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Hackensack, New Jersey

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City of Hackensack
City (New Jersey)
Nickname: 
A City in Motion[1]
Location of Hackensack within Bergen County, New Jersey.
Location of Hackensack within Bergen County, New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Hackensack, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Hackensack, New Jersey
CountryUnited States
StateNew Jersey
CountyBergen
Settled1665 (as New Barbadoes)
IncorporatedOctober 31, 1693 (as New Barbadoes Township)
IncorporatedNovember 21, 1921 (as a city under current name)
Government
[3]
 • Type1923 Municipal Manager Law
 • MayorMichael R. Melfi
 • City managerStephen Lo Iacono[2]
Area
 • Total
4.3 sq mi (11.2 km2)
 • Land4.1 sq mi (10.7 km2)
 • Water0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2)  4.41%
Elevation
[4]
20 ft (6 m)
Population
 (2007)[5]
 • Total
43,062
 • Density10,358.3/sq mi (3,999.4/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
07601
Area code201
FIPS code34-28680Template:GR[6]
GNIS feature ID0876855Template:GR
Websitehttp://www.hackensack.org

Hackensack is a city in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States and the county seat of Bergen County.Template:GR Although informally called Hackensack, it was officially named New Barbadoes Township until 1921. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 42,677. The Census Bureau's 2006 population estimate projects a population of 43,671. An inner-ring suburb of New York City, Hackensack is located approximately 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Midtown Manhattan. From a number of locations one can see the New York City skyline.

The Metropolitan campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University straddles the Hackensack River in both Hackensack and Teaneck. Hackensack is also the home of the New Jersey Naval Museum and the World War II submarine USS Ling. Astronaut Walter Schirra is perhaps Hackensack's most famous native son.

Geography

Hackensack is located at 40°53′16″N 74°2′53″W / 40.88778°N 74.04806°W / 40.88778; -74.04806Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (40.887797, -74.047978).Template:GR

It is bordered by Paramus, River Edge, Teaneck, Bogota, Ridgefield Park, Little Ferry, South Hackensack, Hasbrouck Heights, Lodi, and Maywood.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 square miles (11.2 km²), of which, 4.1 square miles (10.7 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km²) of it (4.41%) is water.

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 42,677 people, 18,113 households, and 9,545 families residing in the city. The population density was 10,358.3 people per square mile (3,999.4/km²). There were 18,945 housing units at an average density of 4,598.2/sq mi (1,775.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 52.61% White, 24.65% African American, 0.45% Native American, 7.45% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 9.71% from other races, and 5.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.92% of the population.

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18502,265—
18603,55857.1%
18704,92938.5%
18804,248−13.8%
18906,00441.3%
19009,44357.3%
191014,05048.8%
192017,66725.7%
193024,56839.1%
194026,2797.0%
195029,21911.2%
196030,5214.5%
197036,00818.0%
198036,0390.1%
199037,0492.8%
200042,67715.2%
2007 (est.)43,062[5]
Sources [7][8][9][10][11]

There were 18,113 households out of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.8% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.3% were non-families. 39.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city the population was spread out with 18.2% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 38.4% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $49,316, and the median income for a family was $56,953. Males had a median income of $39,636 versus $32,911 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,856. About 6.8% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Local Government

Hackensack operates under the 1923 Municipal Manager Law form of New Jersey municipal government. The City Council consists of five members who are elected to four-year terms on a concurrent basis in non-partisan elections.[3] This form of government separates policy making (the work of the Mayor and City Council) from the execution of policy (the work of the City Manager). This maintains professional management and a City-wide perspective through: nonpartisan election, at-large representation, concentration of executive responsibility in the hands of a professional manager accountable to the Mayor and Council, concentration of policy making power in one body: a five-person Mayor and Council. In the several decades in which the City has used the Municipal Manager Form of Government, Hackensack has had only nine City Managers.

The Mayor of the City of Hackensack is Michael R. Melfi (term of office ends June 30, 2009).[12] Other members of the Hackensack City Council are Deputy Mayor Marlin G. Townes (2009), Charles P. McAuliffe (2009), Jorge E. Meneses (2009) and Karen K. Sasso (2009).[13][14]

The Bergen County Court House

After Joe DeFalco died in 2005 on Election Day, his running mates agreed to create a rotation under which each of the four surviving members of the New Visions for Hackensack slate would serve for a year as Mayor, creating a series of firsts for the City. Townes took office in 2005 as the city's first black mayor, and Sasso became the first female mayor in 2006. Meneses became Hackensack's first Hispanic mayor when he was sworn in on July 1, 2007, and Melfi takes the reins as mayor in 2008.[15]

Former Assemblyman Charles "Ken" Zisa has served as Chief of the Hackensack Police Department, since his 1995 appointment to replace John Aletta.[16][17][18]

Federal, state and county representation

Hackensack is part of New Jersey's 37th Legislative District and is in the Ninth Congressional District.[19]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 9th congressional district was represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson) until his death in August 2024.[20][21] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027) and Andy Kim (Moorestown, term ends 2031).[22][23]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 37th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Gordon M. Johnson (D, Englewood) and in the General Assembly by Shama Haider (D, Tenafly) and Ellen Park (D, Englewood Cliffs).[24] Template:NJ Governor

Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at-large to three-year terms in partisan elections on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman and Vice Chairman are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. As of 2024, the county executive is James J. Tedesco III (D, Paramus), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.[25]

Bergen County's Commissioners are: Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale, 2025),[26] Chair Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, 2025),[27] Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2026),[28] Vice Chair Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, 2025),[29] Rafael Marte (D, Bergenfield, 2026),[30] Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2024)[31] and Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, 2024).[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

Bergen County's constitutional officials are: Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2026),[40][41] Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood, 2024)[42][43] and Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2026).[44][45][35][46]

Politics

As of April 1, 2006, out of a 2004 Census estimated population of 43,681 in Hackensack, there were 17,933 registered voters (41.1% of the population, vs. 55.4% in all of Bergen County). Of registered voters, 4,838 (27.0% vs. 20.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,945 (10.8% vs. 19.2% countywide) were registered as Republicans and 11,142 (62.1% vs. 60.1% countywide) were registered as Undeclared. There were eight voters registered to other parties.[47]

On the national level, Hackensack leans strongly toward the Democratic Party. In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 71% of the vote here, defeating Republican George W. Bush, who received around 28%.[48]

Education

The Hackensack Public Schools serve students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. Schools in the district (with 2005-06 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[49]) are four K-4 elementary schools — Fairmount Elementary School (540 students), Fanny Meyer Hillers School (452), Jackson Avenue Elementary School (407) and Nellie K. Parker Elementary School (445) — 5ive 6ix School serves grades 5 and 6 (647), Hackensack Middle School serves grades 7 and 8 (715) and Hackensack High School for grades 9-12 (1,854).

The high school serves students from Hackensack, Maywood, Rochelle Park and South Hackensack.[50] Students from Teterboro may attend either Hackensack High School or Hasbrouck Heights High School.

The Bergen County Academies, a public magnet high school located in Hackensack, serves the high-school population of Bergen County, as part of the Bergen County Technical Schools district.

The Metropolitan campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University straddles the Hackensack River in both Hackensack and Teaneck.

The YCS George Washington School is a fully accredited, nonprofit, private school for classified students ages 5-14 who are experiencing behavioral and/or emotional difficulties. Our population consists of students who reside at the YCS Holley Child Care and Development Center in Hackensack and students within the surrounding communities whose needs cannot be adequately met in special education programs within their districts.

Transportation

The city is served by three train stations on New Jersey Transit's Pascack Valley Line, two of them in Hackensack. Anderson Street Station serves Northern Hackensack while Essex Street Station serves Southern portions of the city. The North Hackensack Station also serves the northernmost parts of Hackensack, and The Shops at Riverside, but the station is in the southernmost part of River Edge, adjoining Hackensack.

New Jersey Transit buses include lines 144, 157, 162, 163, 164, 165 and 168 serving the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan; the 175, 178 and 182 to the George Washington Bridge Bus terminal; the 76 to Newark; the 83 route to Jersey City; and local service on the 709, 712, 751, 752, 753, 755, 756, 762, 770, 772 and 780 lines.[51]

Interstate 80, Route 17, Route 4, and County Route 503 serve Hackensack, while there are many other main roads in Hackensack.

The Passaic-Bergen Rail Line is a planned rail system that will have two stops in Hackensack.[52]

Emergency services

Fire

Main article: Hackensack Fire Department

Ambulance

Main article: Hackensack Volunteer Ambulance Corps

The Hackensack Volunteer Ambulance Corps Inc. provides emergency medical services to Hackensack and other nearby towns through mutual aid agreements. The Corps operates nightly 6pm-6am, and 24 hours on Saturday and Sundays[53]. Daytime EMS is provided by the Hackensack University Medical Center's ambulance service seven days a week (overlapping volunteer coverage on weekends). Both the Hackensack University Medical Center and Hackensack Volunteer Ambulance Corps are dispatched by MICCOM, the Northern New Jersey Mobile Intensive Care Communications. MICCOM provides dispatch and emergency medical call taking with pre-arrival instructions and updates.

History

File:HackensackNJ.gif

The first inhabitants of the area were the Lenni Lenape Native Americans (known to the European settlers as the Delaware) who lived along the valley of what they called the Achinigeu-hach, or "Ackingsah-sack", (today the Hackensack River) and spoke a Munsee dialect of the Algonquian languages. A representation of Chief Oratam of the Achkinhenhcky appears on the Hackensack municipal seal.[54] [55]

As the Dutch settlers of the Dutch West India Company in New Amsterdam (present-day New York City) moved west of the Hudson River in the 1660s, they eventually settled along the Hackensack River calling the area Bergen.

Oratam, sagamore of the Lenni Lenape, deeded the land to the Dutch in 1665 (see the seal of Bergen County). The area was soon taken by the English in 1669, but kept its Dutch name. Philip Cartaret, governor of what was then considered the proprietary colony of East Jersey granted land to Captain John Berry in the area of Bergen and soon after took up residence and called it "New Barbadoes," after having resided on the island of Barbadoes.

In 1675, the East Jersey Legislature officially established the first four counties of present day New Jersey, (Bergen, Essex, Middlesex, and Monmouth).

New Barbadoes Township, together with Acquackanonk Township, were formed by Royal Charter on October 31, 1693.[56]

The neighborhood that came to be known as the village of Hackensack (today the area encompassing Bergen County's municipal buildings in Hackensack) was a part of Essex County until 1710, when Bergen County, by royal decree of Queen Anne of Great Britain, was enlarged and the Township of New Barbadoes was removed from Essex County and added to Bergen County.

In 1710, the village of Hackensack in the newly formed Township of New Barbadoes was designated as being more centrally located and more easily reached by the majority of the Bergen County’s inhabitants, and hence was chosen as the county seat of Bergen County (as it remains today). During the American Revolutionary War, George Washington headquartered in New Barbadoes Township in the village of Hackensack in November 1776 and camped on 'The Green' across from the First Dutch Reformed Church. This prepared the way for the first American victory of the Revolution the following month at the Battle of Trenton.

The New Jersey Legislature passed a school act in 1894. Each village, borough, town, or city in New Jersey was delegated responsibility for its own public schools through the office of the county superintendent. One result of the 1894 Act was the formation of Hackensack High School in the village of Hackensack in the Township of New Barbadoes.

Over the centuries, after many departures, secessions, and de-annexations due to what is now referred to as Boroughitis, all that was left of New Barbadoes Township was the village of Hackensack and its surrounding neighborhoods (Fairmount, Red Hill, Cherry Hill). On November 21, 1921, based on the results of a referendum held on November 8, 1921, New Barbadoes Township received its charter to incorporate as a city and officially took on its name “Hackensack,” a name derived from its original inhabitants, the Lenni-Lenape, who named it "Ackingsah-sack."[56]

Points of interest

Hackensack's Church On The Green

First Dutch Reformed Church (“Church on The Green”); built 1696. In 1696 Major Berry donated land for the First Reformed Dutch Church,[57] erected in that same year, (which still stands in Hackensack today as the oldest church in Bergen County and the second oldest church in New Jersey). The following is list of notable people buried in the Church's adjoining cemetery:

North Jersey Media Group. Bergen County’s largest newspaper, The Record, calls Hackensack its home. The North Jersey Media Group (NJMG) publishes two daily newspapers; 41 local newspapers; a magazine, (201) The Best of Bergen; and operates several local web sites. Scheduled tours of their printing facility are available to groups.

New Jersey Naval Museum[62] and the World War II submarine USS Ling, a Balao class submarine, and several smaller water vessels and artifacts. The museum is open select weekdays for group tours.

Other points of interest within the city include the Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack River County Park, the Church on the Green, the Ice House rink, and the Bergen County Courthouse.

The Shops at Riverside (formerly known as Riverside Square Mall), is an upscale shopping center located at the intersection of Route 4 and Hackensack Avenue at the northern edge of the city along the Hackensack River. The mall, which is in the process of a fairly significant expansion, is anchored by a number of high-end department stores and restaurants, including Bloomingdale's, Saks Fifth Avenue, Tiffany & Co., Pottery Barn and Barnes & Noble.

Bergen County Jail is a detention center for both sentenced and unsentenced prisoners.

Local media

Radio station WNYM at 970 AM, is licensed to Hackensack and has its transmitter in the city. The station is currently owned by Salem Communications with a Conservative Talk format. During the 1970s, it played a Top 40 music format for several years, competing (unsuccessfully) with Top 40 powerhouse 77 WABC (AM).

Trivia

  • Hackensack is mentioned in the Jim Croce song "Roller Derby Queen"
"Well she might be nasty
She might be fat
But I never met a person
Who would tell her that
She's my big blonde bomber
My heavy handed Hackensack mama."
"Last Sunday afternoon
I took a trip to Hackensack,
But after I gave Hackensack the once-over,
I took the next train back."
  • Johnny Cash lists Hackensack as one of the places he's visited in the song I've Been Everywhere
  • The Danish rockband Hackensack has taken their name from Hackensack, NJ
"And I will wait for you
As long as I need to
And if you ever get back to Hackensack
I'll be here for you"

The band FannyPack has a song named "Pump That" in which Hackensack is mentioned.

"For my down home cats
My smokin' home grown cats
Totin' chrome packin' gats
Brooklyn to Hackensack"
"Who needs a house out in Hackensack,
Is that all you get for your money?"
  • Steely Dan mentions Hackensack on their 1975 album Katy Lied in the song Daddy Don't Live in That New York City No More.
  • Hackensack is also mentioned in System of a Down's song Lost in Hollywood from the album Mezmerize:
"The lines in the letter said
'We have gone to Hackensack' "
Stanley, the waiter, to Happy Loman in Act 2, "But I know you, you ain't from Hackensack. You know what I mean? "
Play, fullback strapped like a fuck, war at
the black, Carlo Gambino's stash house in Hackensack.
  • In the 2002 film Igby Goes Down, the main character, Igby Slocumb, tells Sookie Sapperstein that he needs to go to Hackensack to take his GED test. The following scene shows Igby boarding a NJ Transit bus at the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, with the electronic sign in the front of the bus clearly indicating "Hackensack" as its destination.

Notable residents

Notable current and former residents of Hackensack include:

References

  1. ^ "Hackensack", FDU Magazine, Fall / Winter 2001. Accessed June 14, 2007. "Billed as “A City in Motion,” Hackensack has been on the move since before the founding of the United States."
  2. ^ City Manager, City of Hackensack. Accessed September 18, 2007.
  3. ^ a b 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2005, p. 157.
  4. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Hackensack, Geographic Names Information System, accessed September 18, 2007.
  5. ^ a b Census data for Hackensack city, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 10, 2008.
  6. ^ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed July 14, 2008.
  7. ^ Francis A. Walker, Superintendent of Census (1872). "Ninth Census Volume I. The Statistics of the Population of the United States; Table III. Population of Civil Divisions Less Than Counties" (ZIP). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  8. ^ Robert P. Porter, Superintendent (1891). "Population of The United States by Minor Civil Divisions" (ZIP). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  9. ^ Wm. C. Hunt, Chief Statistician for Population. "Fourteenth Census of The United States: 1920; Population: New Jersey; Number of inhabitants, by counties and minor civil divisions" (ZIP). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  10. ^ New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network. Accessed March 1, 2007.
  11. ^ Census of 1850, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 2, 2008.
  12. ^ Welcome to the City of Hackensack, City of Hackensack. Accessed July 2, 2008.
  13. ^ Mayor and City Council, City of Hackensack. Accessed July 2, 2008.
  14. ^ "County of Bergen: 2008 County and Municipal Directory", Bergen County, New Jersey, p. 46. Accessed July 5, 2008.
  15. ^ Sposito, Sean. "Hackensack swears in its first Hispanic mayor", The Record (Bergen County), July 2, 2007. Accessed July 2, 2007. "Members of the City Council have been rotating the mayoralty since running mate Joe DeFalco's fatal heart attack on election day 2005. Traditionally, in Hackensack a mayor is appointed after the council is elected. But DeFalco's sudden death left the New Visions for Hackensack ticket in disarray. Councilman Marlin Townes served until June 2006, becoming the city's first black mayor. He was followed by Karen Sasso, who became the city's first woman mayor. She handed over the reins to Meneses on Sunday.... Newly appointed Deputy Mayor Michael R. Melfi will take his turn as mayor next in what Sasso describes as a "tag team" of politicians."
  16. ^ Shuman, Marah. "MAYOR'S BROTHER TO BE ACTING COP CHIEF; OFFICER WHO WANTS JOB PLANS TO SUE HACKENSACK", The Record (Bergen County), May 10, 1995. Accessed April 2, 2008.
  17. ^ Mosk, Matthew. "ZISA VOWS TO FOCUS ON COMMUNITY POLICING", The Record (Bergen County), December 19, 1995. Accessed April 2, 2008.
  18. ^ Police Department, City of Hackensack. Accessed April 2, 2008.
  19. ^ 2006 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters, p. 58. Accessed August 30, 2006. 2009 world hacky sack champions.
  20. ^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  21. ^ Biography, Congressman Bill Pascrell. Accessed January 3, 2019. "A native son of Paterson, N.J., Congressman Bill Pascrell, Jr. has built a life of public service upon the principles he learned while growing up on the south side of the Silk City."
  22. ^ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  23. ^ https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/andy-kim-new-jersey-senate/
  24. ^ Legislative Roster for District 37, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 20, 2024.
  25. ^ County Executive, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  26. ^ Vice Chairman Commissioner Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  27. ^ Commissioner Vice Chairwoman Germaine M. Ortiz, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  28. ^ Commissioner Chair Pro Tempore Dr. Joan M. Voss, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  29. ^ Commissioner Mary J. Amoroso, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  30. ^ Cattafi, Kristie. "Democrats pick Bergenfield councilman to fill vacancy on Bergen County commissioners board", The Record, March 13, 2023. Accessed March 16, 2023. "A Democratic councilman from Bergenfield will be sworn in as a Bergen County commissioner Wednesday night, filling a vacancy on the governing body for almost 1 million residents. Rafael Marte will serve until Dec. 31, taking on the unexpired term left by former Commissioner Ramon Hache, a Democrat who resigned last week to lead the Ridgewood YMCA as its chief executive officer."
  31. ^ Commissioner Steven A. Tanelli, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  32. ^ Commissioner Tracy Silna Zur, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  33. ^ Board of County Commissioners, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  34. ^ 2022 County Data Sheet, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  35. ^ a b 2022 County and Municipal Directory, Bergen County, New Jersey, March 2022. Accessed January 30, 2023.
  36. ^ Bergen County November 8, 2022 General Election Statement of Vote, Bergen County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 21, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
  37. ^ Bergen County Statement of Vote November 2, 2021 Official results, Bergen County, New Jersey, updated November 17, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
  38. ^ Precinct Summary Results Report - Combined 2020 Bergen County General Election - November 3, 2020 Official Results, Bergen County, New Jersey, December 3, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
  39. ^ Bergen County November 5, 2019 General Election Statement of Vote, Bergen County, New Jersey Clerk, updated December 10, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  40. ^ About the Clerk, Bergen County Clerk. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  41. ^ Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  42. ^ Sheriff Anthony Cureton, Bergen County Sheriff's Office. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  43. ^ Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  44. ^ Michael R. Dressler, Bergen County Surrogate's Court. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  45. ^ Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  46. ^ Constitutional Officers, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  47. ^ "County of Bergen: Voter Statistics by Municipality, Ward & District," dated April 1, 2006.
  48. ^ 2004 Presidential Election results: Bergen County New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety: Division of Elections, dated December 13, 2004.
  49. ^ Data for the Hackensack Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed May 5, 2008.
  50. ^ Hackensack High School 2006 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 12, 2008. "Hackensack High School serves the communities of Hackensack, South Hackensack, Maywood and Rochelle Park."
  51. ^ Routes by County: Bergen County, New Jersey Transit. Accessed September 9, 2008.
  52. ^ Superville, Denisa R. (September 20, 2008). "Residents get scoop on light rail line". {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ "Hackensack Volunteer Ambulance Corps Inc". Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  54. ^ The Origin of New Jersey Place Names: H, GetNJ.com. Acecssed July 2, 2007.
  55. ^ Cheslow, Jerry. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Hackensack, N.J.; After Long Decline, Downtown Rebounds", The New York Times, May 3, 1998. Accessed July 2, 2007. "Hackensack is named for the Achkinhenhcky branch of the Leni Lenape Indians, who traded with Dutch settlers along the Hackensack River as far back as the 1660s. The portrait of their chief, Oratam, who negotiated a treaty with English and Dutch settlers in 1690, appears on the municipal seal."
  56. ^ a b "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 78-79 re Hackensack, p. 82 re New Barbadoes.
  57. ^ Photographic Inventory: Hackensack First Reformed Church, accessed August 7, 2006.
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  59. ^ Find-A-Grave information for Enoch Poor, accessed August 7, 2006.
  60. ^ Col. Richard Varick burial site, accessed August 7, 2006.
  61. ^ Find-A-Grave information for Richard Varick, accessed August 7, 2006.
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  64. ^ FILM REVIEW; Carrying a Torch for a Malevolent Doll, The New York Times, October 17, 1998.
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  68. ^ Harold Dow profile, 48 Hours (TV series). Accessed October 11, 2007. "Dow was born in Hackensack, N.J. He attended the University of Nebraska at Omaha."
  69. ^ Zinser, Lynn. "PRO FOOTBALL; For Giants' Finn, There's No Place Like Home", The New York Times, September 6, 2003. Accessed October 14, 2007.
  70. ^ Dave Fiore profile, database Football. Accessed June 14, 2007.
  71. ^ "Fitzhugh, Author, Is Victim Of Stroke At Oradell Home", copy of article from The Record (Bergen County), July 7, 1950. Accessed April 2, 2008.
  72. ^ Wojnarowski, Adrian. "Fontana fulfilling dream in Italy", The Record (Bergen County), February 21, 2006. Accessed December 11, 2007. "Figure skater Silvia Fontana, right, a resident of Hackensack, enjoying a break from training with her coach, Robin Wagner."
  73. ^ Mike Fratello, Basketball-Reference.com. Accessed November 1, 2007.
  74. ^ Lindsey, Caroline. "VETERAN MUSICIAN GRISMAN CONTINUES INNOVATION", Greensboro News & Record, August 14, 2003. Accessed July 5, 2008.
  75. ^ Archibald C. Hart, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 28, 2007.
  76. ^ Matt Herr Legends of Hockey. Accessed December 18, 2007.
  77. ^ John Huyler, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 2, 2007.
  78. ^ http://gopsusports.cstv.com/sports/c-xc/mtt/nowicki_will00.html
  79. ^ "FREDERICK A. OBER DEAD.; Noted Ornithologist and Explorer, Who Discovered New Bird Species.", The New York Times, June 2, 1913.
  80. ^ Dave Scott, database Football. Accessed January 16, 2008.
  81. ^ Zan, Stewart. "The state of jazz: Meet 40 more Jersey greats", The Star-Ledger, September 28, 2003. Accessed June 14, 2007.
  82. ^ Broussard, Chris. "Why Pros Spent 20 Years Shunning High Schoolers", The New York Times, November 16, 2003. Accessed November 19, 2007. "Willoughby, 46, now lives in relative anonymity in a two-bedroom apartment in Hackensack, N.J."

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