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Public Enemies (2009 film)

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For the DC Comics animated movie, see Superman/Batman: Public Enemies.
Public Enemies
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMichael Mann
Written byScreenplay:
Ronan Bennett
Ann Biderman
Michael Mann
Book:
Bryan Burrough
Produced byMichael Mann
Kevin Misher
StarringJohnny Depp
Christian Bale
Marion Cotillard
Billy Crudup
Stephen Dorff
Lili Taylor
Channing Tatum
Emilie de Ravin
CinematographyDante Spinotti
Edited byPaul Rubell
Jeffrey Ford
Music byElliot Goldenthal
Production
companies
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release date
July 1, 2009
Running time
140 min.
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$100 million
Box office$194,048,238[1]

Public Enemies is a 2009 American crime film co-written and directed by Michael Mann. Set during the Great Depression, it focuses on the true story of FBI agent Melvin Purvis's attempt to stop criminals John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, and Pretty Boy Floyd. The film is an adaptation of Bryan Burrough's non-fiction book Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933–34. Christian Bale plays FBI agent Purvis, Johnny Depp plays Dillinger, Marion Cotillard plays Dillinger's girlfriend Billie Frechette, Stephen Graham plays Nelson, and Channing Tatum plays Floyd.

Plot

The film opens in 1933 as John Dillinger (Johnny Depp) is brought to the Indiana State Prison by his partner John "Red" Hamilton (Jason Clarke), under the disguise of a prisoner drop. Dillinger and Hamilton overpower several guards and free members of their gang including Charles Makley (Christian Stolte) and Harry Pierpont (David Wenham). The jailbreak goes off without a hitch, until gang member Ed Shouse (Michael Vieau) beats a guard to death. A shootout ensues as the gang makes its getaway. Dillinger's friend and mentor Walter Dietrich (James Russo) is killed, and a furious Dillinger kicks Shouse out of the car. The rest of the gang retreats to a farm house hideout, where crooked East Chicago, Indiana cop Martin Zarkovich (John Michael Bolger) convinces them to hide out in Chicago, where they can be sheltered by the local Mafia.HENCH GUY YEAH?

In East Liverpool, Ohio, Melvin Purvis (Christian Bale) and several other FBI agents and East Liverpool Cops are running down Pretty Boy Floyd (Channing Tatum). Purvis kills Floyd and is promoted by J. Edgar Hoover (Billy Crudup), who is struggling to expand his Bureau into a national police agency, to lead the hunt for John Dillinger, declaring the first national "War on Crime."

In between a series of bank robberies, including a violent one at the First National Bank in East Chicago, Indiana, where Dillinger kills an East Chicago cop, Dillinger meets Billie Frechette (Marion Cotillard), his love interest, at a restaurant, and proceeds to woo her by buying her a fur coat. Frechette falls for Dillinger even after he tells her who he is, and the two quickly become inseparable.

Melvin Purvis leads a failed ambush at a hotel where he believes Dillinger is staying. An agent is shot and killed by the occupant. After the man escapes, Purvis realizes the killer wasn't Dillinger but Baby Face Nelson (Stephen Graham). After this incident, Purvis requests Hoover to bring in a professional lawmen who know how to catch criminals dead or alive, including Texas "cowboy" Charles Winstead (Stephen Lang).

Police finally find Dillinger and arrest him and his gang in Tucson. Purvis arrives that evening and briefly talks with Dillinger; Dillinger tries to size Purvis up and manages to unnerve him with his talk about the agent killed by Nelson. Dillinger is extradited back to the Lake County Jail in Crown Point, Indiana, where he is locked up by Sherriff Lillian Holley (Lili Taylor) pending trial. Dillinger and a few inmates,chief among them is Herbert Youngblood (played by Michael Bentt), carve a fake wooden gun and use it to escape the jail in Sherriff Holley's Police Cruiser. Dillinger is unable to see Frechette, who is under tight surveillance. Dillinger learns that Frank Nitti's (Bill Camp) Chicago Outfit associates are now unwilling to help him; Dillinger's crimes are motivating the U.S. government to begin prosecuting interstate crime, which imperils Nitti's lucrative bookmaking racket.

Later, Dillinger meets fellow bank robber Tommy Carroll (Spencer Garrett) in a movie theater; with him is Ed Shouse, who wants to rejoin the gang. Carroll goads Dillinger into a bank robbery job in Sioux Falls, promising a huge score. Even though Baby Face Nelson is involved, whom he doesn't like, Dillinger agrees. A shootout (triggered by Nelson shooting a cop outside the bank) occurs in which Dillinger is shot in the arm, and Carroll is shot and left for dead. They retreat to Nelson's wilderness hideout in Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin, where Dillinger's wounds are treated; the gang is disappointed to find that their haul is only a fraction of what they expected. Dillinger expresses hope he can free the rest of his gang still in prison, including Pierpont and Makley, but Red convinces him this is unlikely to happen.

Purvis and his men apprehend Carroll (who is still alive) and torture him to find the rest of the gang's location. They arrive at Little Bohemia and Purvis organizes another failed ambush, in which several civilians are killed in the cross-fire. Dillinger and Red escape separately from Nelson and the rest of the gang. Agents Winstead and Hurt (Don Frye) pursue Dillinger and Hamilton through the woods on foot, engaging them in a running gun battle in which Red is shot and fatally wounded. Trying to escape along the road, Nelson, Shouse and Homer Van Meter (Stephen Dorff) hijack an FBI car, killing several agents in the process, including Purvis's partner Carter Baum (Rory Cochrane). After a car chase, Purvis and his men kill Nelson and the rest of the gang. Further down the road, Dillinger and Hamilton steal a farmer's car and make good their escape; Hamilton dies later that night and Dillinger buries his body, covering it in lye.

Dillinger manages to meet Frechette, telling her he plans to do one last job that will pay enough for them to escape together. However, Dillinger drops her off at a hotel he thinks is safe and helplessly watches as she is captured by the FBI while sobbing. An interrogator, the brutish Agent Harold Reinecke (Adam Mucci) viciously beats Frechette to learn Dillinger's whereabouts, but she refuses to talk, instead sneering that they missed their chance to capture him at the hotel, and that Dillinger's anger will know no bounds when he hears about her treatment; Purvis and Winstead arrive and angrily break up the abusive interrogation. Meanwhile, Dillinger is meeting with Alvin Karpis (Giovanni Ribisi), who tries to recruit a disinterested Dillinger in a train robbery with his associates, the Barker Gang. After hearing about the massive reward, Dillinger agrees to pull the robbery and flee the country the next day. Dillinger receives a note from Billie through his lawyer, Louis Piquet (Peter Gerety), telling him not to try and break her out of jail.

Through crooked cop Zarkovich, Purvis enlists the help of a madam and Dillinger acquaintance Anna Sage (Branka Katic), threatening her with deportation if she does not cooperate. She agrees to set up Dillinger, who is hiding with Sage.

That night Dillinger and Sage see a Clark Gable movie called Manhattan Melodrama at the Biograph Theater. When the movie is over, Dillinger and the women leave as Purvis moves in. Dillinger spots the police (specifically Reinecke, the man who beat up Dillinger's gal) and is shot several times before he can draw his gun against the cop who harmed Frechette. Agent Winstead, who fired the fatal shot, listens to Dillinger's last words. Purvis departs to inform Hoover that Dillinger is dead.

Later, Winstead meets Frechette in prison. He tells her that Dillinger's dying words were "Tell Billie for me, 'Bye bye Blackbird.'" The closing text reveals that Melvin Purvis quit the FBI shortly afterwards and died by his own hand in 1960, and that Billie lived out of the rest of her life in Wisconsin following her release in 1936.

Cast

Pre-production

Cotillard at the film's Paris premiere

Public Enemies is based on Bryan Burrough's 2004 non-fiction book, Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933–34. Burrough had originally begun researching the subject with the aim of creating a miniseries. The idea was accepted by HBO and Burrough was made an executive producer, along with Robert De Niro's Tribeca Productions, and was asked to write the screenplay.[9] However, Burrough had no experience in screenwriting, and says his drafts were probably "very, very bad. Ishtar bad." He began simultaneously writing a non-fiction book, which he found easier, spending two years working on it while the interest in the miniseries disappeared.[9] Burrough's book was set to be published in the summer of 2004 and he asked HBO to return the movie rights. They agreed and after the book was released, the rights were re-sold to production companies representing Michael Mann and Leonardo DiCaprio, the latter of whom was interested in playing John Dillinger. Burrough met with a representative and then heard nothing for three years.[9] The actor eventually left the project to appear in Martin Scorsese's Shutter Island.[10]

In 2007, Mann renewed interest in the project with Universal Pictures backing it. He wrote the screenplay with Ronan Bennett and Ann Biderman and also directed.[3] Of the screenplay, Burrough has said "it's not 100 percent historically accurate. But it's by far the closest thing to fact Hollywood has attempted, and for that I am both excited and quietly relieved."[11]

Filming

Principal photography began in Columbus, Wisconsin on March 17, 2008[12] and continued in Chicago, Illinois; Joliet, Illinois; Lockport, Illinois; Oshkosh, Wisconsin; Beaver Dam, Wisconsin; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Madison, Wisconsin; and several other places in Wisconsin until the end of June 2008, including the Little Bohemia Lodge in Manitowish Waters, Wisconsin, the actual location of a 1934 gun fight between Dillinger and the FBI.[13] Some parts of the film were shot in Crown Point, Indiana, the town where Dillinger was imprisoned and subsequently escaped from jail. The actual 1932 Studebaker used by Dillinger during a robbery in Greencastle, Indiana was also used during filming in Columbus, borrowed from the nearby Historic Auto Attractions museum.[14]

The decision to shoot parts of the film in Wisconsin came about because of the number of high quality historic buildings. Mann, who had been a student at University of Wisconsin–Madison,[15] scouted locations in Baraboo and Columbus as well as looking at 1930s-era cars from collectors in the Madison area.[16] In addition, the film was shot on actual historical sites, including the Little Bohemia Lodge, and the old Lake County jail in Crown Point, Indiana, where Dillinger staged his most famous escape where legend has it he fooled jail guards with a wooden gun[17] and escaped in the sheriff's car.[11] Scenes were shot at places that he frequented in Oshkosh. The courthouse in Darlington is the location for the courthouse scenes. A bank robbery scene was shot inside the Milwaukee County Historical Society, a former bank in Milwaukee that still has much of the original period architecture.[18]

In late March 2008 portions of the film were shot at Libertyville High School. Footage includes one of the school's science labs, an office, the school's front entrance, and the locker rooms.

In April 2008 the production filmed in Oshkosh.[19] Filming occurred downtown and at Pioneer Airport, including scenes shot using a historic Ford Trimotor airliner owned by the Experimental Aircraft Association.[20] Later that month, filming started at the Little Bohemia Lodge. In April and May 2008, film crews shot on the grounds of Ishnala, a historic restaurant in the Wisconsin Dells area.

The film became a flash point in the public debate about the "film tax credits" [21] which are offered by many states. According to a study by Wisconsin's Department of Commerce, the state of Wisconsin gave NBC Universal $4.6 million in tax credits, while the film company spent just $5 million in Wisconsin during filming.

Michael Mann, the director, decided to shoot the movie in HD format instead of using the traditional 35 mm film.[22]

  • The Biograph Theater and (adjoining businesses) redressed for the film.
    The Biograph Theater and (adjoining businesses) redressed for the film.
  • Farmer's & Merchants Bank, redressed for the film.
    Farmer's & Merchants Bank, redressed for the film.
  • First National Bank during filming
    First National Bank during filming

Post-production

Music

Mann also brought composer Elliot Goldenthal on board to score the film; Goldenthal also scored Mann's 1995 film Heat to critical acclaim.[23] Jazz musician Diana Krall also makes a cameo appearance singing the ballad "Bye Bye Blackbird," while Dillinger and his new love interest Billie Frechette share their first dance. A duduk is also featured in the movie.

Font

Mann commissioned graphic designer Neville Brody to create a new font which would be used in the film's title sequence and associated publicity material.[24] Brody had previously worked with Mann on the titles for Heat and The Insider.[25] Brody created a font he called New Deal. His brief was to create something which evoked the Depression era the film is set in.[24] Mann initially suggested using the London Underground typeface Johnston as a reference.[25] Brody and his team took inspiration from Soviet Constructivist styles, the New Deal program and in particular the publicity material of the WPA as a basis for the font.[25] The final design was selected and refined from more than 300 options.[25] According to Brody the font is "solid, clearly masculine and immovable."[24]

Rating

In the United States Public Enemies has received an MPAA rating of R for gangster violence and some language.[26]. In the United Kingdom, the film received a 15 certificate from the BBFC with consumer advice "Contains Strong Violence."[27] In Germany, Public Enemies only received an FSK 12 rating.

Reception

Depp at the film's Paris, France premiere

The film received fairly positive reviews from critics. As of August 9, 2009, the film holds a 67% "Certified Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, out of 230 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10.[28] It currently holds a 70/100 from Metacritic, which indicates "generally favorable reviews."[29] Rob James from Total Film gave the film 4/4 stars, stating: "This superstar crime thriller emerges as something surprising, fascinating and technically dazzling."[30] Most critics also praised the film's performances, specifically Depp as Dillinger. Roger Ebert, who gave it a 3.5/4 stars, claimed that "This Johnny Depp performance is something else. For once an actor playing a gangster does not seem to base his performance on movies he has seen. He starts cold. He plays Dillinger as a fact."[31] Billy Crudup's performance was also praised, with his performance being described as "disarmingly good" by Variety's Todd McCarthy[32]. Critics also gave praise to the film's cinematography and set pieces. Manohla Dargis of The New York Times stated that "Michael Mann's "Public Enemies" is a grave and beautiful work of art. Shot in high-definition digital by a filmmaker who's helping change the way movies look, it revisits with meticulous detail and convulsions of violence a short, frantic period in the life and bank-robbing times of John Dillinger."[33] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine, who gave the film 3.5/4 stars, said "It's movie dynamite." Ross Miller of Movie World gave the film 4.5/5 stars, and called the film, "a competent, compelling accomplishment that rings true and feels real from start to finish."

Some critics, however, disliked the film. Critic Liam Lacey claimed that the film was missing "any image of the economic misery that made Dillinger a folk hero" while also stating that "the most regrettable crime here is the way that Mann, trying to do too much, robs himself of a great opportunity."[34] Similarly, Richard Corliss of TIME magazine claimed that the film's emphasis on docudrama allowed for "precious little dramatic juice".[35]

Historical inaccuracies

Although the film has been praised for its attention to period detail and general accuracy, it takes significant creative license with known facts:

Though Dillinger's robbery spree after his release from Michigan City Prison financed the bribery necessary to get the guns into Michigan City Prison, Dillinger was not present during the prison break; he was still in jail himself in Lima, Ohio at the time. Also, no one was killed in the Michigan City break, but Sheriff Jesse Sarber was killed in the jailbreak at Lima.

Dillinger died (July 22, 1934) before both Pretty Boy Floyd (October 22, 1934) and Baby Face Nelson (November 27, 1934). Other gang members and associates depicted being killed in the film, including Walter Dietrich, Ed Shouse, and Homer Van Meter, also outlived Dillinger.

It's unknown if Purvis actually shot Floyd, though he was armed only with a Colt M1911 pistol and not a Mauser rifle as depicted in the film. Contrary to the film's portrayal, Purvis, four other FBI Agents and several East Liverpool policemen, armed with a variety of weapons (pistols, shotguns, rifles and at least one Tommy gun), fired several volleys at Floyd en masse, hitting him at least twice; because of this, who exactly shot Floyd may be unknowable. The exact circumstances of Floyd's death are still a matter of controversy, with East Liverpool policeman Chester Smith alledging one of Purvis's men summarily executed Floyd after he had been wounded, while FBI Agents present denied this allegation, claiming he was fatally injured and died from his initial injuries. It may also be noted that Floyd was gunned down in an open field, not in an orchard as the film portrays, and was not armed with a Tommy gun but only a .45 pistol at the time.

The hearing with Hoover and Senator Kenneth McKellar of Tennessee actually took place several years after the events depicted in the film.

Hoover had already declared a "war on crime" before Dillinger came to national attention; the July 17th, 1933 Kansas City Massacre of four FBI Agents and police officers, in which Pretty Boy Floyd was allegedly involved, was the trigger for the "war", along with the kidnappings of St. Paul brewery heir William Hamm by the Barker-Karpis Gang (which is referenced in the film) and oil tycoon Edward Urschell by George "Machine Gun" Kelly.

Homer Van Meter and Harry Pierpont are shown taking part in several bank robberies together, when in reality the two men hated each other and never worked together on a robbery.

The film shows Purvis calling in the Texas "cowboys" after a (fictional) failed ambush of Nelson, over the objections of a reluctant Hoover. In reality, Winstead and his men only arrived in Chicago after Little Bohemia and at Hoover's instigation; Hoover considered Purvis incompetent and would later clash with him over the attention Purvis received for the killings of Dillinger and Floyd.

Similarly, Purvis was no longer officially in charge of the Dillinger investigation by the time of Little Bohemia; Special Agent Sam Cowley had succeeded him at Hoover's orders. Cowley is only a minor character in the film and is killed by Nelson at Little Bohemia.

The gang had been staying at Little Bohemia for several days when Purvis and his men arrived; in the film they're depicted as stopping there overnight after a robbery.

The Little Bohemia ambush was a major fiasco, unlike the film's portrayal where all of Dillinger's associates are killed. Dillinger and his men slipped out the back after the FBI fired shots on CCC workers leaving the lodge; Nelson was the only gang member to actually exchange shots with Purvis's men, and none of the gangsters were killed.

Tommy Carroll (shown as getting wounded and captured after the Sioux Falls robbery in the film) was with Dillinger at Little Bohemia and was killed two months later; Ed Shouse, shown as being present (and killed) at Little Bohemia, was in prison at the time.

Purvis did not shoot Nelson and was not present when he was killed. Nelson died in a shootout at Barrington, Illinois with Agents Hollis and Cowley, who both died from Nelson's bullets.

Alvin Karpis never met Dillinger (although he knew Nelson fairly well, and his partners Doc Barker and Volney Davis helped bury Hamilton) and did not ask him to join the Barker-Karpis gang on any jobs.

Billie was actually arrested before Little Bohemia, not after as depicted in the film, though otherwise the scene is very accurate.

Anna Sage, Dillinger's betrayer, did not know Dillinger for over a year before and was not a good friend as depicted.

Polly Hamilton, the girl he goes to the movies with in the final scene of the film, was actually Dillinger's lover, while the film shows Billie Frechette as his only love interest.

Dillinger did not enter the offices of the Dillinger Squad, but rather another state police department.

Release

A preview of Public Enemies was seen at the end of the 81st Academy Awards, with the first trailer being released shortly after on March 5, 2009. Public Enemies had its world premiere in Chicago on June 19, 2009,[36] and was released in Los Angeles on June 23, 2009.[citation needed] The film was given wide release in the United States on July 1.

References

  1. ^ http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=publicenemies.htm
  2. ^ Kit, Borys (January 11, 2008). "It's Bale as manhunter in Enemies". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2008-01-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f Fleming, Michael (January 27, 2008). "Michael Mann rounds up 'Enemies'". Variety. Retrieved 2008-01-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b Kit, Borys (February 22, 2008). "Wenham, Graham join Public Enemies". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2008-02-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ Carroll, Larry (January 29, 2008). "Ortiz Cast In Public Enemies, Revs Up For Fast And The Furious 4". MTV Movies Blog. Retrieved 2008-01-31. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1152836/
  7. ^ Bartyzel, Monica (May 22, 2008). "Casting Bites: Russo, Chonacas, and Beaumon". Cinematical. Retrieved 2008-05-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Woulfe, Molly (March 21, 2008). "Local Officers in Spotlight in 'Public Enemies'". The Times, Munster, IN. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "accessdate 2008-07-02" ignored (help)
  9. ^ a b c Burrough, Brian (March 12, 2008). "Bryan Burrough: From Page to Screen". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2008-03-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ Mayberry, Carly (December 4, 2007). "Depp casing Mann's Public heist". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2007-12-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ a b Burrough, Brian (March 7, 2008). "Bryan Burrough: Behind the Book, Not the Camera". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2008-03-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Burrough, Brian (March 6, 2008). "Bryan Burrough: Public Enemies, Take One". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2008-03-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Pitsch, Mark (January 28, 2008). "Collectors hope classic cars will get movie role". Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved 2008-01-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Baxter, Rob (March 7, 2008). "Rob Baxter: Car from Roscoe to star in Gangster Movie". Rockford Register Star. Retrieved 2008-03-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ http://www.filmwisconsin.net/News/Stars.asp#mann
  16. ^ Bauer, Scott (February 26, 2008). "It's official: Johnny Depp is coming to Wisconsin". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-02-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Erickson, Matthew, and Bill Thornbro (28 March 2008). "A Year in the Life" (PDF). The Times of Northwest Indiana.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "Johnny Depp Coming To Milwaukee". MyFoxMilwaukee.com. WITI-TV. 28 February 2008.
  19. ^ "Oshkosh Public Enemies". Unknown. 8 March 2009.
  20. ^ "EAA Plays Prominent Role In Public Enemies". Experimental Aircraft Association. 13 April 2008.
  21. ^ "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel on film tax credits".
  22. ^ "Michael Mann's HD defence". bangshowbiz.com. 1 July 2009.
  23. ^ Carlsson, Mikael (5 April 2008). "Elliot Goldenthal: Public Enemies". Upcoming Film Scores. Blogspot.com.
  24. ^ a b c "Neville Brody's fave film fonts and opening sequences". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  25. ^ a b c d "Dogshit - The Rebuttal". David Croy. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  26. ^ "Public Enemies". http://www.mpaa.org. Retrieved 2009-02-17. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help); Text "Motion Picture Association of America" ignored (help)
  27. ^ "Public Enemies". BBFC.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  28. ^ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10009526-public_enemies/
  29. ^ http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/publicenemies?q=public%20enemies
  30. ^ "Public Enemies Movie Review". Total Film. Future Publishing. Retrieved 2009-06-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  31. ^ http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090629/REVIEWS/906299997
  32. ^ http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117940559.html?categoryid=31&cs=1
  33. ^ http://movies.nytimes.com/2009/07/01/movies/01enemies.html?partner=Rotten%20Tomatoes&ei=5083
  34. ^ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/public-enemies/article1202376/
  35. ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1907150,00.html
  36. ^ "Public Enemies Premiere". Chicago Business. Retrieved 2009-04-15. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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