High-performance sailing

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The starting point is:

Sailing into the wind causes the apparent wind to be greater than the true wind and the direction of the apparent wind will be forward^[1] of the true wind. Some extreme design boats are capable of traveling faster than the true windspeed on some points of sail (and can even sail downwind faster than the wind - although this is not intuitively obvious^[2]^[3]; iceboats can sail both upwind and downwind at speeds far greater than the wind).

High-performance catamarans can sail at 20 degrees off the apparent wind.^[4]

Notes

^ Forward of means making a smaller angle relative to the bow than the angle that the true wind makes relative to the bow
^ http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2009/03/23/sailing-into-the-wind-or-faster-than-the-wind/
^ http://wordmunger.com/?p=1002
^ http://www.cupinfo.com/en/bmwo-multihull-san-diego-coutts-002.php

[1] Forward of means making a smaller angle relative to the bow than the angle that the true wind makes relative to the bow

[2] ttp://terrytao.wordpress.com/2009/03/23/sailing-into-the-wind-or-faster-than-the-wind/

[3] ttp://wordmunger.com/?p=1002

[4] ttp://www.cupinfo.com/en/bmwo-multihull-san-diego-coutts-002.php

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