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Sammy Lee (scientist)

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Sammy Lee (born Samuel Lee, 1958) is an expert on fertilityCite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the help page).The GuardianMotherhood-Fertility-treatment-cancer IVF [18]</ref> and in vitro fertilisation[1].

The man himself

He has been a hospital scientific consultant and was the chief scientist at the Wellington IVF programme[2]. His book Counselling in Male Infertility was published in 1996 and he has contributed to major newspaper articles, and has appeared on several current affairs television programmes. He was the "inspiration" for Anthony Ling, the character in the novel One Life by Rebecca Frayn (Simon & Schuster 2006, ISBN 0-7432-6876-8), after the author herself sought Lee's help for IVF treatment [3]

Current Research

Lee’s current interests lie in the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. He is collaborating with various groups in the Anatomy Department at University College London examining the potential of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells to give rise to neuronal/glial lineages in response to various growth factors and tissue culture manipulations. He also teaches ethics in reproduction at University College London. In addition, he is interested in tissue engineering and teaching ethics in reproduction. He is attached to the Jessen-Mirsky laboratory and is studying remyelination. Lee has ethical committee approval in Brasil for creating artificial gametes from umbilical cord blood derived stem cells. It is hoped these will be used to overcome infertility[4].

Biography

Lee originally researched his PhD at UCL under the supervision of Professor Ricardo Miledo in the school of Sir Bernard Katz [5]. Lee is also a signatory to a memento presented to Sir Bernard Katz on his 80th birthday from bona fide members of the school-occasion when the phrase "School of Katz" was coined [6].

Lee first published research in Neuroscience during the 1980s (from the Biophysics department at UCL), having worked on nerve muscle interaction ranging from examining TTX-resistant action potentials in denervated muscle [7] to studying cholinesterase activity in dissociated adult muscle fibres [8] (following on the work first done in the same department by Bill Betz and Bert Sakmann [9] [10] Nobel Prize winner, 1992 [11]. Lee changed his focus to embryos, when he realised that many of the questions framed by his Neuroscience research were rooted in the matter of differentiation. The ultimate undifferentiated cell is the fertilised egg. This led Lee to work on gap junctions in early mammalian embryos (in the Anatomy & Embryology department at UCL), where work with Anne Warner FRS and Anne McLaren DBE FRS produced new information on factors affecting communication between cells and their developmental potential[12] [13].

Lee became a clinical embryologist in 1985, when working with the gynaecologist Ian Craft[14] he directed the IVF laboratory at the Wellington Hospital in London, then one of the largest units in the world. Consultancy work with the UK division of Ares Serono (1986-1994) also involved work with the Bourn Hallam Group, which Patrick Steptoe and Bob Edwards had set up after Louise Brown's birth. From 1995 to 2002 he was based at the Portland Hospital for Women & Children.[15] [16] [17]

Lee is now based again at UCL. He is interested in tissue engineering and teaching ethics in reproduction.[18] He is now working on tissue engineering and stem cells mainly concerned with background research on Stem cells and Progenitor cells. Dr. Lee also has a keen interest in ethics and expresses this at UCL by running a course titled "Ethics of Fertility and Embryo Research". His students remark him to be knowledgeable in the field of ethics and enthusiastic, they have particularly noted that he is clearly a fan of Kant.

He has previously served as an international editor of the Brazilian Journal of Assisted Reproduction. He has served as a Trustee and director of several charities. His curriculum vitae lists numerous scientific publications. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Health (now Royal Society for PublicHealth) and the Royal Society of Medicine, both in 1987.[19]

Lee's team at the Wellington pioneered the first UK practise of gamete Intra-fallopian Transfer (GIFT), The GIFT of Life (a technique invented by Ricardo Asch in the USA). The team was the second to carry out GIFT and then proceeded to post the largest series in the world in 1986.[20][21]

Lee also helped perform some of the first egg donations in the UK, when directing the Wellington Hospital IVF Laboratory.[22]

Lee pioneered a simple inexpensive efficient form of Mechanical Assisted Hatching in the UK.[23]. He produced the world's first intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI with NASBA virus assay) virus free baby to an HIV discordant couple.[24]

Lee has many media appearances having been on many TV shows as well as writing a number of newspapers articles . He has written several books of his own: such as Counselling in Male Infertility, and has also been a contributor/consultant in such books: The Miraculous World of The Unborn Baby (Quadrillion, Godalming, Surrey 1998) ISBN 1-85833-966-9, Natural Fertility (Hamlyn 2002) ISBN 0-600-60396-2 and Inconceivable Conceptions.

Lee is no stranger to controversy. In addition to his work in IVF, he has had differences of opinion with the HFEA, most notably over the issue of human cloning[25]. He states that if it may be done safely and effectively, it may be morally justifiable.

Lee also wrote an article in the Sunday Times (10 November 2002) in the aftermath of a number of high profile embryo transfer mixups in several human IVF clinics.

Professor Sammy Lee arranged a conference co-sponsored by the Progress Educational Trust entitled '21st Century Motherhood' at the University College London (UCL) (18 September 2009). Speakers included Peter Brinsden, Consultant Medical Director at Bourn Hall Clinic, Professor Lord Robert Winston conference and Professor Shere Hite[26][27] [28].

Education and experience

Lee’s was educated at Mill Hill School and received a BSc in Physiology in 1979 from King’s College London He received a PhD in Biophysics from University College London under the supervision of Prof. Ricardo Miledi, in a group associated with Sir Bernard Katz. He later received a Diploma in Counselling from London Hospital Medical College in 1991, and in 2004 a PGCE at the University of Greenwich.

Lee has held the following appointments:

  • Research Associate in Biophysics (1982-1984), and Anatomy & Embryology (1984-1985) University College London
  • Laboratory Director, IVF unit at the Humana Hospital Wellington in London (1985-1986)[20][21]
  • Consultant Clinical Embryologist, UK division of Ares Serono (human recombinant pharmaceutical company) [21]
  • Scientific Director of the Colchester Fertility Service (1992 to 2001)
  • Consultant Scientist and Director of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at the Portland Hospital for Women & Children (1995-2003)
  • Acting Scientific Director for the Chelsea & Westminster Hospital (1999-2000).
  • Honorary Senior Research Fellow in Reproductive Medicine at the Homerton Hospital (2000-2005)
  • Honorary Lecturer in the Anatomy & Developmental Biology Dept., University College London (2003-present).[18]
  • Visiting Professor in Biomedical Science at the ABC Medical School in São Paulo, Brasil (2006-present).[29]

References

  1. ^ [1] The Times "Paying poor women for eggs is 'a Kind of Prostitution' says expert" Sep 19 2009
  2. ^ [2] The Times "Why are older mothers still taboo? Sep 22 2009
  3. ^ The Independent Rebecca Frayn Interview [3]
  4. ^ Official UCL page [4]
  5. ^ The School of Sir Bernard Katz [5]
  6. ^ Lee provides an anecdote about Sir Bernard Katz and Ricardo Miledi. ISBN 88-86062-55-9 CESI publisher [6]
  7. ^ S Lee, R Miledi, F Ruzzier. (1987). Rat diaphragm muscle fibre action potentials and the development of tetrodotoxin resistance in longterm organ culture. Quart J Exp Physiol. 72, 601-608
  8. ^ MI Glavinovic, S Lee, R Miledi. (1987). Effect of collagenase treatment on rat muscle fibre acetylcholinesterase activity. J Neuroscience Res. 18, 519-524.
  9. ^ Betz, W.J. & Sakmann, B. (1971). "Disjunction" of frog neuromuscular synapses by treatment with proteolytic enzymes. Nature New Biol. 232: 94-95
  10. ^ Betz, W.J. & Sakmann, B. (1973). Effects of proteolytic enzymes on synaptic structure and function. J. Physiol. 230: 673-688.
  11. ^ [7] Nobel Prize Winners
  12. ^ M Buehr, S Lee, A McLaren, A Warner. (1987). Reduced gap junctional communication is associated with the lethal condition characteristic of DDK mouse eggs fertilized by foreign sperm. Development. 101, 449-459
  13. ^ S Lee, NB Gilula, A Warner. (1987). Gap junctional communication and compaction during preimplantation stages of mouse development. Cell. 51, 851-860
  14. ^ The Daily Telegraph Letter from Ian Craft when he and Sammy Lee worked at the Wellington [8]
  15. ^ Official UCL page [9]
  16. ^ Portland Hospital [10]
  17. ^ Dr Sammy Lee, Scientific Director of the Portland Hospital, David McConnell, Professor of Genetics at TCD, and David Quinn, Editor of the Irish Catholic, discuss the issue [11]
  18. ^ a b S. Lee (2007). "UCL staff webpage". UCL.
  19. ^ UCL Staff Page (1987) Lee was FRSM and FRSH. He was inducted to Fellowship of RSH (now RSPH) and RSM. [12]
  20. ^ a b J Laurance (1987-10-30). "The test tube dilemma". New Society. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ a b c C Harrison (January 1991). "Failing to deliver". Public Eye. BBC.
  22. ^ Laboratory Director and Chief Scientist at the Wellington Hospital [13]
  23. ^ A Kon (1999-08-08). "My little miracle". Sunday Mirror. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ S. Lee and H Rivas-Toro (2001). "Treatment with IUI and ICSI for HIV men whose partners remain HIV- free: a risk reduction method". J. Bras. Reprod. Ass. 5: 64–65
  25. ^ BBC News Dr Sammy Lee and Ruth Deech head of the UK human fertilisation authority [http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1210000/audio/_1210996_cloning_leedeech07.ram
  26. ^ Times On Line 'Cultural historian Shere Hite says it’s just sexism ' [14]
  27. ^ UCL '21st Century Motherhood' Conference at the University College London (UCL) (18 September 2009) [15]
  28. ^ In this podcast Professor Sammy Lee (chair of the conference, Visiting Professor in Biomedical Science ABC Medical School Sao Paulo, and Honorary Teaching Fellow at UCL), Lord Robert Winston (Imperial College) and Professor Naomi Pfeffer (Historian and Sociologist, London Metropolitan University) debate the issue and talk about the implications, both from a socio/historical and biological perspective. They cover topics such as IVF tourism, egg freezing and the money to be made from making babies [16]
  29. ^ Faculdade De Medicina Do ABC Information about the faculty[17]

Further reading

Bibliography

Selected journal articles

Newspaper articles

Books & book chapters/contributions

  • S Lee (1996). Counselling in male infertility. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Press. ISBN 0-632-03906-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |unused_data= (help); Unknown parameter |ISBN status= ignored (help)
  • S. Lee (2003). "Myths and reality in male infertility". In J. Haynes & J. Miller (ed.). Inconceivable conceptions. Routledge. ISBN 1-58391-168-5. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |unused_data= (help); Unknown parameter |ISBN status= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
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