Thutmose IV
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thutmose IV in hieroglyphs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Era: New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Menkheperure Thutmose IV (d. 1391 BC; sometimes spelled Thutmosis) was the 8th Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He ruled from c.1401 BC to 1391 BC and is ascribed a reign of 9 Years and 8 Months by Manetho. This number is affirmed by a Year 8 stela from his reign.
Thutmose was born to Amenhotep II and Tiy; little is known about his brief ten-year rule. He suppressed an uprising in Nubia in his Year 8 around 1392 BC and was referred to in stele as the Conqueror of Syria, but little else has been pieced together of his military exploits. Thutmose established good relations with Mitanni and finally married a Mitannian princess after much negotiations.
Like most Thutmosids he built on a large scale. He completed an obelisk started by Thutmose III, which at 32m (105 ft.) was the tallest ever erected in Egypt, at the Temple of Karnak.
Thutmose's most celebrated accomplishment was the restoration of the Sphinx at Giza and subsequent commission of the Dream Stele. According to Thutmose's account on the Dream Stele, while out on a hunting trip he stopped to rest under the head of the Sphinx, which was buried up to the neck in sand. He soon fell asleep and had a dream in which the Sphinx told him that if he cleared away the sand and restored it he would become the next Pharaoh. After completing the restoration he placed a carved stone tablet, now known as the Dream Stele, between the two paws of the Sphinx.
Some Egyptologists theorize that because Amenhotep II did not name Thutmose IV his co-ruler, he did not intend for him to be his successor and that the restoration of the Sphinx and text of the Dream Stele was meant to bestow legitimacy upon his unexpected kingship.
Thutmose's names in Egyptian hieroglyphs are shown above right. The technical transliteration of this name is dḥwty-ms, which could be realised as Djehutymes. However, his name is more often rendered Thutmose, Thutmoses, or Thutmosis after the Greek spelling of the name. His name means "Thoth bore him". Upon his ascension to the throne, Thutmose took a praenomen. Transliterated mn-ḫprw-r‘, and realised as Menkheperure, this name means "Establisher of the forms of Ra".
Burial
Thutmose IV was buried in the Valley of the Kings, in tomb KV43, but his body was moved to the mummy cache in KV35, where it was discovered by Victor Loret in 1898. An examination of his body shows that he was very ill and had been wasting away for the final months of his life prior to his death.