Jump to content

Discalced Carmelites

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 217.72.110.71 (talk) at 10:40, 18 March 2009. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Two Discalced Carmelite nuns outside of their convent in Zarautz, the Basque Country

The Discalced Carmelites, or Barefoot Carmelites, is a Catholic mendicant order with roots in the eremitic tradition of the Desert Fathers and Mothers. The order was established in 1593, pursuant to the reform of the Carmelite Order by two Spanish saints, St. Teresa of Ávila and St. John of the Cross.

The Discalced Carmelite order is now known by the initials "O.C.D." (The older branch of the order, Carmelites of the Ancient Observance, has the initials "O. Carm."). The secular branch of the order (the Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites, formerly known as the Third Order), has the initials "O.C.D.S."

History

Im the 16th century, St. Teresa of Ávila's work of reform began with herself. She made a vow always to follow the most perfect course, and resolved to keep the rule as perfectly as she could. A group of nuns assembled in her cell one September evening in 1560, taking their inspiration from the primitive tradition of Carmel and the discalced reform of St. Peter of Alcantara, proposed the foundation of a monastery of an eremitical type. On August 24, 1562, the new monastery dedicated to St. Joseph was founded. Then in Duruelo, with John of the Cross and Anthony of Jesus, they founded the first convent of Discalced Brethren in November 1568.

For a Carmelite, prayer is deeply theological. It is guided by the teachings and experience of St. Teresa of Ávila and St. John of the Cross, as well as the saints who have followed in their steps, such as St. Thérèse of the Child Jesus and of the Holy Face, Blessed Elizabeth of the Trinity, St. Teresa of the Andes, and martyrs like Edith Stein (St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross), Père Jacques and the sixteen Martyrs of Compiegne.

Each day is marked by silence to create an environment for a house of prayer. In addition to the daily celebration of the full Liturgy of the Hours, two hours are set aside for uninterrupted silent prayer. The life is well balanced: community life is marked by much laughter around the meal table and during recreation. Communities are kept fairly small to nourish an atmosphere of genuine sisterhood/brotherhood and sharing.

While the sisters live an enclosed life, the friars live a life that is both contemplative and apostolic, in imitation of Jesus who lived both the prayer in the desert and the ministry of compassion with the multitudes. Their life of contemplation is primarily a service designed for the whole Church. The life is also marked by a serious commitment to a broadly based and thorough discipline of study to more fully develop a knowledge of the human heart that is marked by great personal sensitivity.

Bishops

Current Discalced Carmelites Bishops Date of Birth
Current Age
Appointed to Bishop
Daniel Acharuparambil
India Archbishop of Verapoly
Apostolic Administrator sede plena of Cocin
(1939-05-12) May 12, 1939 (age 85) June 14, 1996
Pope John Paul II
Anders Arborelius
Sweden Bishop of Stockholm
(1949-09-24) September 24, 1949 (age 75) November 17, 1998
Pope John Paul II
Cástor Oswaldo Azuaje Pérez
Venezuela Auxiliary Bishop of Maracaibo
(1951-10-19) October 19, 1951 (age 73) June 30, 2007
Pope Benedict XVI
Paul Bassim
Lebanon Vicar Apostolic Emeritus of Beirut
(1922-11-14) November 14, 1922 (age 102) September 8, 1974
Pope Paul VI
Philip Boyce
Republic of Ireland Bishop of Raphoe
(1940-01-25) January 25, 1940 (age 84) June 29, 1995
Pope John Paul II
Antônio do Carmo Cheuiche
Brazil Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Porto Alegre
(1927-06-13) June 13, 1927 (age 97) April 2, 1969
Pope Paul VI
Paul Dahdah
Lebanon Archbishop-Vicar Apostolic of Beirut
(1941-06-08) June 8, 1941 (age 83) May 30, 1983
Pope John Paul II
Gonzalo de Jesús María del Castillo Crespo
Bolivia Military Bishop of Bolivia
(1936-09-20) September 20, 1936 (age 88) November 3, 1983
Pope John Paul II
Amancio Escapa Aparicio
Dominican Republic Auxiliary Bishop of Santo Domingo
(1938-03-30) March 30, 1938 (age 86) May 31, 1996
Pope John Paul II
Guy Étienne Germain Gaucher
France Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Bayeux-Lisieux
(1930-03-05) March 5, 1930 (age 94) August 27, 1986
Pope John Paul II
Gustavo Girón Higuita
Colombia Bishop of Tumaco
(1940-05-20) May 20, 1940 (age 84) February 8, 1990
Pope John Paul II
Julio Xavier Labayen
Philippines Territorial Prelate Emeritus of Infanta
(1926-07-23) July 23, 1926 (age 98) July 26, 1966
Pope Paul VI
Gonzalo López Marañon
Ecuador Vicar Apostolic of San Miguel de Sucumbíos
(1933-10-03) October 3, 1933 (age 91) July 2, 1984
Pope John Paul II
Luis Alberto Luna Tobar
Ecuador Archbishop Emeritus of Cuenca
(1923-12-15) December 15, 1923 (age 101) August 17, 1977
Pope Paul VI
Francis George Adeodatus Micallef
Kuwait Vicar Apostolic Emeritus of Kuwait
(1928-12-17) December 17, 1928 (age 96) November 5, 1981
Pope John Paul II
Aníbal Nieto Guerra
Ecuador Auxiliary Bishop of Guayaquil
(1949-02-23) February 23, 1949 (age 75) June 10, 2006
Pope Benedict XVI
Braulio Sáez Garcia
Bolivia Auxiliary Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
(1942-03-23) March 23, 1942 (age 82) February 18, 1987
Pope Benedict XVI
Jean Benjamin Sleiman
Iraq Archbishop of Baghdad
(1946-06-30) June 30, 1946 (age 78) November 29, 2000
Pope John Paul II
Jusztin Nándor Takács
Hungary Bishop Emeritus of Székesfehérvár
(1927-01-15) January 15, 1927 (age 97) December 23, 1988
Pope John Paul II
Rolando Joven Tria Tirona
Philippines Territorial Prelate of Infanta
(1946-07-22) July 22, 1946 (age 78) November 15, 1994
Pope John Paul II








































Communities of Carmelite Tradition

See also