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Black or White

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For other uses, see Black and white (disambiguation).
"Black or White"
Song

"Black or White" is a 1991 hit single taken from Michael Jackson's Dangerous album, released in October 1991. The single is considered the biggest selling rock song of the 1990s.[citation needed] "Black or White" is a mix of rock,[1] R&B,[1] and dance-pop.[2]

Written, composed, and arranged by Jackson with the rap lyrics by Bill Bottrell, it is a song that promotes racial unity. The song's introduction and main riff are performed by guitarist Slash and Bill Bottrell.

The song peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart, as well as in 18 other countries.

History

Release

To prepare the audience for the special occasion of the televised premiere of the "Black or White" video, Epic Records released the song (without the accompanying images) to radio stations just two days in advance.[3] In a period of twenty-four hours, "Black or White", described by the record company as "a rock 'n' roll dance song about racial harmony", had been added to the playlists of 96 percent of 237 of the United States of America's top forty radio stations.[3][4]

"Black or White" was the first single off of Dangerous, produced by Michael Jackson and Bill Bottrell, it began to be promoted on radio stations the first week of November 1991 in New York and Los Angeles.[4][5] "Black or White" was officially released one week later.[4] It was written and composed by Jackson (based on the melody for "It's All Too Much" from The Beatles Yellow Submarine)[citation needed] with rap lyrics by Bill Bottrell, the song's introduction and main riff were played by Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash and Bill Bottrell.[5] The main riff is also very similar to the Rolling Stones song "It must be hell" found on their Undercover album.

"Black or White" is also described as a mix of hard rock, dance and rap, hard rock elements such as Slash's guitar and Jackson's vocal style.[6][7][8][9][10] These songs are also compared by Rolling Stone's Allan Light in his Dangerous review, he says about it, "Neither this slow-burn solo nor the Stones-derived riff on 'Black or White' offers the catharsis of Eddie Van Halen's blazing break on 'Beat It'".[11]

Reception

"Black or White" stormed into Billboard's Hot 100 at number thirty five.[12] A week later it shot up to number three and on its third week, December 7 1991, it ascended to number one, making it the fastest chart topper since the Beatles' "Get Back" also won the Hot 100 in just three weeks in 1969.[12][13] It achieved the year at number one, and remained at the top of the singles chart into 1992, for a total of seven weeks, making Michael Jackson the first artist to get number one popular hits in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.[13]

The single also made an extraordinary and amazing debut in the UK, where it became the first single by an American to go into the singles chart at number one since 1960, when "It's Now Or Never" by Elvis Presley did in the same manner.[12] Around the world, "Black or White" hit number one in the US, UK, Mexico, Cuba, Zimbabwe, Australia, New Zealand, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, India, Israel, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the Euro Chart Hot 100, number two in Germany and number three in Holland.[12][13] The single was certified platinum in the US, selling over one million copies.[13]

Music video

Synopsis

The music video for "Black or White" was first broadcast on MTV, BET, VH1, and Fox (giving them their highest Nielsen Ratings ever)[14] on November 14 1991.[15] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Tess Harper, and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as a new technology in music videos, pioneered by Godley & Creme's "Cry" video in 1985 (the sequence begins with extra, Let Mon Lee, and features supermodel Tyra Banks). The video was directed by John Landis, who previously directed Thriller.

The first few minutes of the video featured an extended version of the song's intro, in which a young kid (Macaulay Culkin) is playing loud music in his bedroom at night, and is yelled at by his enraged father (George Wendt), who demands he stop playing the music and go to bed. Culkin decides to forgo his father's request to go to sleep by setting up large speaker cabinets behind his father's reclining chair, donning leather gloves and sunglasses, and playing an extremely loud power chord on an electric guitar.[14] The sound then shatters the house's windows and sends his father (seated in his chair) halfway around the world, where the actual song begins.[14] The kid's mother (Tess Harper) declares that his father will be "very upset" upon his return. The song from the CD does not use Culkin's nor Wendt's voice; they are replaced by voice actors performing a similar intro. Wendt winds up in Africa, and Jackson begins to sing "Black or White", surrounded by various cultures scene-by-scene.[15]

A young Tyra Banks, just beginning her career as a supermodel, is seen dancing to the song in the ending of the video, as well as actress Cree Summer.[16]

Jackson's niece, Brandi Jackson, daughter of Jackie Jackson also makes a cameo appearance in the video.[17]

The video shows scenes in which Africans begin dancing like Jackson; so do, in sequence, Indonesians, American Indians, a woman from India and a set of Russians.[14] Jackson walks through visual collages of fire (defiantly declaring "I ain't scared of no sheets; I ain't scared of nobody"), referring to KKK torch ceremonies before a mock rap scene shared with Culkin and other children.[15] The group collectively states, "I'm not gonna spend my life being a color." At the end of the song, different people dance as they morph into one another (shown as "talking heads"), which is reminiscent of the earlier music video for the Godley & Creme song "Cry". This technique, known as morphing, had been previously used only in films such as Willow and Terminator 2. The morphing visual effects were created by Pacific Data Images.

Censorship

Controversy was generated concerning the last four minutes of the original music video. Jackson walks out of the studio as a black panther (perhaps in reference to The Black Panthers) and then morphs into himself.[15] Then he walks outside to perform some of his most physically complicated dance techniques, in a similar way to "Billie Jean". This part contained sexually suggestive scenes when Jackson starts to grab his crotch[14], and then zips his pants up. In the original version, Jackson is seen smashing windows[14], destroying a car and causing an inn (called the "Royal Arms") to explode. Jackson later apologized saying that the violent and suggestive behavior was an interpretation of the animal instinct of a black panther, and MTV and other music video networks removed the last four minutes from subsequent broadcasts.[15] To make the vandalism more palatable to viewers, racist graffiti was digitally added to the windows that Jackson smashes (reading "KKK Rules", "Nigger Go Home", "Hitler Lives" and "No More Wetbacks").

To date, the uncut version has generally been seen in the United States on MTV2 only between the hours of 01:00 and 04:00, as part of their special uncensored airing of the "Most Controversial Music Videos" of all time. The extended version is also available on Jackson's DVDs. The original version (without graffiti) is available only on the VHS cassette HIStory - The Video Greatest Hits and online at MTVMusic.com. The DVD with the same name contains only the "graffiti version". The video was parodied by the sketch comedy TV show In Living Color, and by the band Genesis in their video for "I Can't Dance" in which Phil Collins imitates Michael's 'panther' fit in front of a stark white background. It was still shown in its entirety for some years in Europe. Indeed, it was seen on VH1 in the UK as recently as October 11 2008, though most recent airings have omitted the last portion of the video, which also included a brief cameo by Bart and Homer Simpson before the "prejudice is ignorance" image. The version available in the iTunes Music Store contains neither the panther scene nor the Simpsons cameo, and is cut after the morphing sequence.

Starting in 1992, Nocturne Video Productions began playing the "Panther Segment" of the video as an interlude during Michael's Dangerous World tour. The clip is 20 seconds shorter than the original with all the violence and the sexually suggestive scenes removed.[15] However, the part where he re-zipped his pants was kept in.

The short, censored version continues to air periodically to this day.

The video was voted #1 on Australian VH1's "90's Cameo Appearances" top 10.

Clivillés & Cole Remixes

Black or White was remixed in 1992. The single was known as "Black or White (The Clivillés & Cole (C&C) Remix" or simply as "Black or White (Remix)".

The single was released in October 1991 in several European countries, charting in the UK, where it reached #14, and in Ireland, peaking at #11. The single also surprisingly peaked at #18 in Australia.[18] Despite the favourable European response to this remix, it was never included on a Michael Jackson album or compilation, except on the third disc of the French version of Jackson's greatest hits album 'King Of Pop'.

Track listing

Original release

  1. "Black or White" (Single Version) – 3:22
  2. "Black or White" (Instrumental) – 3:22
  3. "Smooth Criminal" – 4:16

Black or White: The Remixes

  1. The Clivillés & Cole House/Club Mix
  2. The Clivillés & Cole House/Dub Mix
  3. The Underground Club Mix
  4. House With Guitar Radio Mix
  5. Tribal Beats

Visionary single

CD side
  1. "Black or White" (Single version) – 3:22
  2. "Black or White" (Clivillés & Cole House Guitar Radio Mix) – 3:50
DVD side
  1. "Black or White" (Music video)

Mixes

  1. Album version – 4:17
  2. Single version – 3:22
  3. Instrumental – 3:22
  4. Clivillés & Cole House/Club Mix - 7:32
  5. Clivillés & Cole Radio Mix – 3:33
  6. Clivillés & Cole House w/Guitar Radio Mix – 3:50
  7. Underground Club Mix

Charts

Chart (1991) Peak Position
United States - US Billboard Hot 100 1
United Kingdom - UK Singles Chart 1
Australian Singles Chart 1
Brazil 1
Belgium Singles Chart 1
Canadian Singles Charts 1
French Singles Chart 1
Irish Singles Chart 1
Italian Singles Chart 1
New Zealand Singles Chart 1
Norwegian Singles Chart 1
Singapore 1
Spain 1
Swedish Singles Chart 1
Swiss Singles Chart 1
Austrian Singles Chart 1
German Singles Charts 1
Danish Singles Chart 1
Dutch Singles Chart 1
Chart (2009) Peak Position
Austrian Singles Chart 17
Danish Singles Chart 22
New Zealand Singles Chart 16
Norwegian Singles Chart 18
Swiss Singles Chart 7
UK Singles Charts 25
US Billboard Hot Digital Songs 13

Certifications

Country Certification Sales
United States Platinum[13] 1,000,000[13]
Australia 2xPlatinum[19] 140,000[19]
New Zealand Platinum[20] 15,000[20][21]

Credits

  • The song is based on "It's All Too Much" written by George Harrison, which appears on The Beatles's 1968 film Yellow Submarine[citation needed]
  • Written and composed by Michael Jackson
  • Rap lyrics by Bill Bottrell
  • Produced by Michael Jackson and Bill Bottrell
  • Recorded and mixed by Bill Bottrell
  • Solo and background vocals: Michael Jackson
  • Drums: Bryan Loren
  • Percussion: Brad Buxer and Bill Bottrell
  • Bass: Bryan Loren (moog) and Terry Jackson (bass guitar)
  • Keyboards: Brad Buxer, John Barnes and Jason Martz
  • Guitar: Bill Bottrell
  • Heavy metal guitar: Tim Pierce
  • Speed sequencer: Michael Boddicker and Kevin Gilbert
  • Morphing Sound Effect: Scott Frankfurt
  • Rap performed by L.T.B.
  • "Intro":
    • Special guitar performance by Slash
    • Directed by Michael Jackson
    • Composed by Bill Bottrell
    • Engineering and sound design: Matt Forger
    • Son played by Andres McKenzie
    • Father played by L.T.B.

References

  1. ^ a b c Oshinsky, Matthew (2009-06-28). "Michael Jackson's music is a category by itself". NJ.com. New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
  2. ^ a b "( Black or White > Overview )". Allmusic. Macrovision Corporation. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
  3. ^ a b Ramage, John D.; Bean, John C.; Johnson, June (2001). Writing arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Allyn and Bacon. p. 491. ISBN 0205317456. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
  4. ^ a b c Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Branden Books. p. 301. ISBN 082831957X. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
  5. ^ a b Jackson, Michael (1991). Dangerous booklet. Epic records. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. ^ Sony Music (2001). "Michael Jackson Dangerous Review". Sony Music Entertainment. Retrieved May 4, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ "Peligroso regreso", Michael Jackson: El mito indescifrable (in Spanish), Revista Jeans, p. 7 {{citation}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Halstead, Craig; Cadman, Chris (2003). Michael Jackson the Solo Years. Authors On Line Ltd. p. 40. ISBN 0755200918. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
  9. ^ Andersen, Christopher P. (1994). Michael Jackson: unauthorized. Simon & Schuster. p. 105. ISBN 0671892398. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
  10. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Michael Jackson Thriller Review". Allmusic. Retrieved May 24, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ Light, Allan (Jan 9, 1992). "Michael Jackson Dangerous Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 22, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ a b c d Halstead, Craig; Cadman, Chris (2003). Michael Jackson the Solo Years. Authors On Line Ltd. p. 99. ISBN 0755200918. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Campbell, Lisa (1993). Michael Jackson: The King of Pop. Branden Books. p. 302. ISBN 082831957X. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Pareles, Jon (November 16, 1991). "Review/Rock; New Video Opens the Jackson Blitz". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ a b c d e f Phalen, Tom (November 16, 1991). "Jackson alters his new video". The Seattle Times. Retrieved July 12, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ Garcia, Alex. "Michael Jackson "Black or white"". mvdbase. Retrieved Jun 2, 2009.
  17. ^ http://musicology.ipbfree.com/index.php?showtopic=1706
  18. ^ "Australian Charts: "Black or White (The Clivillés & Cole (C&C) Remixes)"". eMedia Jungen. February 9, 1992. Retrieved July 10, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ a b "Aria 50 Top Singles Charts". Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). July 6, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. ^ a b "The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). July 6, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  21. ^ "The Official New Zealand Music Chart: Charts Facts". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). July 6, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
Preceded by Australian ARIA Singles Chart number-one single
November 30, 1991 - January 18, 1992 		Succeeded by
Preceded by UK number-one single
23 - 30 November 1991 (2 weeks) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
December 7 1991 - January 18 1992 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
"Song of Ocarina"
by Jean-Philippe Audin and Diego Modena
 French (SNEP) number one single
January 25 1992 - February 2 1992 		Succeeded by
"Song of Ocarina"
by Jean-Philippe Audin and Diego Modena
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Black_or_White&oldid=326695635"