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2008 Mumbai attacks

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The Mumbai attacks of November 26th, 2008
Locations of some of the attacks
LocationMumbai, India
Date26 November 2008
10:30pm[1] (IST, UTC+5:30)
Attack type
Bombings, shootings, hostages[2]
WeaponsRDX, AK-47s,and grenades[3]
Deaths125+[4][5]
Injured327+[3]

Ten simultaneous terrorist attacks occurred across Mumbai, India's financial capital and largest city, on 26 November 2008.[7] At least 125 people, including at least six foreign nationals, have been confirmed dead, and at least 327 have been injured.[4] All except one of the attacks took place in South Mumbai; at the crowded Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) railway station; at two five-star hotels: the Oberoi Trident at Nariman Point, and Taj Mahal Palace & Tower near the Gateway of India; at the Leopold Café, a popular tourist restaurant in Colaba; at the Cama Hospital; and at the police headquarters where at least three high-level officers, including chief of the Anti Terrorism Squad of Maharashtra, were killed by gunfire.

Due to the apparent targeting of British and American citizens, and the pattern of co-ordinated attacks [citation needed], Islamic terrorists are thought to have been responsible. [citation needed] A previously unknown organization identifying itself as the Deccan Mujahideen claimed responsibility by email sent to news organizations.[3] Some media reports have attributed these terrorist attacks to Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based Islamic militant group.[8][9] According to some news reports, a terrorist holding hostages at the Oberoi told an Indian TV channel that they wanted all 'Mujahideen' in Indian prisons released before they released their hostages. He also indicated that there were seven terrorists holding hostages at that location.[10][11]

According to Indian news reports, Indian intelligence agencies believed that attackers came by sea to Mumbai from the Pakistani port of Karachi in the ship MV Alpha.[12][13] These reports were later dismissed after the MV Alpha was searched by the Indian Navy and returned no evidence it was involved in any way.[14]

Locations

Location Type of attack
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station Shootings, grenades.
South Mumbai police headquarters Shootings[15]
Leopold Café, Colaba Shootings.
Taj Mahal Palace & Tower hotel Shootings,[16] six explosions, fire on top floor, hostages,[7] RDX found nearby.[17]
Oberoi Trident hotel Shootings, explosions, hostages, fire. Operated by Oberoi Hotels & Resorts
Mazagaon docks Explosion, boat with armaments seized.
Cama Hospital Shootings, hostages.[18]
Nariman House (Mumbai Chabad House) Siege, shootings,[19] hostages. Owned by and home of the Chabad Lubavitch chabad house.[20]
Vile Parle suburb, North Mumbai Car bomb blast.[21]
Girgaum Chowpatty 2 terrorists were apprehended.[22]
Tardeo 2 terrorists were arrested.

Details

The interior part of CST station where the terrorists had fired at civilians

Template:Wikinewspar2 India has suffered a wave of bomb attacks in recent years, and Mumbai, the financial capital of India, has also been the target of many of these attacks.

The November Mumbai attacks began around 9.50pm on November 26, when gunfire was heard inside the Leopold Cafe in Colaba.[citation needed] Next, armed with AK rifles, two terrorists entered the passenger hall of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station at about 10:30 p.m. and opened fire and threw grenades, killing at least ten people.[3][23] Two terrorists held fifteen hostages, including seven foreigners, in the Taj Mahal hotel.[24] CNN reported at 11pm that the hostage situation at the Taj had been resolved and quoted the police chief of Maharashtra state as saying that all hostages were freed,[7] however, it was later known that there were still hostages in the hotel.[17] Forty people are being held as hostages in the Oberoi Trident hotel.[25] Six blasts are reported to have taken place at the Taj hotel and one at the Oberoi Trident.[26][27] The Taj Mahal Hotel was reported to be completely under government control at 4:22 a.m.[7] Both hotels are on fire and have been surrounded and stormed by Rapid Action Forces commandos.[28][29] Reports emerged of terrorists using live feeds broadcast by television stations; feeds to the hotels have subsequently been blocked. [citation needed] All terrorists are out of the Taj hotel, and police and firefighters are working to rescue the estimated 50 people trapped inside. Low-intensity blasts were reported in Vile Parle and a grenade attack in Santa Cruz. Two blasts were reported in the Nepean Sea Road area of south Mumbai. A petrol pump was blown up.[28] Local trains Mumbai Suburban Railway on the Western Railway are operational, whereas Central Railway are suspended. More blasts were reported at the Oberoi as the siege continued.[25] Meanwhile, police seized a boat filled with arms and explosives anchored at Mazgaon dock off Mumbai harbour.[1]

About 65 Army commandos and 200 National Security Guards (NSG) commandos and MARCOS commandos were sent to Mumbai.[3] The army was reported to have stormed both the hotels to try and flush out the hostage takers.[30][29]

A number of European Parliament Committee on International Trade delegates were staying in the Taj Mahal hotel when it was attacked.[31] British Conservative MEP Sajjad Karim (who was in the lobby when gunmen initially opened fire there) and German Social Democrat MEP, Erika Mann were last heard of hiding in different parts of the building.[32] Also reported present was Spanish MEP Ignasi Guardans, who was barricaded in a hotel room.[33] Another British Conservative MEP, Syed Kamall, reports that he along with several other MEPs left the hotel and went to a nearby restaurant shortly before the attack.[32] Kamill also reported that Polish MEP, Jan Masiel, was thought to have been sleeping in his hotel room when the attacks occurred.[32] He did not leave his room for a long time but he finally managed to safely leave the hotel.[34] Kamil and Guardans report that a Hungarian MEP's assistant was shot.[32][35]

Also caught up in the shooting were the President of Madrid, Esperanza Aguirre, while checking in at the Oberoi Trident,[35] and Indian MP, N. N. Krishnadas of Kerala, while having dinner at a restaurant in the Taj hotel.[36]

The New York Times is reporting that terrorists are holding several hostages at Nariman House in Colaba, owned by Chabad Lubavitch.[37] Chabad Lubavitch also expressed concern that its representative in Mumbai, Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg, and his wife, Rivka Holtzberg, were missing.[20]They are believed to be taken hostage by the terrorists.[38] According to the Times of India, the Indian Jewish Federation reported that a rabbi and his family had been taken hostage at the Chabad house.[39] Haaretz Daily has since reported that Rivka Holtzberg and their two-year-old child were released unharmed. Times Online reports about the Sir Gulam Noon - MBE's experience on how he escaped the bombed Taj Mahal Hotel.[40]

A previously unknown organization identifying itself as the Deccan Mujahideen claimed responsibility by email sent to news organizations.[3] In September, the Indian Mujahideen warned of the attacks.[6] According to a witness, the gunmen were looking for American and British passport holders and left alone others, such as a man claiming to be Italian.[41] Some media reports have attributed these terrorist attacks to Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based Islamic militant group.[8][9]

Maharashtra state home secretary, Bipin Shrimali, has announced that the police have killed four gunmen when they attempted to flee in cars in two separate incidents, and state home minister, R. R. Patil, says nine suspects have also been arrested.[42]

As a result of this incident, all schools, colleges and most offices, including the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange will remain closed on 27th November 2008.[43] Shooting of Bollywood films and TV serials have also been halted in the city.[44]

The terrorists are said to have come by boat via sea routes from Karachi in Pakistan.[45] This led the Indian Navy and coast guard to begin searching ships off of India's western coast.[46] The Gujarat Police have said the terror strikes were similar to the Akshardham Temple attacks of 2002.[47]

Casualties

Nationality Deaths Injured
United States American - 3
Australia Australian 1 2
United Kingdom British 1 7
Canada Canadian 1 -
Germany German 1 -
India Indian 95 -
Italy Italian 1 -
Japan Japanese 1 -

At least 125 people have been killed in the attacks and 327 wounded.[4] Seven Britons, two Americans, and three Australians were among those injured.[48] Among the dead are 81 Indian civilians, 14 policemen and six foreigners, including one Japanese, one Australian, one Briton, one Canadian, one Italian, and one German.[7][49][50][51][52][53][54] In addition, nine terrorists were killed and another nine were arrested. According to British High Commissioner in India, Sir Richard Stagg, seven Britons have been injured in the terror strikes and one dead.[55] Eleven other foreigners of different nationalities were injured in the terror strikes and were admitted to the Bombay Hospital. Hospital sources said the injured foreigners are from Australia, USA, Norway, Spain, Canada and Singapore.[54] However, Singapore's Ministry of Foreign Affairs maintains that no Singaporean has been injured in the attacks.[56] Three Americans and two Australians are reported amongst the injured.[17]

According to Maharashtra chief minister, Vilasrao Deshmukh, fourteen policemen have been killed in total, including the following high profile officers:[52]

Three railway officials of CST have also been killed in the terror strikes.[60]

The Government of Maharashtra announced Rs. 5 lakh (about 10,000 USD) compensation to the kin of those killed in the terror attacks and Rs. 50,000 (about 1,000 USD) to the seriously injured.[61]

At least one media source (Press Trust of India, posted to NDTV.com) was reporting a death toll of more than 280 as of 27 November.[62]

Coverage

The Mumbai attacks highlighted the increasing importance of social media and citizen journalism in the way events are reported.[63] Many people are covering the unfolding event on websites like Twitter and Flickr, which are largely clustered under search tags such as "#mumbai" and "#attack". Many Indian bloggers have live-blogged the attacks. A map of the attacks was set up using Google Maps.[64] The online encyclopedia Wikipedia was also noted for its more detailed reports and more rapid updates compared with much of the traditional media.[65][66]

Reactions

International organizations

  • United Nations - UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon's spokesperson's statement: "The secretary general condemns the rash of shootings and blasts in Mumbai today, which killed and wounded a large number of people. Such violence is totally unacceptable. The secretary general reiterates his conviction that no cause or grievance can justify indiscriminate attacks against civilians. He calls for the perpetrators to be brought to justice swiftly. The secretary general sends his deepest sympathies to the families of the victims and the wounded and expresses his solidarity with the people and government of India."[67][68]
  • - NATO - Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer said: "I condemn in the strongest possible terms the mindless and indiscriminate terrorist attacks in Mumbai. Attacking innocent people, tourists and patients in hospitals is despicable and cowardly. On behalf of the Alliance, I am relaying the sincerest words of solidarity and sympathy to the Indian authorities, to Indian people and especially families of the victims. NATO, as part of the international community, is determined to spare no effort to fight the scourge of terrorism which should have no place in the 21st century."[68]

Countries

  •  Afghanistan - President Hamid Karzai said: "The government and people of Afghanistan stand by India in the aftermath of this horrific and inhuman act of terror. Nothing is more heinous and deplorable than taking the lives of innocent people in such a cowardly attack on public places. ... Terrorism is a threat to us all, affecting India, Afghanistan and the region. Responding to this threat requires nothing less than a joint strategy to defeat this menace."[68]
  •  China - China strongly condemns the attacks in Mumbai. Qin Gang, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman, said at a press briefing that, the Chinese people offered their deepest condolences to those who died.[70]
  •  Cyprus - The Foreign Ministry of Cyprus expressed in a statement "the sympathy and the deepest and sincere condolences on behalf of the government and the Cypriot people to the government of India, the Indian people and the families of the victims." "At these difficult times for India," added the statement, "the Republic of Cyprus expresses its solidarity and support to the struggle of the government of India to eliminate international terrorism and notes the need for a more active engagement of the international community in the campaign against terrorism."[72]
  •  Denmark - Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen stated in a press conference in Belgrad, Serbia on November 27 that "I condemn in the strongest possible terms the terrorist act, that has killed many people, injured several others and taken other people as hostage". He also said that the Danish government's thoughts goes to the victims and relatives, as well as those still being held as hostages. [73]
  •  Germany - Chancellor Angela Merkel wrote to India: "I was appalled to hear the shocking news about the terror attacks on your country. As well as the sad fate of the many dead I'm particularly moved by the terrible situation of those who've been taken hostage. The Federal Republic strongly condemns these criminal acts. I would like to express my deepest sympathy to you and the people of your country. In this difficult hour our thoughts are with the victims and their loved ones. I wish the injured from the bottom of my heart a quick recovery."[68]
  •  India - In a televised address, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said India will “go after” individuals and organizations behind the terrorist attacks, which were “well-planned with external linkages.”[74] In addition, he said: "The well-planned and very orchestrated attacks, probably with external linkages, were intended to create a sense of panic by choosing high-profile targets and indiscriminately killing innocent foreigners," Singh said in a televised address to the nation.[68] Leader of opposition L K Advani has asked people of India to stay united during this time of emergency.[75]
  •  Indonesia - "The government of Indonesia strongly condemns the terrorist attacks in Mumbai, India. The terrorist attacks are cruel and inhumane acts," the foreign ministry said in a statement. "The government of Indonesia conveys its deepest condolences to the government of India and the victims along with their families, and hopes that the perpetrators could be swiftly arrested and be brought to justice."[76]
  •  Iran - "In a statement, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman expressed the deepest sympathy of the Iranian people and government toward the Indian nation and the families of the victims."[77]
  •  Israel - Foreign Minister and Acting Prime Minister Tzipi Livni said: "I condemn the terror attack that is still ongoing in Mumbai it is another painful testimony that terrorism is the main challenge that Israel and the International community are dealing with."[68]
  •  Japan - Prime Minister Taro Aso said the attacks were utterly unforgivable, vicious and heinous.[70]
  •  Kuwait - The government "strongly condemned" the attacks.[68]
  •  Malaysia - The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying "The Government of Malaysia condemns in the strongest terms, the horrific terrorist attacks on a number of major public places at the heart of Mumbai. It is our hope that the perpetrators of these heinous and despicable crimes would be expeditiously brought to justice."[80]
  •  Norway - Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg stated "The Norwegian government condemns in the strongest possible terms the terrorist attacks that has taken place in Mumbai, India, and our thoughts goes to all those affected and their relatives. We denounce this type of terrorist attacks. We have already sent a message from the Norwegian government, and I have as well sent a personal message to Prime Minister Singh with a personal message, in which we express our condolences and and sympathies with the Indian people. We express our support to the work the Indian government now does to help the injured, what has happened and apprehend those responsible for the terrorist attack".[81]
  •  Pakistan - Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani condemned the attacks, saying "Our grieves [sic] are with the families and friends of those killed and injured. Pakistan and India will continue their joint struggles to counter the actions of terrorists."[82] In addition, the foreign minister condemned the attacks, saying: "Terrorism is a menace threatening humanity and humanity should join hands in fighting this scourge. Pakistan condemns terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. Pakistan itself has suffered because of terrorism and sacrificed much in fighting this threat. The foreign minister also expressed deep condolences with the bereaved families."[68]
  •  Philippines - The Philippine government, through Deputy Spokesperson Anthony Golez, condemned the attacks in Mumbai. In a press statement, he said: “We condemn these terroristic attacks against mankind and we will be united with the entire Indian nation and the rest of the world in its quest to end terrorism the soonest possible time."[83] No Filipino nationals had been attacked in Mumbai, according to the Department of Foreign Affairs.[84]
  •  Russia - President Dmitry Medvedev said "We are concerned about the loss of life and consider that acts of terrorism of this type are harmful to the whole international order and are a challenge to humanity."[85]
  •  South Africa - "The South African government extends its condolences to the government and people of India following a spate of attacks on a number of hotels, hospital and a restaurant in Mumbai on Wednesday, 26 November, which left a number of people dead and wounded while others have been taken hostage."[68]
  •  South Korea - "The South Korean government denounces terrorism as a crime against civilization and against mankind that can be never tolerated," said Foreign Ministry spokesman Moon Tae-young.[86]
  •  Singapore - In a press release, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore said that "Singapore strongly condemns the attacks. We would like to convey our deepest condolences to the victims, their families, the Government of India and its people. The Mumbai attacks underscore the common terrorist threat that we continue to face today. Singapore stands firmly behind the Indian Government in its fight against terrorism."[87]
  •  Sri Lanka - President Mahinda Rajapaksa said: "My government and I hasten to condemn most vehemently the brutal acts of terrorism that killed more than 100 persons and injured many more in the attacks carried out in the Indian city of Mumbai last night. Our thoughts to go out to the families of those killed and injured and in these acts of terror; we express our deepest sympathies to the families of the deceased and wish a speedy recovery to those injured and the safe and early release of hostages. The attacks on leading hotels, hospitals and public transport in Mumbai, the business and financial capital of India, show that the terrorists are targeting an important sector of the Indian economy, with a view (to) destabilizing democracy in India."[68]
  •  Turkey - "Turkey stands together with the Republic of India and the Indian nation against the trouble of terrorism which is the enemy of all mankind and it shares their sorrow and anger," the ministry's statement said. "Terrorism is a crime against humanity. An effective fight against terrorism is possible only by the help of international cooperation and solidarity," Recep Tayyip Erdogan said. "The attacks in Mumbai once again showed that terror has no religion, nationality and country," Gul added, "Turkey, as a country that wishes to strengthen relations with India in the fight against terror, share the pain of the friendly Indian people."[88]
  •  United Kingdom - British Prime Minister Gordon Brown condemned the attacks, saying that "today's attacks in Mumbai which have claimed many innocent victims, remind us, yet again, of the threat we face from violent extremists. I condemn these attacks unreservedly. Our thoughts are with the families and friends of those killed and injured. The UK and India will continue their joint efforts to counter the actions of terrorists."[89] Foreign Secretary David Milliband also condemned the attacks.[citation needed]
  •  United States - The U.S. State Department immediately condemned the attacks, stating that there so far have been no reports of American casualties.[90] Spokesman Robert Wood said: "We strongly condemn the terrorist attacks that have taken place in Mumbai, India. Our sympathies go out to the families and friends of those killed and injured, and to the people of Mumbai. We are monitoring the situation very closely and stand ready to support the Indian authorities as they deal with this horrific series of attacks."[68] White House spokesman Tony Fratto also condemned the attacks.[91]
  •  Vatican City – Pope Benedict XVI condemns "brutal attacks" in Mumbai.[92] He has also asked the Archbishop of Bombay Oswald Gracias to "kindly to convey his heartfelt condolences to the families of those who have lost their lives in these brutal attacks, and to assure the public authorities, citizens and all those affected of his spiritual closeness. His Holiness urgently appeals for an end to all acts of terrorism, which gravely offend the human family and severely destabilize the peace and solidarity needed to build a civilization worthy of mankind's noble vocation to love God and neighbor. The Holy Father prays for the repose of the souls of the victims and implores God's gift of strength and comfort for those who are injured and in mourning."[68]

Other

  • Shane Warne, Captain of Rajasthan Royals, another team scheduled to play in the Twenty20 Champions League poured doubt on his team's participation saying, "I don't think we will be going (to India) now - why would you? It is just not worth the risk. No amount of money is worth the risk with what is going on over there at the moment."[94]

International Airlines

  • Many international airlines temporarily discontinued operations to Mumbai in the interest of passenger and crew safety.[95] In addition, Delta Air Lines is safeguarding employees stuck in Mumbai, and cancelling all planned flights to Mumbai, except one plane to pick up the employees.[96]

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  85. ^ Mumbai shootings: Reaction in quotes
  86. ^ "S. Korea condemns terrorist attacks in Mumbai". The Star. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |curly= ignored (help)
  87. ^ "MFA Press Statement on the Mumbai Terrorist Attacks and Hostage Situation" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-27. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  88. ^ "Turkey condemns deadly India attacks". The Star. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |curly= ignored (help)
  89. ^ PM condemns Mumbai attacks
  90. ^ At Least 82 Dead in India Terror Attacks
  91. ^ At least 82 killed as gunmen rampage in India city
  92. ^ International Herald Tribune
  93. ^ "England call off India one-dayers". BBC News. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  94. ^ "Cricket doubt amid India violence". BBC News. 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  95. ^ Mumbai Notebook: Businesses Account for Employees in Mumbai. Retrieved on November 26, 2008.
  96. ^ Delta tries to safeguard U.S. employees in Mumbai. Retrieved on November 27, 2008.
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