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User:Jomeara421/Ottawa Class

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Classification

Ottawa is a dialect of the Ojibwa language, a member of the Algonquian language family. Algonquian is itself a member of the Algic language family, the other Algic languages being Wiyot and Yurok.

Proto-Algonquian is the reconstructed ancestor language from which the daughter languages descend. The consensus view of the history of the Algonquian family is that there is one recognized genetic subgroup, Eastern Algonquian, from which approximately seventeen Eastern Algonquian languages descend, and that the remaining Algonquian languages descend directly from Proto-Algonquian.

Ojibwe is conventionally described as a Central Algonquian language, along with Fox, Cree, Menominee, Miami-Illinois, Potawatomi, and Shawnee. Central Algonquian is a geographical term of convenience, and its use does not entail that the Central languages descend from an intermediate common genetic subgroup.

Ojibwe is spoken in a series of dialects in the region surrounding the Great Lakes, in Ontario, Minnesota, and Michigan, with other dialects in northwestern Québec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and a few communities in Alberta. While there is some variation in the classification of Ojibwe dialects, at a minimum the following are recognized, going approximately west to east: Western Ojibwe, Southwestern Ojibwa/Chippewa, Northwestern Ojibwa, Severn Ojibwa (Oji-Cree), Ottawa (Odawa), Eastern Ojibwa, Algonquin. Based upon contemporary field research, Valentine (1994) also recognizes several other dialects: Berens River in northwestern Ontario, North of (Lake) Superior, and Nipissing, although the latter two cover approximately the same territory as Central Ojibwa, which he does not recognize.[1]

Ottawa is generally recognized as one of the Ojibwe dialects that have innovated the most, along with Severn Ojibwa and Algonquin.

Ojibwe and Potawatomi are conventionally viewed as being more closely related to each than to other Algonquian languages.[2] Ojibwe and Potawatomi have been proposed as ‘likely candidates’ for forming a genetic subgroup within Proto-Algonquian. However, the required research to ascertain the subgroup status of a hypothetical “Ojibwe-Potawatomi” subgroup has not yet been undertaken.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, p. 456
  2. ^ Goddard, Ives, 1978, pp. 585-586; Valentine, J. Randolph, 1994, pp. 100-102
  3. ^ Goddard, Ives, 1994

References

  • Goddard, Ives. 1978. "Central Algonquian Languages." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15, Northeast, pp. 583-587. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1979. “Comparative Algonquian.” Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun, eds, The languages of Native America, pp. 70-132. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1994. "The West-to-East Cline in Algonquian Dialectology." William Cowan, ed., Papers of the 25th Algonquian Conference, pp. 187-211. Ottawa: Carleton University.
  • Goddard, Ives. 1996. "Introduction." Ives Goddard, ed., The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 17. Languages, pp. 1-16. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution.
  • Rhodes, Richard. 1976. “A preliminary report on the dialects of Eastern Ojibwa-Odawa.” W. Cowan, ed., "Papers of the seventh Algonquian conference," pp. 129-156. Ottawa: Carleton University.
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