Serov Instructions
The so-called Serov Instructions "On the Procedure for carrying out the Deportation of Anti-Soviet Elements from Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia" was an undated top secret document, signed by General Ivan Serov, Deputy People's Commissariat for State Security of the Soviet Union (NKGB). The instructions detailed procedures how to carry out the mass deportations to Siberia of June 13 and June 14, 1941 throughout the Baltics during the first Soviet occupation of 1940–1941.
The instructions specified that the deportations would be carried out as secretly, quietly, and speedily as possible. The families were allowed to take up to 100 kilograms (220 lb) of their belongings (clothes, food, kitchen ware). Once at the train station, the head of the family was to be separated from women and children and placed in a separate car. Men were sent to prison camps, while their families were transported to labor camps (see Gulag).
Dating and confusion
While the original document is undated, sources provide various dates from October 11, 1939 to January 21, 1941.[1] However, the NKGB was created only on February 3, 1941 and therefore could not issue documents prior to that.[2] A copy of the instructions, found in Šiauliai, had a stamp that the document was received on June 7.[3] Therefore the instructions must have been written sometime between February and June 1941.
The Serov Instructions are often confused with Order № 001223,[3] a completely different document signed by Lavrenty Beria on October 11, 1939.[4] The original Serov Instructions bear no date or number.[3] The confusion possibly originates from the Third Interim Report by the United States House Select Committee to Investigate the Incorporation of the Baltic States into the U.S.S.R., which published full text of the Instructions under a misleading heading as Order № 001223.[3] The Order was prepared by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) and listed various groups of people (anti-communists, former military or police personnel, large landowners, industrialists, etc.) that would be targeted by Soviet security structures according to the Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code).[4]
See also
References
- ^ Museum of the Occupation of Latvia
- ^ Parrish, Michael (1996). The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939–1953. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 262. ISBN 0275951138.
- ^ a b c d Shtromas, Alexander (2003). Totalitarianism and the Prospects for World Order: Closing the Door on the Twentieth Century. Applications of Political Theory. Lexington Books. p. 292. ISBN 0739105345.
- ^ a b Template:Lt icon Anušauskas, Arvydas (1996). Lietuvių tautos sovietinis naikinimas 1940–1958 metais. Vilnius: Mintis. pp. 18–19. ISBN 5-417-00713-7.