Military Order of Italy
The Military Order of Italy is the highest military order of the Italian Republic and the former Kingdom of Italy. It was founded as the Military Order of Savoy, a national order of chivalry, by the King of Sardinia, Vittorio Emanuele I, Duke of Savoy in 1815.[1] The order is awarded in five degrees for distinguished wartime conduct of units of the armed forces or individual personnel that has "proven expertise, a sense of responsibility and valour."
The military order was continued on the unification of Italy in 1861 and was revived, under its new name, following the foundation of the Republic in 1946.[2] It is bestowed by decree of the President of the Italian Republic, head of the order, on the recommendation of the Minister of Defence. Today there are just 14 living recipients: five from the Army, three from the Navy and six from the Air Force.[3]
Grades
The various degrees of the order, which may be conferred posthumously, are as follows:
| Monarchy | Republic | Class (English) | Full title in Italian |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:218px-Cavaliere di gran croce OMS BAR.svg.png |  |
1st Class / Knight Grand Cross | Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia |
| File:218px-Grande ufficiale OMS BAR.svg.png |  |
2nd Class / Grand Officer | Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia |
| File:218px-Commendatore OMS BAR.svg.png |  |
3rd Class / Commander | Commendatore dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia |
| File:218px-Ufficiale OMS BAR.svg.png |  |
4th Class / Officer | Ufficiale dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia |
| File:218px-Cavaliere BAR.svg.png |  |
5th Class / Knight | Cavaliere dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia |
The lowest of these may also be awarded for peacetime actions. Recipients of the Military Order of Savoy were transferred to the Military Order of Italy retaining their existing accoutrements and seniority.
Insignia
- The badge is a golden matuna cross, enamelled in white, with a wreath of green-enamelled laurel and oak leaves between the arms of the cross. Officers and Knights wear this badge on a ribbon on the left chest. Commanders and Grand Officers wear it on a necklet.
- The obverse central disc during the monarchy was red enamel with a white enamel cross. The current version is in white enamel with the letters R.I. (for Repubblica Italiana). In both cases the disc is surrounded by a red enamel ring bearing the inscription Al Merito Militare.
- The reverse central disc is in red enamel with crossed swords. During the monarchy it had the letters V.E. (for Vittorio Emanuele) on the sides of the sword and the year 1855 above it. The current version has no cypher but has the additional year 1947, the date of the promulgation of the Italian constitution, below the swords.
- The badge for the three higher classes are suspended by a wreath of green-enamelled laurel and oak leaves; the Officer's badge is suspended by a golden trophy of arms instead and the Knight's badge has neither emblems.
- The star is an eight-pointed faceted silver star with the badge (without suspension) at the centre. This is worn by Knights Grand Cross and Grand Officers only.
- The ribbon is blue—red—blue in equal dimensions.
- Knights Grand Cross wear a sash with the badge of the order suspended from it.
See also
References
- ^ Founded by Letters Patent dated 14 August 1815, renewed by Royal Decree on 27 September 1855 and 28 March 1857
- ^ Under Legislative Decree of the Provisional Head of State No. 15 of 2 June 1947, renewed by Law No. 199 of 27 March 1952
- ^ Ordini Cavallereschi della Republica Italiana Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (retrieved 10 September 2009)
External links
- Presidenza della Repubblica - Le Onorificenze Template:It
- Ordini dinastici della Real Casa di Savoia Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{langx|en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead.