Jump to content

University of Notre Dame

Coordinates: 41°42′11″N 86°14′20″W / 41.702995°N 86.238972°W / 41.702995; -86.238972
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Imalegend (talk | contribs) at 04:05, 11 February 2009 (→See also). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other universities and colleges named "Notre Dame", see [[:Notre Dame]].
University of Notre Dame du Lac
Seal of the University of Notre Dame
Latin: Universitas Dominae Nostrae a Lacu
MottoVita, Dulcedo, Spes
Motto in English
Life, Sweetness, Hope
TypePrivate, Coeducational
Established1842
AffiliationRoman Catholic, Congregation of Holy Cross
EndowmentUS$7 billion[1]
PresidentRev. John I. Jenkins, CSC
ProvostThomas Burish
Academic staff
1241[2]
Students11,603[3]
Undergraduates8,352
Postgraduates3,251
Location
Notre Dame
,
Indiana
,
USA

41°42′11″N 86°14′20″W / 41.702995°N 86.238972°W / 41.702995; -86.238972
CampusSuburban: 1,250 acres (5.1 km2)
ColorsBlue and Gold[4]    
NicknameFighting Irish
AffiliationsIndependent, Big East Conference, CCHA
MascotLeprechaun
Websitewww.nd.edu

The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame) (/ˌnoʊtɚˈdeɪm/) is a private Roman Catholic research university located in Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. It was founded by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also the school's first president. It was established as an all-male institution on November 26, 1842, in an area first settled as a mission by Father Claude-Jean Allouez S.J. in 1686. The university first enrolled women in 1972, and 47 percent of the student body is female.[5] Notre Dame's Catholic heritage is evident in the architecture around campus, manifested by the ornate Basilica of the Sacred Heart, together with numerous chapels and religious iconography.

The university today is organized into five colleges and one professional school, the oldest of which, the College of Arts and Letters, began awarding degrees in 1849. The undergraduate program was ranked 18th among national universities by U.S. News & World Report for 2008-2009.[6] Notre Dame has a comprehensive graduate program with 32 master's and 25 doctoral degree programs.[7][8] Additionally, the university's library system is one of the 100 largest in the United States.

More than 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 28 single-sex residence halls, each of which fields teams for more than a dozen intramural sports. Notre Dame's approximately 120,000 alumni are located around the world.[9]

Notre Dame is also known for its sports programs, especially its football team. The sports teams are members of the NCAA Division I, and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish, a name it adopted in the 1920s. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, and sixty-two members in the College Football Hall of Fame. Additionally, other sport teams, most members of the Big East Conference, have accumulated 18 national championships.

History

Foundations

The university's historic "God-quad" (nicknamed for the Basilica of the Sacred Heart) and the "Golden Dome" of the administration building are visible. Many of the oldest buildings on campus are around this area.

According to correspondence of the early French Jesuit missionaries, one of the first missions in northern Indiana was founded for the Potawatomi and Miami Indians on the St. Joseph River in about the year 1685. In 1686 Father Claude-Jean Allouez S.J. built the first log chapel in Indian Territory on the shore of the St. Mary's Lake, establishing a mission post known as the St. Joseph Mission. The missionaries were later forced to neglect the region for over fifty years due to the French and Indian Wars and the suppression of the Society of Jesus.[10]

The Potawatomi elders remembered the faith taught to them by the missionaries, and in 1830 Leopold Pokagon appealed to Father Gabriel Richard of Detroit to send him a Catholic priest to help convert the younger members of his tribe.[11] Father Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, returned with Pokagon to establish a mission school for the Indian children. In 1831, he purchased 524 acres (212 ha) of land at St. Mary's Lake in St. Joseph County to establish an orphan asylum. A chapel was erected near the present site of the Log Chapel, but the orphanage idea was abandoned, and in 1835 Father Badin transferred all this property to Bishop Simon Bruté of the Dioceses of Vincennes. Following his death in 1839, the new bishop, Father Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, transferred the property to Father Ferdinand Bach of the Fathers of Mercy in 1840 for the purpose of establishing a college there, but this attempt was unsuccessful. However, Father Bach procured another 375 acres (152 ha) of land from Father Badin, and both land titles returned to the Dioceses.[10]

In 1842, Guynemer de la Hailandière offered the original 524 acres (212 ha) to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a university in two years or the land title would revert back to the Dioceses.[12] Sorin traveled to the site with eight brothers and began the school using Badin's old log chapel. They immediately acquired two students from the day of their arrival, Theodore Coquillard, the son of one of the South Bend's founders, and Clement Reckers, and set about building additions to the campus. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school, but soon received its official university charter from the Indiana General Assembly on January 15, 1844 after a push by State Senator John Defrees.[13] Under the charter the school is officially named the University of Notre Dame du Lac, which means University of Our Lady of the Lake. Though the word Lac is singular, the university's campus actually contains two lakes. According to a legend, when Sorin arrived at the school, everything was frozen. He thought there was only one lake and named the university accordingly.[14] Although the university was originally only for male students, the female-only Saint Mary's College was founded by the Sisters of the Holy Cross near Notre Dame in 1844.[15]

Early history

More students attended the college and the first degrees were awarded in 1849.[16] Additionally, the university was expanded with new buildings allowing more students and faculty to live, study, and eat at the university.[13] With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings were built to accommodate these programs. The original Main Building Sorin built just after Fr. Sorin arrived was replaced by a larger "Main Building" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Beginning in 1873, a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier. By 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building. This Main Building, and the library collection, was destroyed by a fire in April of 1879; however, it was rebuilt before the next school year.[17] The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards.[18] Around the time of the fire, a Music Hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school.[19] By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.[20] By 1890, individual residence halls were built to house the increasing number of students.[21]

Notre Dame's administration building, featuring the famous golden dome topped by a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Co-educational institution

Notre Dame continued to grow over the years adding more colleges, programs, and even sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce,[22] Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school.[23] The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president until 1972. At that time, then-president Father Theodore Hesburgh made the decision to admit women into the university.[24] Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year,[25][26] while two others were converted for the next school year.[27][28] The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing.[24]

Modern

Currently Notre Dame is led by Father John I. Jenkins, the 17th president of the university.[29] Jenkins took over the position from Father Edward Malloy, on July 1, 2005.[30] In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies.[31] In addition to Jenkins' leadership, the university is governed by two groups, Fellows of the University and a Board of Trustees.[32] These groups help to maintain the bylaws of the university and also elect officials for the university.[33] Finally, the provost of the university, currently Dr. Thomas Burish, works under the president to oversee many of the academic activities and functions of the university.[34]

Campus

A statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary at the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes on campus

Notre Dame's campus is located in Notre Dame, Indiana, an unincorporated community in north Indiana, just north of South Bend and four miles (6 km) from the Michigan state line.[35] Development of the campus began in the spring of 1843 when Father Sorin and some of his congregation built the "Old College", a building used for dormitories, a bakery, and a classroom. A year later, after an architect arrived, a small "Main Building" was built allowing for the launch of the college.[13] Today the campus lies on 1,250 acres (5.1 km2) just south of the Indiana Toll Road and includes 138 buildings located on quads throughout the campus.[36]

Close up of the famous Golden Dome, which sits atop the main building

A number of the buildings that Father Sorin built still stand on the campus, while others have been replaced. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross.[37]The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college and the Main Building, after a fire destroyed parts of it, has become home to Notre Dame's administration. There are two lakes located on campus, and near the lakes is the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896 as a replica of the original in Lourdes, France.[38]

New buildings

The university continues to expand and add new buildings each year. Since 2004, many buildings have been built —- the most prominent being the Debartolo Performing Arts Center,[39] the Guglielmino Complex,[40] and the Jordan Hall of Science.[41] Additionally, a new male residence hall, Duncan Hall, began construction on March 8, 2007,[42] and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall is currently under construction, and will house undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building and a law school addition are also currently under construction.[43]

London Centre

The university has had a presence in London since 1968. Since 1998, its London Centre has been based in the former United University Club at 1, Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square. The Centre enables the Colleges of Arts & Letters, Business Administration, Science, Engineering and the Law School to develop their own programs in London.[44]

Academics

File:Notre dame coat of arms.png
The university's Coat of Arms

As of fall 2006, Notre Dame has a student body population of 11,603 total students and employs 1241 full-time faculty members and another 166 part-time members to give a student/faculty ratio of 13:1.[2] Named by Newsweek as one of the "25 New Ivies",[45] it is also an Oak Ridge Associated University.[46]

Colleges

The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849.[16] The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University.[47] Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall,[48] includes 21 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degrees in over 40 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. There are around 2,500 undergraduates and 750 graduates enrolled in the college.[49]

The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by then-president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses.[50] Today the college, housed in the newly-built Jordan Hall of Science,[51] includes over 1,200 undergraduates in five departments of study — biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, and pre-professional studies — each awarding Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees.[52] According to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States.[53]

The School of Architecture was established in 1899,[54] although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898.[55] Today the school, housed in Bond Hall,[56] offers a five year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. One year of study is completed in Rome by all students enrolled in the school.[57]

The College of Engineering was established in 1920,[58] however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s.[59] Today the college, housed in the Cushing Hall of Engineering,[60] includes five departments of study — aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering — with eight B.S. degrees offered. Additionally, the college offers five year dual degree programs with the Colleges of Arts and Letters and of Business awarding additional B.A. and Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees, respectively.[61]

The Mendoza College of Business was established by Father John Francis O'Hara in 1921, although a foreign commerce program was launched in 1917.[62] Today the college offers degrees in accountancy, finance, management, and marketing and enrolls over 1,600 students.[63]

All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. Each student is given an academic advisor from the program who helps them to choose classes that give them exposure to any major in which they are interested.[64] The program also includes a Learning Resource Center which provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring.[65] This program has been recognized previously, by U.S. News & World Report, as outstanding.[66]

Graduate and professional schools

The exterior of the Notre Dame Law School

The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (Ph.D.) degrees.[67] Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer Ph.D. programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer Ph.D. programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer Ph.D. programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program.[68] Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.[69]

In addition to the programs offered by each of the colleges, the Notre Dame Law School offers a professional program for students. Established in 1869, Notre Dame was the first Catholic university in the United States to have a law program.[23] Today the program has consistently ranked among the top law schools in the nation according to US News and World Report.[70] The Law School grants the professional Juris Doctor degree as well as the graduate LL.M. and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees.[68] Currently, the law school is experiencing an expansion that will double the size of its learning space and is expected to be in operation for the Spring 2009 semester. It is the only accredited American law school to offer a full year of study abroad in London.[citation needed]

The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers Ph.D., Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's founder Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.[71]

Libraries

File:HesburghLibrary.jpg
Theodore Hesburgh Library, with the Word of Life mural, popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus"

The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the fourteen-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books.[72] The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural. This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.[73][74] The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, the Life Sciences, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business and the Kellogg/Kroc Institute for Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall.[75] The library system holds over three-million volumes and is one of the top–100 largest libraries in the country.[76]

Rankings

See also: College and university rankings
Academic rankings
National
U.S. News & World Report[77]18th
Global
ARWU[78]201 to 302 segment
THE[79]168th

As of 2008. Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's best colleges.[80] U.S. News and World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall, and the Gourman Report, which is published by The Princeton Review, ranks the Law School at 18th.[70] BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business graduate school as 20th overall.[81] Additionally, The Washington Monthly ranked the university 13th nationally in its 2006 edition.[82] BusinessWeek also ranked the undergraduate business program as 3rd nationally.[83] The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranked Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 13th nationally,[84] while ARCHITECT Magazine, ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally.[85] Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries.[86]

Research

Notre Dame has a long history of scientific research. In 1882, Professor Albert Zahm built the first wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. Also, in 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene.[87] Additionally, nuclear physics study at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936.[88]

Today, research continues in many fields, as the current university president, Father Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. [31] The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns.[89] Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, [90][91]genome mapping,[92] the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China,[93] studies in fluid mechanics,[94] and marketing trends on the Internet.[95]

Endowment

Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by then-president of the university, Father James Burns, and increased to $7 million by 1952 when Father Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000 it returned a record 57.9% investment.[96] For the 2007 fiscal year, the endowment had grown to approximately $6.5 billion, putting the university in the top–15 largest endowments in the country.[1] As of September, 2008, Notre Dame's endowment has grown to over $7 billion.[97]

Students

The Notre Dame student body consists of 11,603 students, with 8,352 undergraduates and 3,251 graduate and professional students.[3] Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni,[98] and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries.[3] The Princeton Review ranks the school as the fifth highest "dream school" for parents to send their children.[99] The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity,[100] and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative".[101] However, it has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine ranks the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos,[102] and the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognizes the university for raising enrollment of African-American students.[103] With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program has been named by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country,[104] while The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports".[105] The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year,[106] while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.[107]

Residence halls

Main article: List of residence halls at the University of Notre Dame

About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus.[3] The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 28 residence halls.[108] Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 13 female dorms.[109] The university enforces a visitation policy (known as parietals) on those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit, however, most residence halls have 24 hour social spaces in which parietals are not enforced. There are no fraternities or sororities at the university, but many students live in the same residence hall for all four years fostering a similar sense of community. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football.[110]

The Basilica of the Sacred Heart on Notre Dame's campus

Religious life

With the university affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross, its Catholic identity permeates into student life. More than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of them being Catholic.[111] The Basilica of the Sacred Heart is on campus and each residence hall has a chapel. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus.[110] There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix.[100] There are many religious clubs at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Communion and Liberation of Notre Dame, Baptist Collegiate Ministry, Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship and many more. The Notre Dame KOC are known for being the first collegiate council of KOC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge.[112]

Student-run media

Like most universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news.[113] The Observer is staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College, the women's college located nearby. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer, however all three are distributed to all students.[114] The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24 hour channel with original programming by September 2006.[115] The radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM, however, has since been airing independently on the Internet.[116] Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876,[117] the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork.[114] The Dome yearbook is published annually. In Spring 2008 the undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, will make its debut.[citation needed]

Community Development

Eddy Street Commons

The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 Million dollar development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the University broke ground on June 3, 2008. [118] [119]

Alumni

Main articles: List of University of Notre Dame alumni and List of University of Notre Dame athletes

Notre Dame alumni number near 120,000,[120] and are members of 275 alumni clubs around the world.[121] Many alumni give yearly monetary support to the university, with a school-record 53.2% giving some donation in 2006.[122] Many buildings on campus are named for those whose donations allowed their building, including residence halls,[123][124] classroom buildings,[125] and the performing arts center.[39]

Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors,[126] members of the United States Congress,[127] and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.[128] A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, Rev. John Jenkins.[129] Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue,[130][131] and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm.[132][133] With the university having high profile sports teams, a number of alumni became a part of sports teams, including professional baseball, basketball, and football players, such as Joe Montana,[134] Megan Duffy,[135], Jeff Samardzija,[136], Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, current collegiate head football coaches, such as Notre Dame coach Charlie Weis,[137] and former football coaches, such as Knute Rockne.[138] Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.[139][140].

Athletics

The ND monogram is the logo for the university's athletic teams
Main article: Notre Dame Fighting Irish

Notre Dame's NCAA Division I teams are known as the Fighting Irish. This name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus Francis Wallace in his New York Daily News columns.[141] The official colors of Notre Dame are "madonna blue" and "papal gold,"[142] which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. In addition, the color green is often worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname.[143] The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by Theodore W. Drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. The leprechaun was featured on the cover of Time in November of 1964 and gained national exposure.[144]

The university offers 26 varsity sports, 13 each for men and women.[145] 21 of these teams compete in the Big East Conference,[146] while football is Independent,[147] both fencing teams are in the Midwest Fencing Conference,[148] the hockey team is in the Central Collegiate Hockey Association,[149] and the men's lacrosse team is in the Great Western Lacrosse League.[150] The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial.[151] The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell.[152] According to “College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology” published in 1998, the “Notre Dame Victory March” ranks as the greatest fight song of all time. [citation needed]

Football

Main article: Notre Dame Fighting Irish football
Notre Dame Stadium on the university campus

The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students.[153] In the long history since then, 13 Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11),[145] along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source.[154] Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame,[155][156] is tied with the University of Southern California(USC) and Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won,[157] and have the second highest winning percentage in NCAA history.[158] With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as the second greatest college football rivalry ever.[159]

Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795 seat stadium on campus.[160] The team is coached by Charlie Weis who was named as coach on December 12, 2004,[137] and is currently signed to coach until 2015.[161] After three years coaching the Irish, Weis has accumulated a 22–15 record,[162] and led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games.[163] However, the 2007 team had the most losses ever for the school.[164] The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.[165]

Men's basketball

Main article: Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball

The men's basketball team has over 1,600 wins, one of only 12  schools who have reached that mark, and have appeared in 28 NCAA tournaments.[166] Former player, Austin Carr, holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the tournament with 61.[167] Although the team has never won the NCAA Tournament, they were named by the Helms Athletic Foundation as national champions twice.[166] The team has orchestrated a number of upsets of number one ranked teams, the most notable of which was ending UCLA's record 88 game winning streak in 1974.[168] The team has beaten an additional eight number one teams, and those nine wins rank second, to UCLA's 10, all-time in wins against the top team.[166] Currently, the team plays in the 11,418 seat, Edmund P. Joyce Center.[169] The team is coached by Mike Brey, who, as of the 2006–07 season, his seventh, has achieved a 142–78 record.[170]

Other sports

See also: Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey

Notre Dame has been successful in other sports besides football, with an additional 14 national championships in various sports. Three teams have won multiple national championships with the fencing team leading them with seven,[171] followed by the men's tennis and women's soccer teams each with two.[172][173] Also, the men's cross country,[174] men's golf,[175] and women's basketball teams each won one in their histories.[176] Additionally, in the first ten years that Notre Dame competed in the Big East Conference its teams won a total of 64 championships.[177] In 2006-07, Notre Dame's men's ice hockey season finished the regular season ranked #1. The following year, they made it all the way to the National Championship Game in Denver, CO, only to fall 4-1 to Boston College in the final. As of January 28, 2008, Irish hockey was ranked #1 in the nation.

Fight song

Main article: Notre Dame Victory March

The "Notre Dame Victory March" (also popularly known as The Joe Montana theme song and later, The Rudy Ruettiger theme song) is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame. It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates. The Rev. Michael J. Shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, John F. Shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. The lyrics were revised in the 1920s, it first appeared under the copyright of the University of Notre Dame in 1928.

The chorus of the song is one of the most recognizable collegiate fight songs in the United States, and was ranked first among fight songs by Northern Illinois University Professor William Studwell, who remarked it was "more borrowed, more famous and, frankly, you just hear it more." [178]

In the film Knute Rockne, All American, Knute Rockne (played by Pat O'Brien) delivers the fictional "Win one for the Gipper" speech, at which point the background music swells with the Notre Dame Victory March. Drawing from this reference, the song has been used in mass media in situations that seemed to compel an inspirational "halftime speech". The "Win one for the Gipper" speech was parodied in the 1980 movie Airplane! when, with the Victory March rising to a crescendo in the background, Dr. Rumak, played by Leslie Nielson, urged reluctant pilot Ted Striker, played by Robert Hays, to "win one for the Zipper", Striker's war buddy, George Zipp. The Victory March also plays during the film's credits. The song also was prominent in the movie Rudy, an account of the life of Daniel "Rudy" Ruettiger who harbored dreams of playing football at the University of Notre Dame despite significant obstacles. The Dropkick Murphys released an instrumental version of the Victory March, called "Victory" with the single Walk Away and subsequently with their collection, Singles Collection, Volume 2.

The song was used in the 20th season of The Simpsons in an episode called Double, Double, Boy in Trouble, as a reference to Joe Montana, an alum of Notre Dame, who made a brief cameo in that episode.

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Riely, Kaitlynn (2008-09-26). "Endowment valued at over $7 billion in 2008". The Observer. South Bend, Indiana. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
  2. ^ a b "About Notre Dame: Profile: Faculty". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  3. ^ a b c d "About Notre Dame: Profile: Students". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  4. ^ Corson, Dorothy V. "The Spirit of Notre Dame: Notre Dame Legends and Lore: Mary and the School Colors". Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  5. ^ "Overview - University of Notre Dame: News & Information". Retrieved 2009-02-07.
  6. ^ "America's Best Colleges 2009: National Universities". U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
  7. ^ "Carnegie Classifications: University of Notre Dame". The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  8. ^ "The Graduate School: Quick facts" (PDF). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  9. ^ ND Alumni Association - Notre Dame Alumni Association
  10. ^ a b Hope, C.S.C., Arthur J. (1979) [1948]. "III". Notre Dame: One Hundred Years (2 ed.). Notre Dame, IN: University Press. ISBN 089651501X.
  11. ^ Langer, Peter (2006). Slumbering Echoes: Potawatomi Indians, Catholic Priests, and the University of Notre Dame du Lac, 1830–1852. University of Notre Dame Archives.
  12. ^ "Founding Information". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  13. ^ a b c Hope, C.S.C., Arthur J. (1979) [1948]. "IV". Notre Dame: One Hundred Years (2 ed.). Notre Dame, IN: University Press. ISBN 089651501X.
  14. ^ Cohen, Ed (Autumn 2004). "One lake or two?". The Notre Dame Magazine. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
  15. ^ "Saint Mary's at a Glance". Saint Mary's College. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  16. ^ a b Hope, C.S.C., Arthur J. (1979) [1948]. "V". Notre Dame: One Hundred Years (2 ed.). Notre Dame, IN: University Press. ISBN 089651501X.
  17. ^ "The Story of Notre Dame: Main Building". University of Notre Dame Archives. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  18. ^ "The Story of Notre Dame: Lemmonier Library". University of Notre Dame Archives. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  19. ^ "The Story of Notre Dame: Washington Hall". University of Notre Dame Archives. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  20. ^ "The Story of Notre Dame: Science Hall". University of Notre Dame Archives. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  21. ^ "The Story of Notre Dame: Sorin Hall". University of Notre Dame Archives. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  22. ^ "The Story of Notre Dame: Academic Development of Notre Dame: Chapter IV - The College of Commerce". University of Notre Dame Archives. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  23. ^ a b "History of Notre Dame Law School". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  24. ^ a b Sienko, Angela (October 2007). "A hardcover thank-you card". Notre Dame Magazine. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  25. ^ "BADIN HALL". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  26. ^ "WALSH HALL". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  27. ^ "BREEN-PHILLIPS HALL". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  28. ^ "FARLEY HALL". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  29. ^ "About Notre Dame: Officer Group Bios: Rev. John I. Jenkins, C.S.C." University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  30. ^ Heninger, Claire (May 1, 2004). "Monk moves on: Jenkins will succeed Malloy after June 2005". The Observer. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  31. ^ a b "Fr. John I. Jenkins Inaugural Address". University of Notre Dame. September 23, 2005. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  32. ^ "Leadership". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  33. ^ "Leadership: Fellows". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  34. ^ "Office of the Provost". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  35. ^ "About Notre Dame". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  36. ^ "Resources:Campus and Physical Facilities". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  37. ^ "Old College Program". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
  38. ^ "Tour Highlights". University of Notre Dame Alumni Association. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
  39. ^ a b "DeBartolo Performing Arts Center History". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  40. ^ "The Guglielmino Complex". University of Notre Dame. October 14, 2005. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  41. ^ Newbart, Dave (December 3, 2007). "'Huge leap forward' for Notre Dame". Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  42. ^ Chapla, Shannon (March 5, 2007). "Gift from Ray Duncan to fund new residence hall; Groundbreaking ceremony set for March 8". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  43. ^ Brown, Dennis (February 6, 2007). "Construction on new engineering building to begin in November on Notre Dame Avenue". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  44. ^ "University of Notre Dame London Centre". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
  45. ^ "25 New Ivies". Newsweek. August 21, 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  46. ^ "ORAU Consortium Members". ORAU.org. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  47. ^ "About Notre Dame: The Early Days". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  48. ^ "Campus and Community: Virtual Tours". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  49. ^ "About Arts and Letters". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  50. ^ Hope, C.S.C., Arthur J. (1979) [1948]. "IX". Notre Dame: One Hundred Years (2 ed.). Notre Dame, IN: University Press. ISBN 089651501X.
  51. ^ "Jordan Hall of Science". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  52. ^ "College of Science: About us". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  53. ^ "Profile". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
  54. ^ Hope, C.S.C., Arthur J. (1979) [1948]. "XIX". Notre Dame: One Hundred Years (2 ed.). Notre Dame, IN: University Press. ISBN 089651501X.
  55. ^ "Inside the School". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  56. ^ "Campus and Community: Virtual Tours". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  57. ^ "Academic Programs". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  58. ^ Moore, Philip S. "The Story of Notre Dame: Academic Development of Notre Dame: Chapter 3: The College of Engineering". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  59. ^ Hope, C.S.C., Arthur J. (1979) [1948]. "XV". Notre Dame: One Hundred Years (2 ed.). Notre Dame, IN: University Press. ISBN 089651501X.
  60. ^ "Campus and Community: Virtual Tours". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  61. ^ "COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEGREES OFFERED". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  62. ^ "HISTORY OF THE MENDOZA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  63. ^ "Mendoza College of Business: Programs". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  64. ^ "Message From the Dean". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  65. ^ "The Learning Resource Center". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  66. ^ "Programs to Look For" (PDF). U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  67. ^ Moore, Philip S. "The Story of Notre Dame: Academic Development of Notre Dame: Chapter 6: The Graduate School". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  68. ^ a b "Graduate and Professional Programs". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  69. ^ "Teacher Formation Program". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  70. ^ a b "America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Law Schools". US News and World Report. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  71. ^ History & Mission, Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
  72. ^ "Theodore M. Hesburgh Library". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  73. ^ "Word of Life Mural". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  74. ^ Brennan, Kevin (September 27, 2006). "Road Trip - Notre Dame". Sports Illustrated On Campus. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  75. ^ "Library Services". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  76. ^ "The Nation's Largest Libraries". American Library Association. 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  77. ^ "2024-2025 Best National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. September 23, 2024. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  78. ^ "2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities". ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. August 15, 2024. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
  79. ^ "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education. September 27, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  80. ^ "Best Colleges-Education". US News and World Report. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  81. ^ "Business School Rankings & Profiles". Business Week. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  82. ^ "The Washington Monthly College Rankings". The Washington Monthly. 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
  83. ^ "Business School Rankings and Profiles". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  84. ^ "Overall Rankings". The Philosophical Gourmet Report. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  85. ^ Cramer, James P. (November 1, 2007). "The Top U.S. Architecture Schools". ARCHITECT Magazine. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Text "accessdate-2007-12-07" ignored (help)
  86. ^ Chapla, Shannon (November 12, 2007). "Study abroad programs rank sixth nationally". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  87. ^ "History of Research at Notre Dame". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
  88. ^ "70 Years of Nuclear Physics at Notre Dame" (PDF). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
  89. ^ "Research Institutes and Centers". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  90. ^ Gilroy, William G. (February 2006). "New studies confirm impact of parental conflict on children's future development". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  91. ^ Deveau, Scott (September 2006). "Marital conflict beats up kids". globeandmail.com. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  92. ^ Gilroy, William G. (June 2007). "Biologist David Severson helps map yellow fever/dengue mosquito genome". Lumen Magazine. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  93. ^ Friess, Steve (July 2006). "The Rising Trade Deficit With China - A Different Perspective". Lumen Magazine. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  94. ^ "Corke Honored for Research Achievements". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  95. ^ "RESEARCH: Study explores online marketing of food to children". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  96. ^ "Endowment History". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
  97. ^ <"Endowment valued at over $7 billion in 2008". The Observer. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  98. ^ Golden, Daniel. "What We're Reading: College Admissions Corrupted". Education Sector. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  99. ^ "Princeton Review's "College Hopes & Worries" Survey Reports Top 10 "Dream Colleges" of Student Applicants & of Parents". The Princeton Review. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  100. ^ a b Dix, Tara (October 30, 1998). "Living the faith at Notre Dame - the value of a Notre Dame Univ. education despite unreasonable polices and restrictions". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  101. ^ "University of Notre Dame". The Princeton Review. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  102. ^ Garcia, Kimberly (2004). "The Top 25 Colleges for Latinos". Hispanic Magazine. Retrieved 2007-12-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  103. ^ Brown, Dennis (November 8, 2006). "Increase in black freshmen at Notre Dame rated among best in nation". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
  104. ^ "Notre Dame Named Best Intramural Athletic Program In The Country". University of Notre Dame. April 8, 2004. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  105. ^ "PRINCETON REVIEW'S ANNUAL COLLEGE RANKINGS BASED ON 120,000 STUDENT SURVEYS NOW OUT IN "BEST 366 COLLEGES - 2008 EDITION"". The Princeton Review. August 20, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  106. ^ "General Information". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  107. ^ Retter, Eric (March 18, 2005). "BENGAL BOUTS: From Nappy to Now". The Observer. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  108. ^ "Office of Residence Life and Housing:Housing Information". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  109. ^ "NOTRE DAME RESIDENCE HALLS". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  110. ^ a b "Student Life FAQ". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  111. ^ Peralta, Katie (October 4, 2007). "ND welcomes non-Catholic faiths". The Observer. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  112. ^ Cheffers, Elizabeth (September 24, 2004). "Knights serve the community". The Observer. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  113. ^ "Publications: Overview". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  114. ^ a b Cohen, Ed (2005). "The Student Media Frenzy". Notre Dame Magazine. Retrieved 2007-12-17. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  115. ^ "About NDtv". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  116. ^ "WVFI:About: History". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  117. ^ Hope, C.S.C., Arthur J. (1979) [1948]. "X". Notre Dame: One Hundred Years (2 ed.). Notre Dame, IN: University Press. ISBN 089651501X.
  118. ^ http://www.nd.edu/~ndmag/su2008/eddyst.html. Retrieved 2008-09-02. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  119. ^ http://www.eddycommons.com/. Retrieved 2008-09-02. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  120. ^ Bradley, Carol C. (June 25, 2007). "A hot job market for 2007 graduates". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  121. ^ "About ND Clubs". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  122. ^ Michaels, Amanda (September 14, 2006). "Record number of ND alums donate money". The Observer. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  123. ^ "McGLINN HALL: Hall History". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  124. ^ "KEOUGH HALL: Hall History". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  125. ^ Downes, Meghanne (October 28, 2003). "Board approves new construction". The Observer. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  126. ^ "Joe Kernan Former governor of Indiana". The Indianapolis Star. January 10, 2005. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  127. ^ "Congressman Peter King: Biography". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  128. ^ "Biography: Condoleezza Rice". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  129. ^ Hanna, Maddie (April 27, 2005). "Jenkins, family members reflect on rise to presidency". The Observer. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  130. ^ "Regis Philbin Biography (1933-)". Biography.com. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  131. ^ "Phil Donahue Biography (1935-)". Biography.com. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  132. ^ "Mike Golic". ESPN. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  133. ^ "Hannah Storm". CBS News. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  134. ^ Schwartz, Larry. "Montana was comeback king". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  135. ^ "Lynx Sign Megan Duffy". WNBA. August 7, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  136. ^ "Cubs sign Samardzija to five-year, $10 million deal". ESPN. January 21], 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  137. ^ a b "Weis to be introduced as Irish coach Monday". ESPN. December 13, 2004. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  138. ^ "Biography". Knuterockne.com. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  139. ^ "#562 Edward Debartolo Jr". Forbes. Retrieved 2007-12-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  140. ^ "Biographical Data: James D. Wetherbee, (Professor of Law at Marquette University) (Captain, USN Ret.) NASA ASTRONAUT (FORMER)". NASA.gov. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  141. ^ Sperber, Murray (2002). Shake Down the Thunder: The Creation of Notre Dame Football. Indiana University Press. p. 76. ISBN 0253215684. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
  142. ^ "Official University Visual Identity Guidelines" (PDF). nd.edu. 2005-11-20. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
  143. ^ "Gold And Blue". und.com. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
  144. ^ "Ted Drake, Notre Dame and Sports Artist". Mail Management. Retrieved 2008-02-21. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 34 (help)
  145. ^ a b "Athletics". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  146. ^ "Notre Dame: Quick Facts". Big East Conference. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  147. ^ Whiteside, Kelly (July 2, 2003). "Notre Dame courted but relishes football independence". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  148. ^ "Irish to host Midwest Fencing Conference Championship". CSTV. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  149. ^ "Notre Dame". Central Collegiate Hockey Association. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  150. ^ "Notre Dame Men's Lacrosse Clinches Great Western Lacrosse League Title". und.com. April 22, 2001. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  151. ^ "History". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
  152. ^ "Irish fight song deemed better than M's 'Victors'". The Michigan Daily News. September 11, 2003. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  153. ^ Meskill, Christopher (February 2007). "History Repeated". Scholastic. Retrieved 2007-12-19. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  154. ^ "NOTRE DAME FOOTBALL HISTORY DATABASE". Nationalchamps.net. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  155. ^ "Hall of Famers: Notre Dame". Collegefootball.org. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  156. ^ "Chris Zorich Named To College Football Hall Of Fame". und.com. May 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  157. ^ "Heisman Winners". Heisman.com. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  158. ^ "Notre Dame Media Guide:History and Records" (PDF). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  159. ^ Fiutak, Pete (November 17, 2006). "The Ten Greatest College Football Rivalries". College Football News. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  160. ^ "Notre Dame Stadium". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  161. ^ "Notre Dame extends Weis through 2015". ESPN.com. 2005-10-30. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
  162. ^ "Weis plans to let next season stand as answer to critics". ESPN. December 3, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  163. ^ "Profile: Charlie Weis". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  164. ^ "Air Force 41, Notre Dame 24 - Fighting Irish suffer school-record ninth loss this season". ESPN. November 11, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
  165. ^ Schwartz, Peter J. (November 21, 2007). "College football teams getting filthy rich". Forbes. Retrieved 2007-12-19. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  166. ^ a b c "Notre Dame Men's Basketball Media Guide: Notre Dame Basketball A Storied Tradition" (PDF). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  167. ^ "Tourney History: Single-Game Scoring Performances". CBS. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  168. ^ Marquette, Ray (February 2, 1974). "88 consecutive wins". The Sporting News. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  169. ^ "Joyce Center (Basketball)". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  170. ^ "Mike Brey Signs Two-Year Contract Extension Through 2012-13". University of Notre Dame. May 3, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  171. ^ "Notre Dame Fencing Media Guide:History" (PDF). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  172. ^ "Men's Tennis: Quick Facts" (PDF). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  173. ^ "History - Past Champions". NCAA. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  174. ^ "History - Past Champions". NCAA. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  175. ^ "History - Past Champions". NCAA. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  176. ^ Coyle, Tom (April 2, 2001). "Irish students overjoyed after national title win". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  177. ^ "Notre Dame Will Officially Mark Its 10th Year In The BIG EAST Conference Tuesday Night". University of Notre Dame. February 7, 2005. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
  178. ^ "Irish fight song deemed better than M's 'Victors'". The Michigan Daily News. September 11, 2003. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to University of Notre Dame.


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&oldid=269929444"