Cunnilingus
Cunnilingus is the act of using the mouth, lips, and tongue to stimulate the female genitals. The term comes from an alternative Latin word for the vulva (cunnus) and from the Latin word for tongue (lingua). A person who performs cunnilingus may be referred to as a "cunnilinguist".[1]
Technique
As in all human sexual behaviour, both the techniques used in cunnilingus and individual responses to them are varied.[2]
The clitoris is the most sexually sensitive part of the body for almost all women but may be too sensitive to pleasantly stimulate directly at times, especially in early stages of arousal. Shere Hite notes that most women achieve orgasm easily from clitoral stimulation as part of cunnilingus. [3] Some sex manuals recommend beginning with a gentler, less focused stimulation of the labia and the whole genital area. The tip, blade, or underside of the tongue can be used, as can the nose, chin and lips. Movements can be slow or fast, regular or erratic, firm or soft, according to the participant's preference. The tongue can be inserted into the vagina, either stiffened or moving. The performing partner may also hum to produce vibration.
Cunnilingus may be accompanied by the insertion of finger(s) or a sex toy into the vagina, which allows for the simultaneous stimulation of the g-spot, and/or into the anus.[4] Some sex educators recommend that cunnilingus be the major element in sexual activities involving women. [5]
Cultural, spiritual and religious significance
Taoism
Although not spoken of openly in Western society until recently, cunnilingus is accorded a revered place in Taoism. This is because the aim of Taoism is to achieve immortality, or at least longevity, and the loss of semen, vaginal, and other bodily liquids is believed to bring about a corresponding loss of vitality. Conversely, by either semen retention or ingesting the secretions from the vagina, a male or female can conserve and increase his/her ch'i, or original vital breath. In Taoism:
The Great Medicine of the Three Mountain Peaks is to be found in the body of the woman and is composed of three juices, or essences: one from the woman's mouth, another from her breasts, and the third, the most powerful, from the Grotto of the White Tiger, which is at the Peak of the Purple Mushroom (the mons veneris).
— Octavio Paz. Conjunctions and Disjunctions. trans. Helen R. Lane. 1975. (London: Wildwood House, 1969) p. 97.
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According to Philip Rawson (in Paz, p. 97), these half-poetic, half-medicinal metaphors explain the popularity of cunnilingus among people: "The practice was an excellent method of imbibing the precious feminine fluid" (Paz, p. 97). But the Taoist ideal is not just about the male being enriched by female secretions; the female also benefits from her communion with the male, a feature that has led the sinologist, Kristofer Schipper, to denounce the ancient handbooks on the "Art of the Bedroom" as embracing a "kind of glorified male vampirism" that is not truly Taoist at all.[6] Ideally, by mingling the male and female liquids the Taoist aims to reconcile opposites and to recapture the mythical time that existed before the division of the sexes, the primordial time of the original ch'i.
Tantra
The religious historian Mircea Eliade speaks of a similar desire to transcend old age and death, and achieve a state of nirvana, in the Hindu practice of Tantric yoga. In Tantric yoga, the same emphasis is placed on the retention and absorption of vital liquids and Sanskrit texts describe how the male semen must not be emitted if the yogi is to avoid falling under law of time and death.[7]
Song of Songs
Verse 7:3 (verse 7:2 in the King James Version of The Song of Solomon) of the Biblical Song of Songs may contain a veiled reference to cunnilingus, although many translators render the key term "navel."[8] An alternate translation could read as follows: "Your vulva is a rounded crater, never lacking mixed wine". (Song of Songs 7:2 שררך אגן הסהר אל יחסר המזג)
The context, moving up from her sandals to her vulva to her belly to her breasts, however, makes the meaning of "vulva" (Heb. shor), as derived from an Aramaic word meaning "secret place", all but conclusive.[9] In both Christian and Jewish tradition the erotic intimacy between the bride and groom described in the Song of Songs is given spiritual significance.
STD, HPV, and oral cancer risk
Chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrhea, herpes, hepatitis (multiple strains), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) — including HIV — can be transmitted through oral sex.[10] Any kind of direct contact with body fluids of a person infected with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) poses a risk of infection. Nevertheless, the risk from most of these types of infection is generally considered far lower than that associated with vaginal or anal sex.[11] If the receiving partner has wounds or open sores on her genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in their mouth, or bleeding gums, this poses an increased risk of STD transmission. Brushing the teeth, flossing, undergoing dental work, or eating crunchy foods such as potato chips relatively soon before or after performing cunnilingus can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. These wounds, even when they are microscopic, increase the chances of contracting STDs that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common bacteria and viruses found in, around, and secreted from the genital regions.
In 2005, a research study at the College of Malmö in Sweden suggested that performing unprotected oral sex on a person infected with HPV might increase the risk of oral cancer. The study found that 36% of the cancer patients had HPV compared to only 1 percent of the healthy control group. [12]
Another recent study suggests a correlation between oral sex and throat cancer. It is believed that this is due to the transmission of human papillomavirus or (HPV) because this virus has been implicated in the majority of cervical cancers. The study concludes that people who had one to five oral sex partners in their lifetime had approximately a doubled risk of throat cancer compared with those who never engaged in this activity and those with more than five oral-sex partners had a 250% increased risk.[13]
Prevention
Due to disease risks, many medical professionals advise the use of dental dams when performing or receiving cunnilingus with a partner whose STD status is unknown. A makeshift dental dam can be made out of a condom (instructions). Using a real dental dam is preferable, because real dental dams are larger, and the makeshift version may be accidentally poked with the scissors during the cutting procedure. Plastic wrap may also be used, but this is less preferable because the thickness dulls sensation. Certain kinds of plastic wrap are manufactured with tiny holes to allow venting during microwaving, which may allow transmission of pathogens.
In popular culture
There are numerous slang terms for cunnilingus, including "drinking from the furry cup"[14] and "muff-diving".[15] It is also commonly called "eating someone out" or "licking someone out"[16]. In lesbian culture, several common slang terms used are "giving lip", "lip service", or "tipping the velvet", an expression that novelist Sarah Waters claims to have "plucked from the relative obscurity of Victorian porn".[17] Older erotic literature refers to it as "gamahuching", with some variation in the spelling.
The phrase "cunning linguist" is also often used as a pun on cunnilingus, implying oral skill of a different sort[18], and is used by Moneypenny to James Bond: "You always were a cunning linguist, James."[19]
A Hells Angel whose colors include red wings indicates that he or she has performed cunnilingus on a woman who was having her period at the time or black wings for performing cunnilingus on a black woman.[20]
See also
References
- ^ "The pleasure principle". Retrieved 2008-10-19.
- ^ Oral Sex Etiquette
- ^ Hite, Shere (2004 edition). The Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality. New York, NY: Seven Stories Press. p. 11. ISBN 1-58322-569-2.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Human sexuality in a world of diversity. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education. 2005 edition. pp. 124, 226. ISBN 1-205-46013-5.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: checksum (help); Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Masters, W.H. (1966). Human Sexual Response. Toronto; New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-20429-7..
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Kristofer Schipper. [1982] 1993. The Taoist Body. trans. Karen C. Duval. Berkeley; Los Angeles; (London: University of California Press). p. 148
- ^ Eliade Mircea. [1954] 1973. Yoga, Immortality and Freedom. trans. Willard R. Trask. (Princeton: Princeton University Press). p. 267–268
- ^ "[T]he description of the woman's aperture as containing wine implies the man's desire to drink from the sensual bowl. Thus, this may be a subtle and tasteful allusion to the intimacies of sex". Tremper Longman, Song of Songs, B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2001, p. 195. See also J S. Exum, "The Poetic Genius of the Song of Songs", in Hagedorn (ed), Perspectives on the Song of Songs, Walter de Gruyter, 2005, p. 90
- ^ Cf. the brief discussion in Brown, Francis; Driver, S.R., and Briggs, Charles A. Hebrew & English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1902; repr. 1978; p. 1057a. A more complete discussion is found in Frants Buhl's edition of Wilhelm Gesenius' Hebrãisches und Aramãisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament.Göttingen: Springer-Verlag, 1915; repr. 1962; p. 863a.
- ^ University Health Center | Sexual Health | Oral Sex
- ^ http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/Factsheets/pdf/oralsex.pdf
- ^ Oral Sex Linked To Mouth Cancer Risk
- ^ Oral sex can cause throat cancer - 09 May 2007 - New Scientist
- ^ drinking from the furry cup - Dictionary of sexual terms
- ^ muff_diving at Wiktionary
- ^ http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=licking+out
- ^ "Taking Velvet public: author Sarah Waters reflects on the sensation she started by writing Tipping the Velvet, the novel that became a smash U.K. miniseries that's now set to conquer America." The Advocate (The national gay & lesbian newsmagazine), 13 May 2003.
- ^ Urban dictionary
- ^ "Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)". Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- ^ Thompson, Hunter S. (1995). Hell's Angels. New York: Ballantyne Books. p. 64. ISBN 0-345-41008-4.
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