Anuria

Anuria
Specialty	Urology, nephrology

Anuria means nonpassage of urine. But, is practically defined as passage of less than 50 milliliter of urine in a day. Anuria is inability to urinate due to failure in the function of kidneys. It may also occur because of some severe obstruction like kidney stones or tumours. Anuria is also sometimes called anuresis.

It may occur with end stage renal disease.

Causes

Failure of kidney function, which can have multiple causes including medications or toxins eg antifreeze; diabetes; high blood pressure. Stones or tumours in the urinary tract can also cause it by creating an obstruction to urinary flow. High blood calcium, oxalate or uric acid, can contribute to the risk of stone formation. In males, an enlarged prostate gland is a common cause of obstructive anuria.

Acute anuria, where the decline in urine production occurs quickly, is usually a sign of obstruction or acute renal failure. Acute renal failure can be caused by factors not related to the kidney, such as heart failure, infection, and other conditions which cause the kidney to be deprived of blood flow.

Symptoms

Anuria itself is a symptom, not a disease. It is often associated with other symptoms of kidney failure, such as lack of appetite, weakness, nausea and vomiting, itch. These are mostly the result of buildup of toxins in the blood which would normally be removed by healthy kidneys.

Treatment

Treatment is dependent on the underlying cause of this symptom. the most easily treatable cause is obstruction of urine flow, which is often solved by insertion of a urinary catheter into the bladder.

Mannitol is a medicine which is used to increase the amount of water removed from the blood and thus improve the blood flow to the kidneys. Dextrose and Dobutamine are both are use to increase blood flow to the kidney and act within 30 to 60 minutes.