Template:LGBT rights table Europe
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Membership in the European Union not only requires repeal of anti-homosexuality legislation, the Treaty of Amsterdam also requires anti-discrimination legislation to be enacted by its member states.[1]
Northern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Immigration equality for same-sex couples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Åland Islands (self-governing part of Finland) | Legal since 1971 | Legal since 2002 | Demilitarised | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Denmark | Legal since 1933 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 1989 | Only in registered partnerships | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Estonia | Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign. |
Unregulated, it is possible for any single individual to adopt if they can prove to be suitable to bring up a child. | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Faroe Islands (self-governing part of Denmark) | Legal since 1933 | (Denmark responsible for defence) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Finland | Legal since 1971 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 2002 | Only in registered partnerships and only with partner's children since 2009 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Greenland (member country of the Kingdom of Denmark) | Legal since 1933 | Civil unions since 1996 | Only in registered partnerships and only with partner's children | (Denmark responsible for defence) | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||
Iceland | Legal since 1940 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 1996 | Only in registered partnerships | Has no army | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||
Ireland, Republic of | Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign. |
Under review. | Only one partner can adopt the child / Same-sex couples can foster children | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Isle of Man | Legal since 1994 | Legal since 2005 | Bans most anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Latvia | Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign. |
Constitutional ban since 2006 | Only married couples can adopt | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Lithuania | Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign. |
Constitutional ban since 1992 | Only married couples can adopt | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Norway | Legal since 1972 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 1993 | Legal since 2009 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Sweden | Legal since 1944 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 1995 | Legal since 2009 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination, including hate speech against homosexuals | ||||
United Kingdom | Legal since 1967 in England and Wales, 1980 in Scotland and 1982 in Northern Ireland + UN decl. sign. |
Civil partnerships since 2005 | Under review.[2] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | Gender Recognition Act 2004 |
Western Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Immigration equality for same-sex couples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgium | Legal since 1843 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 2000 | Legal since 2003 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||
France | Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign. |
Pacte civil de solidarité since 1999 |
Under review. Recognizes same-sex marriage abroad. | Single gay persons may adopt | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||
Guernsey (incl. Alderney, Herm and Sark) | legal since 1983 (Age of consent discrepancy) | UK responsible for defence | Unknown | |||||
Jersey | legal since 1990 | Under review. | UK responsible for defence | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | Unknown | |||
Luxembourg | Legal since 1795 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 2004 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | Unknown | ||||
Monaco | Legal since 1793 | Unknown | France responsible for defence | Unknown | Unknown | |||
Netherlands | Legal since 1811 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 1998 | Legal since 2001. First country to legalize same-sex marriage. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination |
Central Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Immigration equality for same-sex couples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | Legal since 1971 + UN decl. sign. |
Unregistered cohabitation since 2003, Registered partnership will become legal on 1 January 2010. [3] | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Croatia | Legal since 1977 + UN decl. sign. |
Unregistered co-habitation since 2003 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Czech Republic | Legal since 1962 + UN decl. sign. |
Registered partnership since 2006. | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Germany | Legal since 1968 in East Germany and 1969 in West Germany + UN decl. sign. |
Registered partnership since 2001 | Single gay persons may adopt or a partner can adopt the other partners child | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Hungary | Legal since 1962 + UN decl. sign. |
Unregistered co-habitation since 1996; Registered partnership from 1 July 2009 [1] | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Liechtenstein | Legal since 1989 + UN decl. sign. |
Has no army | ||||||
Poland | Legal since 1932 + UN decl. sign. |
Constitutional ban since 1997 | (single gay-person may adopt) | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | ||||
Slovakia | Legal since 1962 + UN decl. sign. |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Slovenia | Legal since 1977 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 2006 | Bans most anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Switzerland | Legal since 1942 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 2007 | Single gay persons may adopt. Non-biological partner must provide educational and financial tutorship for his/her partner's child | Bans all anti-gay discrimination |
Eastern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Immigration equality for same-sex couples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Legal since 1995 + UN decl. sign. |
|||||||
Armenia (terminology "European" varies on border defintions) | Legal since 2002 + UN decl. sign. |
Unknown | ||||||
Azerbaijan (terminology "European" varies on border defintions) | Legal since 2000 | Banned from military service | ||||||
Belarus | Legal since 1994 | Banned from military service | ||||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Legal since 1996 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1998 in Republika Srpska + UN decl. sign. |
Bans most anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Bulgaria | Legal since 1968 + UN decl. sign. |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Georgia (terminology "European" varies on border defintions) | Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign. |
Unknown | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Macedonia | Legal since 1996 + UN decl. sign. |
Bans some anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Moldova | Legal since 1995 | |||||||
Montenegro | Legal since 1977 + UN decl. sign. |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Romania | Legal since 1996 + UN decl. sign. |
Bans all anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Russia (incl. all constituent regions) | Legal since 1993
(was legal in the RSFSR/Soviet Union from 1917-1930) |
|||||||
Serbia | Legal since 1994 (1981 in Vojvodina) + UN decl. sign. |
Constitutional ban | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Turkey | Legal since 1858 (decriminalized by the Ottoman Empire) | No particular legal ban. | Banned from military service | Added to constitution in 2004, but withdrawn afterwards by the government | ||||
Ukraine | Legal since 1992 |
Southern Europe
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationsihps | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression | Immigration equality for same-sex couples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andorra | Official date of legality unknown, absolute certainty of legality since recognition of same-sex couples in 2005 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 2005 | Unknown | Has no army | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | |||
Cyprus | Legal since 1998 + UN decl. sign. |
Bans some anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Gibraltar (overseas territory of the U.K.) | Legal since 1993 (Age of consent discrepancy) | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Greece | Legal since 1951 (Age of consent discrepancy) + UN decl. sign. |
Banned from military service | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Italy | Legal since 1890 + UN decl. sign. |
Only married couples can adopt | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | |||||
Malta | Legal since 1973 + UN decl. sign. |
Bans some anti-gay discrimination | ||||||
Portugal | Legal since 1983 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 2001 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | |||||
San Marino | Legal since 1864, recriminalised in 1974 and again legalised in 2001 + UN decl. sign. |
Unknown | ||||||
Spain | Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign. |
Legal since 1998 (12 of 14 communities legalised Civil unions) | Legal since 2005 | Bans all anti-gay discrimination | La Ley de Identidad de Género (Gender Identity Law), enacted in 2007. |
Disputed territories
LGBT rights in: | Homosexual acts legal? | Recognition of same-sex relationships | Same-sex marriage | Same-sex adoption | Allows gays to serve openly in military? | Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) | Laws concerning gender identity/expression |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kosovo (only partially recognised, claimed by Serbia) | Legal since 1994 (as part of Serbia), 2008 (as partially recognised sovereign territory) | Unknown | Unknown | Bans some anti-gay discrimination | |||
Turkish Republic Northern Cyprus (only recognised by Republic of Turkey) | Legal since 2009 | Unknown | Unknown |