List of culinary herbs and spices
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This is a list of culinary herbs and spices. Specifically these are food or drink additives of mostly botanical origin used in nutritionally insignificant quantities for flavoring or coloring. As such, this list does not contain salt, which is a mineral, herbs or spices that are purely medicinal such as valerian, fictional plants such as aglaophotis, or recreational drugs such as marijuana. For medicinal herbs see list of medicinal herbs.
See the list of spice mixtures below for common spice blends.
A
- Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi)
- Akudjura (Solanum centrale)
- Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum)
- Alkanet (Anchusa arvensis), primarily for color
- Allspice (Pimenta dioica)
- (Alpinia galanga) Galangal
- Amchur - mango powder (Mangifera)
- Angelica (Angelica archangelica)
- Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
- Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum)
- Annatto (Bixa orellana L.)
- Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens)
- Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida)
- Avocado Leaf (Peresea americana)
B
- Barberry (Berberis vulgaris)
- Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
- Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis)
- Bee Balm (Monarda didyma)
- Borage (Borago officinalis)
- Black Cardamom (Amomum subulatum)
- Black Mustard (Brassica nigra)
- Blue Fenugreek, Blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea)
- Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea)
- Burdock (Arctium lappa)
C
- Calamint, (Calamintha spp.)
- Calamus, (Acorus calamus americanus)
- Calendula, Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
- Cananga, Ylang-ylang, Kenanga (Cananga odorata)
- Candle nut (Aleurites moluccanus)
- Capers (Capparis spinosa)
- Caraway (Carum carvi)
- Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
- Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
- Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum)
- Casuarina
- Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum)
- Celery seed (Apium graveolens)
- Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)
- Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
- Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.)
- Chipotle (Capsicum annuum)
- Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
- Cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
- Cilantro, Coriander Greens, Coriander Herb (Coriandrum sativum)
- Cinchona (Cinchona)
- Cinnamon, True or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum)
- Cinnamon Myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia)
- Clary, Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea)
- Clove (Syzygium aromaticu)
- Corey Laws (Fattus tinycaria)
- Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum)
- Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita)
- Cowslip (Primula veris)
- Cress
- Cuban Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus)
- Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba)
- Cudweed (in Vietnamese cuisine)
- Culantro (Eryngium foetidum)
- Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
- Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii)
- Curry Plant (Helichrysum italicum)
D
- Dill seed (Anethum graveolens)
- Dill herb or weed (Anethum graveolens)
- Dorrigo Pepper (Tasmannia stipitata)
E
- Elderflower (Sambucus spp.)
- Elecampane (Inula helenium)
- Epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides)
- Eryngium foetidum (Culantro, Long Coriander)
F
- Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
- Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
- Filé powder (Sassafras albidum)
- Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda)
- French sorrel (Rumex scutatus)
- Fumitory (Fumaria spp.)
G
- Galangal (Alpinia officinarum)
- Galingale (Cyperus spp.)
- Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum)
- Garlic (Allium sativum)
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Ginkgo nuts (Ginkgo biloba)
- Golpar (Heracleum persicum,)
- Gotu Kola, Centella (Centella asiatica)
- Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta)
- Grains of Selim (Xylopia aethiopica)
- Green tea (Camellia sinensis)
- Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea)
H
- Hops (Humulus lupulus)
- Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
- Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
- Houttuynia (Houttuynia cordata)
- Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
I
- Indian Bay-leaf, Malabathrum, Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala, C. tejpata)
- Indonesian Bay-Leaf, Daun salam (Eugenia polyantha, Syzygium polyanthum)
- Indonesian Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera)
J
- Jasmine (Jasminum spp.)
- Juniper berry (Juniperus communis)
K
- Kaffir Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix, C. papedia)
- Kokam (Garcinia indica)
L
- Lady's Bedstraw (Galium verum)
- Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
- Laser, laserpicium, or lasarpicium
- Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
- Lemon basil (Ocimum × citriodorum)
- Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other species)
- Lemon Ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana)
- Lemon mint (Monarda citriodora)
- Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora)
- Lemon Thyme (Thymus × citriodorus)
- Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora)
- Lesser galangal, Kentjur (Kaempferia galanga)
- Licorice, Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
- Lime Flower (Tilia spp.)
- Limnophila aromatica, rice paddy herb (in Vietnamese cuisine)
- Long pepper (Piper longum)
- Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
- Luohanguo, (Siraitia grosvenorii)
M
- Mace (Myristica fragrans)
- Mahlab (Prunus mahaleb)
- Malabathrum (Cinnamomum tamala, C. tejpata)
- Manchurian Thorn Tree (Aralia manchurica)
- Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
- Marrubium vulgare (white horehound)
- Marsh Labrador Tea
- Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus)
- Meadowsweet (Filipendula vulgaris)
- Melegueta Pepper ( Aframomum melegueta)
- Mexican Pepperleaf (Piper auritum)
- Mexican Tarragon (Tagetes lucida)
- Mint (Mentha spp.)
- Micromeria (Micromeria spp.)
- Mitsuba (Cryptotaenia japonica)
- Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)
- Murraya koenigii, Curry Tree, Curry Leaf
- Mustard Seed
- Myrtle berry and leaf (Myrtus communis)
N
- Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)
- Neem (Azadirachta indica)
- Nigella sativa (Kalonji, Black caraway)
- Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
O
- Olida (Eucalyptus olida)
- Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species)
- Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida)
- Osmorhiza, Sweet Cicely
P
- Pandan flower, Kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus)
- Pandan leaf, Screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
- Paprika (Capsicum annuum)
- Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, S. oleracea) (used in Brazil)
- Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
- Pelargonium (Pelargonium spp.)
- Pepper: black, white, and green (Piper nigrum)
- Peng (Celastrus paniculatus)
- Peppermint (Mentha piperata)
- Peppermint Gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives)
- Perilla, Shiso (Perilla spp.)
- Pink Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
- Piper sarmentosum
- Poppy seed (Papaver somniferum)
Q
R
- Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum)
- Riberry (Syzygium luehmannii)
- Rice Paddy Herb (Limnophila aromatica)
- Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
- Rue (Ruta graveolens)
S
- Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), primarily for color
- Saffron (Crocus sativus)
- Sage (Salvia officinalis)
- Saigon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
- Salad Burnet (Sanguisorba minor)
- Salep (Orchis mascula)
- Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Savory, Summer (Satureja hortensis), and winter (S. montana)
- Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum)
- Sheep's sorrel (Rumex acetosella)
- Sichuan pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum)
- Silphium
- Sloe berries(Prunus spinosus)
- Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis)
- Sorrel (Rumex acetosa, R. acetosella, R. scutatus)
- Southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum)
- Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
- Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi)
- Star anise (Illicium verum)
- Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana)
- Suma (Pfaffia paniculata)
- Sumac (Rhus coriaria)
- Summer savory (Satureja hortensis)
- Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
- Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum)
T
- Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
- Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare)
- Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
- Tasmanian Pepper (Tasmannia lanceolata)
- Tea (Camellia sinensis)
- Teucrium polium (felty germander)
- Thai basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora, O. ×citriodorum, or O. sanctum)
- Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
- Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum)
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
- Twinleaf onion (Allium anceps)
U
V
- Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)
- Vietnamese Balm (Elsholtzia ciliata)
- Vietnamese Cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
- Vietnamese Coriander (Persicaria odorata)
W
- Wasabi (Wasabia japonica)
- Water Pepper, Smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper)
- Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica)
- Wattleseed, Australian acacia
- White Mustard (Sinapis alba)
- Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum)
- Winter savory (Satureja montana)
- Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
- Wood Avens, Herb Bennet (Geum urbanum)
- Woodruff (Galium odoratum)
- Wormwood, Absinthe (Artemisia absinthium)
Y
- Yarrow (Alchemilla millefolium)
- Yellow Mustard (Brassica hirta=Sinapis alba)
- Yerba Buena
Z
- Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria)
Spice mixtures
- Berbere, an Ethiopian blend
- Curry powder
- Chinese Five-spice powder
- Garam masala
- Goda masala
- Herbes de Provence, a Provençal blend including thyme, marjoram, rosemary, basil, bay leaf, and sometimes lavender
- Kaala masala
- Khmeli Suneli
- Mixed spice or pudding spice, a British blend of cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice and other spices
- Panch phoron, Bengali five-spice blend
- Pumpkin pie spice, an American blend of cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, and allspice
- Quatre épices, a French blend of ground pepper, cloves, nutmeg and ginger
- Ras el hanout, a Moroccan spice blend that includes cinnamon and cumin among other spices
- Tandoori masala
- Za'atar - this is an herb and a blend of the herb with sesame seeds and sometimes Sumac
See also
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on