Airbus A330
| Airbus A330 | |
|---|---|
_landing_at_London_Gatwick_Airport.jpg)
| |
| Northwest Airlines A330-300 | |
| Role | Wide-body jet airliner |
| Manufacturer | Airbus |
| First flight | 2 November 1992 |
| Introduction | January 1994 with Air Inter |
| Primary users | Northwest Airlines Qatar Airways Emirates Cathay Pacific |
| Number built | 625 as of 30 June 2009 [1] |
| Developed from | Airbus A340 |
| Variants | Airbus A330 MRTT Northrop Grumman KC-45 |
The Airbus A330 is a large-capacity, wide-body, twin-engine, medium-to-long-range commercial passenger airliner. Built at Toulouse in France by Airbus, over 600 units have been delivered.
First flown in 1992 the A330 was developed at the same time as the four-engined Airbus A340 and shared common fuselage and wing components. The first variant (series 300) was delivered to Air Inter in 1994 and was followed by the slightly shorter series 200.[2] This has been followed by dedicated freighter variants.
A multi-role tanker and transport variant based on the series 200 has been developed as the Airbus A330 MRTT, this was further developed as the Northrop Grumman KC-45 which won a United States Air Force order which has since been cancelled.
Design and development
Airbus intended the A330 to compete directly in the ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operation Performance Standards) market, specifically with the Boeing 767. The A330 and A340 programs were jointly launched in November 1987.[2] Airlines purchased it to replace the McDonnell Douglas DC-10. The A330 is 38% more fuel efficient than the DC-10.[3]
The A330's fuselage and wings are virtually identical to those of the smaller A340 variants, although it has different engines. The A330 basic fuselage design is inherited from the Airbus A300, and the nose/cockpit section and the fly-by-wire system and flightdeck are inherited from the A320. Both the A330 and A340 are assembled on the same final assembly line at Toulouse-Blagnac, France.
By the end of July 2008, a total of 1,006 A330s[4] had been ordered and 555 delivered. The 1,000 milestone was passed with orders from the 2008 Farnborough Air Show. The largest operator of the A330 is Cathay Pacific with over 32 aircraft in service.[citation needed] Airbus expects the A330 to continue selling until at least 2015. [5]
Variants
There are two main variants of the A330. The A330-300 was launched in 1987 with introduction into service in 1993. The A330-200 was launched in 1995, introduced in 1998 with passenger, freighter and tanker (Airbus A330 MRTT) variants available.
A330-200
The A330-200 was developed to compete with the Boeing 767-300ER. The A330-200 is similar to the A340-200 or a shortened version of the A330-300. With poor sales of the A340-200 (of which only 28 were built), Airbus decided to use the fuselage of the A340-200 with the wings and engines of the A330-300. This significantly improved the economics of the plane and made the model more popular than the four-engined variant.
Its vertical fin is taller than that of the A330-300 to restore its effectiveness due to the shorter moment arm of the shorter fuselage. It has additional fuel capacity and, like the A330-300, has a Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) of 233 tonnes. Typical range with 253 passengers in a three-class configuration is 12,500 km (6,750 nautical miles).
Power is provided by two General Electric CF6-80E, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines. All engines are ETOPS-180 min rated. First customer deliveries, to ILFC/Canada 3000, were in April 1998.
The A330-200 is available as an ultra-long range corporate-jet by Airbus Executive and Private Aviation. The Boeing equivalent is currently the 767-300ER and in the future will be the 787-8. The A330-200 will eventually replaced by the A350-800.
A330-200HGW
In an announcement on 9 September 2008, Airbus released plans for a higher gross weight version of the A330-200 to more effectively compete against the Boeing 787. This new version will have a 238t MTOW and a range of 6,840 nmi (12,670 km). Airbus believes the first 20 787-8s will have a 219.5 t MTOW and be limited to a 6,720 nmi (12,450 km) range, around 1,000 nmi (1,900 km) less than the figures published by Boeing.[6] Korean Air became the first customer on 27 Febuary 2009, ordering six with deliveries starting in 2010.[1]
A330-200F
Due to flagging A300-600F and A310F sales, Airbus first began marketing a freighter derivative of the A330-200 around 2000-2001, although it was not launched at that time.[7] The A330-200F re-emerged at the 2006 Farnborough Airshow and received its industrial go-ahead in January 2007. The first flight is planned for late 2009.
The A330-200F is a mid-size, long-haul all-cargo aircraft capable of carrying 64 tonnes over 4,000 NM / 7,400 km, or 69 tonnes up to 3,200 NM / 5,930 km. It introduces a new versatile main-deck cargo loading system that will be able to accommodate both pallets and containers. Several different arrangements will be possible on the main deck, taking up to 23 Side-by-Side (SBS) pallets, aimed at the high volume, high value commodities or Single Row (SR) loading of 16 pallets (96”x 96”x125” SR pallets) and/or nine AMA containers aimed at the general cargo higher density markets.
To overcome the standard A330's nose-down body angle on the ground, the A330F will make use of a revised nose landing gear layout. The same leg will be used, however it will be attached lower in the fuselage, requiring a distinctive blister fairing on the nose to accommodate the retracted nose-gear.
Power is provided by two Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines.
As of 1 January 2009, Airbus had 65 firm orders from nine customers: Aircastle (7), BOC Aviation (5), Etihad Airways (3), Flyington Freighters (12), Guggenheim Aviation Partners (2), Intrepid Aviation Group (20), MatlinPatterson (6), MNG Airlines (2), and OH, Avion LLC (8). Additionally ACT Airlines has signed an MOU for 2.[8] The first delivery will be to Flyington Freighters in Spring 2010. [2]
Other wide-body freighters include the Boeing 767-300F, Boeing 747-400F, McDonnell Douglas DC-10F, McDonnell Douglas MD-11F, Boeing 777F and the Lockheed L-1011 Tristar.
A330-300
_landing_at_Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol_(1).jpg)
The A330-300, which entered service in 1993, was developed as replacement for the A300. It is based on a stretched A300-600 fuselage but with new wings, stabilisers and fly-by-wire systems.
The A330-300 carries 295 passengers in a three-class cabin layout (335 in 2 class and 440 in single class layout) over a range of 10,500 km (5,650 nautical miles). It has a large cargo capacity, comparable to early Boeing 747s.
It is powered by two General Electric CF6-80E, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines, all of which are ETOPS-180 min rated. French domestic airline Air Inter was the launch customer for the aircraft.
The direct Boeing equivalents are the Boeing 777-200 and the Boeing 767-400ER.
Tanker derivatives
- Airbus A330 MRTT
- The Multi-Role Transport and Tanker version (MRTT) of the A330-200 provides aerial refueling and strategic transport. To date it has been ordered by Australia, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and the UK.
- Northrop Grumman KC-45
- On 29 February 2008 the United States Air Force announced that an American assembled variant of the A330 MRTT, now designated KC-45A by the USAF, had been selected to replace the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker.[9] The Air Force's fleet of KC-135 tankers has been in service since 1957, the last aircraft having been delivered in 1965.[10] However, due to mistakes in the tanker selection process, outgoing Air Force head Michael Wynne told media that he expected the selection process to be repeated.[11]
Operators
A330 deliveries
By the end of June 2009 a total of 1,022 aircraft of the A330 have been ordered (558 A330-200, 65 A330-200F and 399 A330-300) and 625 delivered (351 A330-200 and 274 A330-300).[1]
| 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 |
| 38 | 72 | 68 | 62 | 56 | 47 | 31 | 42 | 35 | 43 | 44 | 23 | 14 | 10 | 30 | 9 | 1 |
Accidents and incidents
As of June 2009, the Airbus A330 has been involved in 10 incidents,[12] including two confirmed hull-loss accident and three other losses, for a total of 235 fatalities.[13]
- Notable accidents and incidents
- On 30 June 1994, an A330 owned by Airbus on a test flight simulating an engine failure on takeoff crashed shortly after take-off from Toulouse, killing all seven on board.[14][15] The aircraft was originally for Thai Airways International.[citation needed]
- On 15 March 2000, a 6-year-old Malaysia Airlines A330-300 aircraft was severely damaged by corrosive liquids that were being transported in the cargo hold on a passenger flight from Beijing to Kuala Lumpur. The corrosive liquid oxalyl chloride was mistakenly declared as non-toxic solid hydroxyquinoline. 18 canisters of the substance were transported via Kuala Lumpur intended to transit to Chennai. Five airport workers fell ill as they were unloading baggage from the aircraft at Kuala Lumpur after some of the canisters had leaked and chemicals spilled into the aircraft's cargo hold, resulting in extensive corrosion damage to the fuselage, wing box structure and landing gear. The aircraft was subsequently declared written-off.[16] On 12 June 2007, a court in Beijing ordered China National Chemical Construction Corp, the owner of the cargo, to pay US$65 million to Malaysia Airlines for the loss.[17]
- On 25 May 2000 a man named Reginald Chua hijacked Philippine Airlines Flight 812, using an A330. After the aircraft was depressurized, Chua jumped out of the aircraft. Chua died, while all of the other passengers and crew survived.[18]
- On 24 July 2001, two Sri Lankan Airlines A330-243s were destroyed on ground by an LTTE attack at Colombo's Bandaranaike International Airport, Sri Lanka, along with an Airbus A320-200, an Airbus A340-300 and a squadron of military aircraft. Another two planes, an A320 and an A340 were also damaged but have since been repaired.[19]
- On 24 August 2001, Air Transat, Flight 236, an A330-243, performed the world's longest recorded glide with a jet airliner after suffering fuel exhaustion over the Atlantic Ocean.[citation needed] The plane flew powerless for 19 minutes and covered 65 nautical miles (120 km) to an emergency landing in the Azores (Portugal). No one was injured, but the aircraft suffered some structural damage and blown tires.
- On 18 July 2003, B-HYA, a Dragonair A330-342 encountered severe turbulence associated with Tropical Depression Koni over the South China Sea, during the flight KA060 from Kota Kinabalu to Hong Kong. 12 crew members and 3 passengers were injured, of which 2 crew members sustained serious injuries, but there were no fatalities. The aircraft landed safely at Hong Kong International Airport.[20]
- On 7 October 2008, VH-QPA, an A330-303 operating Qantas Flight 72, suffered a rapid loss of altitude in two sudden uncommanded pitch down manoeuvres, causing serious injuries while 80 nautical miles (150 km) from Learmonth, Australia. After declaring an emergency, the aircraft landed safely at Learmonth.[21]
- On 1 June 2009, Air France Flight 447, an Airbus A330-203 en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris with 228 people onboard, was reported lost over the Atlantic Ocean.[22] The aircraft crashed in the Atlantic Ocean 400-500 miles northeast of the islands of Fernando de Noronha. All 228 passengers and crew were killed. Malfunctioning pitot tubes have provided an early focus for the investigation.[23]
Specifications
| Aircraft dimensions | A330-200 | A330-300 | A330-200F |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall length | 58.8 m (192 ft 11 in) | 63.6 m (208 ft 10 in) | 58.8 m (192 ft 11 in) |
| Height (to top of horizontal tail) | 17.40 m (57 ft 1 in) | 16.85 m (55 ft 3 in) | 16.9 m (55 ft 5 in) |
| Fuselage diameter | 5.64 m (18 ft 6 in) | ||
| Maximum cabin width | 5.28 m (17 ft 4 in) | ||
| Cabin length | 45.0 m (147 ft 8 in) | 50.35 m (165 ft 2 in) | 40.8 m (133 ft 10 in) |
| Wingspan (geometric) | 60.3 m (197 ft 10 in) | ||
| Wing area (reference) | 361.6 m² (3,892 sq ft) | ||
| Wing sweep (25% chord) | 30 degrees | ||
| Wheelbase | 22.2 m (72 ft 10 in) | 25.6 m (84 ft) | 22.2 m (72 ft 10 in) |
| Wheel track | 10.69 m (35 ft 1 in) | ||
| Basic operating data | |||
| Engines | two CF6-80E1 or PW4000 or RR Trent 700 | ||
| Engine thrust range | 303-320 kN | ||
| Typical passenger seating | 253 (3-class) 293 (2-class) 405 (1-class)[24] |
295 (3-class) 335 (2-class) |
- |
| Range (w/max. passengers) | 6,749 NM (12,500 km) |
5,669 NM (10,500 km) |
4,000 NM (7,400 km) |
| Cruising Speed | Mach 0.82 (871 km/h, 541 mph, 470 knots at 35,000 ft (10.7 km) cruise altitude) | ||
| Maximum Cruise Speed | Mach 0.86 (913 km/h, 568 mph, 493 knots at 35,000 ft (10.7 km) cruise altitude) | ||
| Takeoff run at MTOW | 2,220 metres (7,300 ft) | 2,500 metres (8,202 ft) | - |
| Bulk hold volume (Standard/option) | 19.7 / 13.76 m³ | 475 m³ | |
| Design weights | |||
| Maximum ramp weight | 230.9 (233.9) t | ||
| Maximum takeoff weight | 230 (233) t | ||
| Maximum landing weight | 180 (182) t | 185 (187) t | 182 (187) t |
| Maximum zero fuel weight | 168 (170) t | 173 (175) t | 173 (178) t |
| Maximum fuel capacity | 139,100 L | 97,170 L | 139,100 L |
| Typical operating weight empty | 120 t | 122 (124) t | 109 t |
| Typical volumetric payload | 36.4 t | 45.9 t | 69 t |
Engines
| Model | Date | Engines |
|---|---|---|
| A330-201 | 2003 | GE CF6-80E1A2 |
| A330-202 | 1998 | GE CF6-80E1A4 |
| A330-203 | 2002 | GE CF6-80E1A3 |
| A330-223 | 1999 | PW4168A |
| A330-243 | 2000 | RR Trent 772B-60 |
| A330-301 | 1993 | GE CF6-80E1A2 |
| A330-302 | 2007 | GE CF6-80E1A4 |
| A330-303 | 2007 | GE CF6-80E1A3 |
| A330-321 | 1999 | PW4164 |
| A330-322 | 1999 | PW4168 |
| A330-323 | 1999 | PW4168B |
| A330-341 | 2000 | RR Trent 768-60 |
| A330-342 | 2000 | RR Trent 772-60 |
| A330-343 | 2000 | RR Trent 772B-60 |
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
- ^ a b "Airbus orders & deliveries". Airbus S.A.S.
- ^ a b Frawley, Gerald. "Airbus A330-200". "Airbus A330-300". The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003/2004. Aerospace Publications, 2003. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.
- ^ "To Save Fuel, Airlines Find No Speck Too Small". New York Times, 11 June 2008.
- ^ 1,000 up for A330 Flight Global.com, 15/08/08
- ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aOFuFKLehXiA
- ^ "Airbus to offer heavier A330 against delayed 787." Flight Global. 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Airbus aims to fill freighter void with A330 derivative." Flight International. 14 March 2006.
- ^ "ACT Airlines commits for two A330 freighters." Airbus. 17 August 2006.
- ^ "Air Force Awards Tanker Contract to Northrop Grumman." The Pentagon. 29 February 2008.
- ^ ""KC-135 Stratotanker", Air Force Link, March 2008.
- ^ Reuters: Air Force to seek new tanker bids: outgoing boss
- ^ Airbus A330 incidents. Aviation-Safety.net, 7 June 2009. Retrieved: 8 June 2009.
- ^ Airbus A330 hull-losses. Aviation-Safety.net, 7 June 2009. Retrieved: 8 June 2009.
- ^ 30 June 1994 accident summary. AirDisaster.com.
- ^ Aviation Safety Network (2005). "Airbus A330-321 F-WWKH 30 June 1994 accident description". ASN Aviation Safety Database. Alexandria, Virginia: Flight Safety Foundation. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
- ^ "Chemical-damaged A330 is finally written off". Flight International, 27 March 2001.
- ^ Ionides, Nicholas. "Chinese firm ordered to pay $65m over chemical-damaged MAS A330". Flightglobal.com, 6 December 2007.
- ^ ""Brother says Philippine hijacker wanted to be a skydiver"". Associated Press. 2000-05-30. Retrieved 2007-09-05.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "ASN Aircraft accident description Airbus A.330-243 4R-ALF - Colombo-Bandaranayake Internation Airport". Retrieved 2006-08-03.
- ^ Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department B-HYA Accident Investigation report
- ^ "2008/40 - Qantas Airbus Incident Media Conference" (Press release). Australian Transport Safety Bureau. 2008-10-08. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ^ "Air France: No success in contacting missing A330". Flight International, Air Transport Intelligence news. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
- ^ "Bodies 'found' from missing plane". BBC News. 6 June 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
- ^ Airbus.com: TECHNICAL BACKGROUNDER A330-200
External links
