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Kanonersky Tunnel

Coordinates: 59°54′13″N 30°13′28″E / 59.90361°N 30.22444°E / 59.90361; 30.22444
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Kanonersky tunnel
Underwater part of a tunnel
Overview
LocationKirovskiy Distrikt of Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Coordinates59°54′13″N 30°13′28″E / 59.90361°N 30.22444°E / 59.90361; 30.22444
StartDvinskaya street of Gutuevsky Iseland
EndKanonersky Island
Operation
Work begun1970[1]
Constructed1970-1983[1]
OwnerSaint Petersburg City Administration
OperatorSUE "Mostotrest"[1]
TrafficAutomotive
CharacterCity automobile movement
Vehicles per day1500[1]
Technical
Length927 metres (3,041 ft),[2]
647 metres (2,123 ft) (between portals)
No. of lanesOne in each part
Operating speed60 kilometres per hour (37 mph)
Width8.5 metres (28 ft) (roadway)

Kanonersky tunnel (Template:Lang-ru[4]) is a tunnel under Sea canаl in Kirovskiy Distrikt of Saint-Petersburg. It is from outside Gutuevsky island to it approaches Dvinskaya street to Kanonersky Island, White square.

Overview

Till 1983 on island it was possible to get on the ferry (it was last ferry line of Saint Petersburg) or a private boat[2], daily through Sea canаl it was crossing more than 2 million peoples.[5]. Constantly operating crossing also was necessary for transportation of cargoes from Big port Saint Petersburg.[1] Because of that on the Sea channel movement of courts sea-gauge to 10 metres (33 ft) and width to 40 metres (130 ft), bridge building have refused. The decision to build a tunnel was accepted.

The project has been prepared Lengiprotrans,[3] building carried out Giprostroymost.[6] Geodetic maintenance of building carried out Petersburg State University of Means of Communication.[7] Tunnel built a method buried sections: in preliminary dug trench it has been laid five identical sections, each of which had length of 75 metres (246 ft) and weighed about 8,000 tonnes (8,800 short tons). This method has been applied for the first time in Soviet Union, the length of a site dipping sections has made 375 metres (1,230 ft). For building of the sections on the bank of the Sea canal the original dock-sluice has been constructed. After sluicing the created sections closed from end faces by metal partitions, were counterbalanced by water and on the Sea canal were transported to the place of immersing. It fell on a tackles also was joined to earlier established section, forming a uniform design. For the immersing control divers at the underwater worked.[6]

After packing of designs from them have pumped out water and have built underground tunnels and portals; the full length of a tunnel has made 927 metres (3,041 ft).[2] It is constructed on two lanes (on one in each part), except is in a tunnel there is a foot path, and also on a tunnel pass cables of an electrical supply and communication, the water supply and central heating pipes connecting Kanonersky island with a city.[8]

Periodically water gets to a tunnel, experts explain it defects of a waterproofing. After solemn opening of a tunnel, it has been closed for three months for completion, in 1998-2002 tunnel major repairs,[2] In 2004 Lengiprotrans again made repair work.[3] In 2006 there was a mooring damage over a tunnel, from it the tunnel also has been damaged,[9] and the end of June, 2009 tunnel repair again was required, the drainage system has been replaced.[10]

The tunnel is not closed on repair, but movement is essentially limited. Failures in a tunnel occur seldom and because of low speeds do without victims, but elimination of their consequences can occupy some hours.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Уникальный ремонт подводного тоннеля на Канонерский остров через Морской канал в Санкт-Петербурге будет закончен в конце 2002 года" (in Russian). Saint Petersburg, Russia: Saint Petersburg Business Guide. 2001-08-16. Retrieved 2009-11-04. {{cite news}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d Kelner, Irina (2004). "Kanonersky Island [[:Template:Lang-ru]]". Addresses of Petersburg Template:Lang-ru (in Russian). Saint Petersburg, Russia. Retrieved 2009-11-04. {{cite journal}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c "Lengiprotrans: objects" (in Russian). Russia: Lengiprotrans. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  4. ^ This informal name, but it is used both inhabitants, and mass-media and state structures
  5. ^ "Речные переправы  :: Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга" (in Russian). Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  6. ^ a b "Канонерский тоннель г.Санкт-Петербурге". Projects: Tunnels (in Russian). Saint Petersburg, Russia: Giprostroymost. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  7. ^ "Кафедра "Инженерная геодезия"" (in Russian). Saint Petersburg, Russia: Petersburg State University of Means of Communication. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  8. ^ Tumakova, Irina. "К владычице морской как уплыл за границу канонерский завод" (in Russian). Saint Petersburg, Russia: Lawmix.ru. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  9. ^ Timofeev, E. P. "Не спекулируйте, господа" (in Russian). www.1917.com. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  10. ^ "Предстоящей ночью ограничат движение в Канонерском тоннеле". Roads (in Russian). Karpovka.net. 2009-06-30. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  11. ^ "Фоторепортаж с места аварии в Канонерском тоннеле. Сейчас движение уже открыто". Incindents (in Russian). Saint Petersburg, Russia: fontanka.ru. 2006-10-05. Retrieved 2009-11-04. {{cite news}}: External link in |publisher= (help)


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