.[25]

Tunisia

Youtube has been blocked in Tunisia since at least November 2 2007, with a forged HTTP 404 error message appearing instead.[26] The reasons for such an action are not immediately known, and no explanations have been given.

Turkey

Visitors to YouTube from Turkey were faced with a message about the block.

Türk Telekom blocked YouTube on March 6 2007 for showing videos allegedly insulting Turks and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, in an escalation of what some have called a "virtual war" between Greeks and Turks on YouTube, with people from each side posting videos to berate the other.[27] The video was first mentioned on CNN Türk and the İstanbul public prosecutor sued YouTube for "insulting Turkishness".[28] The court suspended access to YouTube pending removal of the video. The ban was strongly criticized as censorship in the press and by the general public. YouTube lawyers sent proof of the video's removal to the public prosecutor and access was restored on March 9 2007.[29]


On May 5, 2008, YouTube was blocked yet again by Telecommunication Ministry, according to the order of Ankara 11. Sulh Ceza Mahkemesi, April 24, 2008 of 2008/468. The blocking was lifted on May 12 2008, another reason given for the blocking is YouTube did not have a certification of authorisation in the country.

United Arab Emirates

The UAE's telecom regulatory authority has blocked YouTube, with the Etisalat ISP in the UAE citing "presence of adult content on the website which is clearly against the religious, cultural, political and moral values of the UAE". The site is now open but the confirming date of birth pages still blocked.[30]

References

  1. ^ "Microsoft Starts Blocking YouTube Links From Being Shared On MSN And Windows Live Messenger". BETA Daily. 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-05-10. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ Total Security - O Seu Portal de Segurança
  3. ^ Radio Fandango - Cachoeira do sul - À VOZ DA CIDADE
  4. ^ Justiça determina liberação do YouTube - Terra - Internet
  5. ^ "Indonesia Seeks to Block YouTube Over Anti-Koran Film". New York Times. April 2, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ "Menkominfo 'Ultimatum' ISP Blokir YouTube". detik.com (in Indonesian language). April 4, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ "YouTube Terblokir karena 'Ulah' Satu ISP". detik.com (in Indonesian language). April 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ "Speedy Blokir 7 Situs, Pengusaha Kecil Mulai Menjerit!". detik.com (in Indonesian language). April 8, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ^ "Censorship fears rise as Iran blocks access to top websites". November 4, 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ "Morocco blocks access to YouTube". globalvoicesonline.org. Retrieved 2007-05-27.
  11. ^ "YouTube again accessible via Maroc Telecom". rsf.org. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  12. ^ "Access to YouTube blocked until further notice because of "non-Islamic" videos", at Reporters Without Borders.
  13. ^ Pakistan blocks YouTube website
  14. ^ a b Pakistan blocks YouTube for 'blasphemous' content: officials, Yahoo News
  15. ^ "Pakistan move knocked out YouTube", CNN, February 25, 2007. Retrieved March 5 2008.
  16. ^ "Pakistan lifts YouTube ban". ABC News. 2007-02-26. Retrieved 2007-02-26.
  17. ^ Schwankert, Steven. "YouTube blocked in China; Flickr, Blogspot restored", IDG News, October 18, 2007. Retrieved on March 3, 2008
  18. ^ "YouTube seems blocked in Thailand 2bangkok.com". March 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ "YouTube Blocked Again". April 04, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ "For some users, YouTube disappears". April 04, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "YouTube to help block web access to pages insulting King". April 07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "Whose Tube?". The Economist. 2004-04-14. p. 71. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  23. ^ Cashmore, Pete (2004-04-18). "Mashable.com Banned in Thailand". Mashable. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ "Ban on YouTube lifted after deal". The Nation. 2007-08-31. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  25. ^ "BDSI seeks to block YouTube videos". Bangkok Post. 2007-09-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^ Ben Gharbia, Sami (2007-11-02). "Tunisia: is Youtube blocked?". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ "Turkey pulls plug on YouTube over Ataturk 'insults'". March 7, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ "Turkey bans YouTube". March 8, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ "Turkey revokes YouTube ban". March 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ Wade, Matthew. YouTube block remains. ITP.net: August 17, 2006.


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