Chevrolet Suburban
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2009) |
Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL | |
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Overview | |
Manufacturer | General Motors Corporation |
Production | 1935–present |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Full-size SUV, Station wagon |
The Chevrolet Suburban is a large sport utility vehicle from Chevrolet. It is the longest-lived continuous automobile nameplate still in production, dating from 1935. Before it was the Chevrolet Suburban, it was the GMC Suburban. The Suburban has been produced under the Chevrolet, Holden, and GMC marques until the GMC version was rebranded as the 'GMC Yukon XL. For most of its recent history, the Suburban has been a station wagon-bodied version of the Chevrolet pickup truck, including the Chevrolet C/K series of truck-based vehicles. Cadillac offers a version called the Escalade ESV. The Suburban has traditionally been one of General Motors' most profitable vehicles, with relatively high resale value for an American truck and station wagon.[citation needed]
--205.196.178.200 (talk) 22:17, 7 January 2010 (UTC)Bold text
Italic text
1933 - 1934
1933-1934 | |
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Overview | |
Production | 1933-1934 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 2-door wagon |
Layout | FR layout |
Chevrolet offered a station wagon body, built on the 1/2 ton truck frame. This model was specifically built for National Guard units and Civilian Conservation Corps units. Much of the body was constructed from wood, and could seat up to eight occupants.
1935 - 1940
1935-1940 | |
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1935 Chevy Suburban | |
Overview | |
Production | 1935-1940 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 2-door wagon |
Layout | FR layout |
Chevrolet offered the body style as a "Carryall Suburban". These share the front sheetmetal and frames of the 1/2 ton pickup models of the same year, but featured all-metal wagon bodies differing very little in shape from contemporary "woodie" wagons. Seating for up to eight occupants was provided, with three in front row, two in the middle row, and three in the rear row. Either rear panel doors or a rear tailgate/lift window were provided for easy loading and unloading of luggage.
1941 - 1947
1941-1947 | |
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Overview | |
Production | 1941-1947 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 2-door wagon |
Layout | FR layout |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 216 cu in (3.5 L) I6 228 cu in (3.7 L) I6 |
Suburbans were built in model years 1941, 1942, and 1946. Seating for up to eight occupants was provided. Models with rear panel doors were designated "3106," while those with tailgates were designated "3116." The Chevrolet versions were equipped a 216 cubic inch 6 cylinder engine. The GMC version was equipped with a 228 cubic inch 6 cylinder engine.
1947 - 1955
1947-1955 | |
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Overview | |
Production | 1947-1955 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 2-door carryall |
Layout | FR layout |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 216 cu in (3.5 L) L6 235 cu in (3.9 L) I6 after 1954 |
Transmission | 3 speed manual 4 speed manual, 4 speed Hydra-Matic automatic |
Beginning in 1954, the Hydra-Matic 4-forward-speed automatic transmission is available in the Chevrolet Suburban (GMC offered this transmission in 1953). As with the Art Deco series, models with rear panel doors were designated "3106," while those with tailgates were designated "3116."
This was the last series to feature "Canopy Express" models.
1955 - 1959
1955-1959 | |
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Overview | |
Production | 1955-1959 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 2-door carryall |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 265 cu in (4.3 L) V8 283 cu in (4.6 L) V8 |
Engines included I-6 and the small block V-8s. Chevrolet used its 265 V-8 engine, later evolving it to a 283-cubic-inch version. GMC based their V-8 on a Pontiac design. Standard Suburban model numbers continued from the previous series, but the introduction of four-wheel-drive models in 1957 added the numbers "3156" for 4WD Suburbans with panel doors, and "3166" for 4WD Suburbans with tailgates.
1960 - 1966
1960-1966 | |
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Overview | |
Also called | GMC Carryall |
Production | 1960-1966 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 2-door SUV |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 305 cu in (5.0 L) V6 |
The styling of the 1960 - 1961 model year took cues from the late 1950s Chevrolet cars and had large oval ports above the grille. The cab featured a "wrap around" windshield. Both tailgate and "barn door" rear openings were available. From 1962 onwards, the hood styling was 'toned down' a bit, with a more modern looking hood that eliminated the large ports. In 1964, the front glass area was updated to a flatter windshield, and larger door glass.
This model series introduced a factory-equipped 4WD ("K") option for the first time. The 2WD "C" models introduced a torsion bar-based independent front suspension and trailing arm and coil spring rear. But by 1963, returned to a more conventional coil-spring approach.
Engines included both I-6 and small-block V-8s. A 305-cubic-inch 60 degree V-6 was also available on GMC models. The 305 was actually 'brought down' from GMCs medium duty truck line. It featured huge torque numbers, but was also notable for poor fuel economy.
One ton (C-30), 10-foot (3 m) panel truck models were no longer available after 1966.
1967 - 1972
1967-1972 | |
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Overview | |
Also called | GMC Carryall |
Production | 1967-1972 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 3-door SUV |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 305 cu in (5.0 L) I6 292 cu in (4.8 L) I6 283 cu in (4.6 L) V8 307 cu in (5.0 L) V8 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8 |
The second generation C/K Suburbans are easily recognised by having only a single drivers side door and two passenger-side doors. They were available in both 2WD and 4WD models. Engines included the V6 (e.g., Chevrolet 292-cubic-inch I6, and GMC 305 cubic inch V-6), and small-block V-8s of the current model year (e.g., 283, 307, 327, 350, 400-cubic-inch V-8s.) For the first time, a three-quarter ton version was available.
1971 saw the introduction of disc brakes on the front wheels, and 1972 was the last year for coil spring rear suspension on 2WD models.
This series would also be the last to offer C-10 & C-20 Panel truck models for commercial purposes.
Brazilian version
In 1964, Chevrolet in Brazil introduced SUV version of the Suburban called Veraneio (also known as C-14/16). It was based on the 1960-66 US C/K series. The Veraneio used the instrument cluster from the C/K series although the exterior sheet metal layout is exclusive to Brazil. They were initially powered with a Chevrolet 4.2-liter inline six based on the pre-1962 "Stovebolt" engines. Later they used the 250-cid 4.1-liter engine from Chevrolet's Brazilian sedan the Opala. The original version of the Veraneio was kept in production until 1988 (model year 1989), but it was eventually replaced with an updated version based on the C-20 family.
In 1997 GM introduced in Brazil the Silverado pickup with the same style of the 1988 American pickup, whic was made until 2001. The line-up included a SUV named Grand Blazer, a successor to the Veraneio. The 4.1-liter inline six engine with 138 hp was offered on both models with option for a MWM 4.2-liter turbodiesel unit with 168 hp.
1973 - 1991
1973-1991 | |
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Overview | |
Also called | GMC Suburban Chevrolet Veraneio (brazilian version) |
Production | 1973-1991 (1989-1996 in Brazil) |
Assembly | Flint, Michigan Janesville, Wisconsin São Caetano do Sul, Brazil |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door SUV |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive |
Related | Chevrolet K-Blazer/GMC K-Jimmy Chevrolet/GMC C/K |
Powertrain | |
Engine | Diesel: 4.0L straight-4 Maxion S4/S4T (brazilian version only) 5.7 L (350 cu in) V8 6.2 L (376 cu in) V8 Gasoline: 4.1L straight-six (brazilian version only) 5.7 L (350 cu in) V8 6.6 L (400 cu in) V8 7.4 L (454 cu in) V8 |
Transmission | 3-speed automatic 4-speed automatic 3-speed +low range manual 5-speed manual (brazilian versions) |
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | Template:Auto in |
Length | Template:Auto in |
Width | Template:Auto in |
Height | R10: Template:Auto in V10: Template:Auto in R20: Template:Auto in V20: Template:Auto in |
With the third generation C/K models, the Suburban became a 4-door vehicle. The rounded 1970s body style remained largely unchanged for 18 model years - making this series the longest in production of any Suburban. Both 2WD and 4WD models, designated "C" and "K" were offered, as well as one-half ton and three-quarter ton ("10" and "20" on the Chevy, "1500" and "2500" for GMC) models. The one ton model designation was the C or K 30 for Chevrolet and 3500 for GMC.
The base engine was the small-block 350-cubic-inch V-8. A 400-cubic-inch V-8 was optional. The 454-cubic-inch big-block V-8 was now available for the first time, most commonly in the 2WD three-quarter ton models. The Template:Auto Lrev 130 hp (97 kW) Detroit Diesel V8 engine was also available from 1982-onwards.[1] The Diesel later became the engine of choice for Suburbans exported to Europe from USA.
Three-speed Turbo-Hydramatic automatic transmissions were initially provided. In the 1/2 ton models, the Turbo-Hydramatic 350 was used, and in the 3/4 ton models, the Turbo-Hydramatic 400 was used. Towing packages, offering gearing reduction and cooling additions for heavy loads, were available. A "positraction" limited slip differential was optional. Later vehicles came equipped with rear anti-lock brakes (only active in 2WD).
Trim options included base level, and upgraded Silverado versions. An optional 3rd row bench seat allowed for 9-passenger configurations. A rear heating system was optional, as well, to help heat the long vehicle's interior.
In 1981, automatic locking front hubs were added on four-wheel drive models, and the NP208 transfer case replaced the NP205.[2]
In 1986 and 1987, the engines were switched from carburetors to electronic fuel injection. The system that GM chose was called throttle body injection, or TBI. The change improved fuel economy, performance, and emissions. An overdrive-equipped 4-speed 700R4 automatic transmission was also incorporated. The heavier-duty 4L80-E automatic overdrive was added in 1991.
GM temporarily changed the usual "C/K" designation to "R" and "V" for the 1988 through 1991 model years. This was done to avoid confusion with the GMT400-based C/K pickup trucks, which were introduced in 1988, during the overlap period.
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1977 GMC Suburban C15 Sierra Classic
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1979 Chevrolet Suburban C20
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1983 GMC Suburban K25 Diesel
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1991 Chevrolet Suburban V10
1992 - 1999
GMT400 | |
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Overview | |
Also called | GMC Suburban Holden Suburban |
Production | 1992-1999 |
Assembly | Janesville, Wisconsin Arlington, Texas Silao, Mexico |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door SUV |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive |
Platform | GMT400 |
Powertrain | |
Engine | Template:Auto Lrev L56 & L65 Turbo Diesel V8 Template:Auto Lrev L05 V8 Template:Auto Lrev Vortec L31 V8 Template:Auto Lrev L19 V8 Template:Auto Lrev Vortec L29 V8 |
Transmission | 4-speed automatic |
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | Template:Auto in |
Length | Chevrolet: Template:Auto in 1992-94 GMC: Template:Auto in 1995-96 GMC: Template:Auto in |
Width | Template:Auto in (1992-94 Chevrolet) – Template:Auto in (1995-96 GMC) |
Height | Template:Auto in (1992-94 GMC) – Template:Auto in (1997-99 2500 4WD) |
The GMT400-based Suburbans were introduced in the 1992 model year. This was actually quite late compared to their pickup truck brethren - which switched platforms in the 1988 model year. Both 2WD and 4WD models, again designated "C" and "K", were offered, as well as half ton and three-quarter ton ("1500" and "2500") models.
The base engine for all variants was the small-block 5.7 L (350 cu in) V-8. The big-block 7.4 L (454 cu in) V-8 was optional for the 2500 series. The optional 6.5 L Turbo diesel was available on all models - though rare on the 1500 series. The 6.5 L Turbo diesel used in the Tahoe was reduced power to 380 lb/ft torque due to the limitation of the 8.5-inch axle capacity. 1500 Suburbans with the 6.5 L Turbo diesel used the 14 bolt axle from the 2500 series.
Transmissions included the 4L60 4-speed automatic in the 1500 series, and the heavier duty 4L80 4-speed automatic in the 2500 series.
The GMT400 series introduced independent front suspension for a more comfortable ride compared to older models. The 2WD models used coil springs and 4WD models used torsion bars in the front suspension. All models used a live axle and leaf springs in the rear.
Trim options included a base-level version, the LS, and the LT. Interior seating arrangements allowed for either bucket or bench seating in the first row, and optional 3rd row bench. Thus it could be configured from 2- to 9-passenger seating.
Beginning in 1994, GM began making numerous annual changes to the Suburban, including:
- Revised front clip - Chevrolet only (1994)
- Revised interior including a driver-side air bag, revised side mirrors (1995)
- Revised Vortec "5700" (350 cu. in.) and "7400" (454 cu. in) engines with increased power and fuel efficiency, electronic 4WD shifting, daytime running lights, illuminated entry, and some new interior features (1996)
- Revised transmissions, improved steering system and added passenger-side air bag (1997)
- Onstar, PassLock security system and full-time AutoTrac 4WD option added, next generation "depowered" air bags, transmissions revised again (1998)
- Revised steering wheel and improved radiators and transmissions (1999)
In 1998, Holden premiered the right-hand-drive version of Suburban for local Australian and Kiwi markets with either petrol or diesel motors. However, the sheer size and poor quality material doomed its first foray into the RHD market. Interestingly, General Motors chose to engineer and build the right-hand drive conversion rather than relying on Quigley 4x4, one of the approved and most experienced conversion specialists. Quigley 4x4 had done the exceptional RHD conversion utilising the high quality material and mirror-image dashboard. General Motors instead utilised the modified dashboard from 1995-2005 RHD Chevrolet Blazer.
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GMT400 GMC 1/2 Ton Suburban
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GMT400 Chevy 3/4 Ton TurboDiesel Suburban
2000 - 2006
GMT800 | |
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Overview | |
Also called | GMC Yukon XL Cadillac Escalade ESV |
Production | 2000-2006 |
Assembly | Janesville, Wisconsin Arlington, Texas Silao, Mexico |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door SUV |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive |
Platform | GMT800 |
Related | Cadillac Escalade Chevrolet Avalanche Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon Hummer H2 |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 5.3 L (325 cu in) Vortec V8[3] 6.0 L (364 cu in) Vortec V8[4] 8.1 L (496 cu in) Vortec V8[5] |
Transmission | 4-speed automatic |
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | Template:Auto in |
Length | Template:Auto in |
Width | Template:Auto in – Template:Auto in |
Height | Template:Auto in (2000-02 Chevy 1500 4WD) – Template:Auto in (Yukon XL 2500 4WD) |
The GMT800-based Suburbans were introduced in late 1999 for the 2000 model year. They were sold in two series: 1/2-ton 1500 and 3/4-ton 2500. Suburbans came in Base, LS and LT trims. All were available in either 2wd or optional pushbutton 4wd (with low-range transfer case). A tow hitch with a trailer wiring was a popular and relatively inexpensive option found on most new Suburbans.
For 2000, Chevrolet's long-serving 5.7 L and 7.4 L V8 engines were retired along with the 6.5 L diesel; in their places came the new Template:Auto Lrev and Template:Auto Lrev in the 1500 and 2500 series, respectively.
New features included:
- A spare tire relocated beneath the vehicle (instead of in the cargo area as on previous models)
- "Puddle lamps" in the exterior mirrors on LS and LT models
- New instrument panel including a driver message center and engine hour meter
- Electronic climate control available on LT models
- Four-wheel disc brakes
- Load-leveling Autoride suspension available on LT models
- Premium Ride rear self-leveling suspension available on LS models
For 2001, the 6.0 L V8 in 2500-series Suburbans gained 20 hp (15 kW) from a number of changes including aluminum cylinder heads. A new Template:Auto Lrev V8 was added as an option for the 2500 as well. OnStar became standard on LT models and LS models with the new Z71 package. Quadrasteer four-wheel steering was added as an option on 1500 series trucks.
2002 saw many optional features made standard equipment on the LS model, including front and rear air conditioning, alloy wheels, power windows, power front seats, side steps, fog lamps and heated outside rear view mirrors. Base models were discontinued, leaving LS and LT.
The 5.3 L V8 in the 1500 series added flex-fuel capability.
For 2003, all GM full-size trucks received an upgraded interior, with better-quality materials and other enhancements. New radios offered Radio Data System compatibility, XM satellite radio, Bose sound and improved ergonomics. Adjustable pedals were added as an option, and the instrument cluster-mounted Driver Information Center was improved and could report to the driver on as many as 34 vehicle functions. A Panasonic DVD system was added as an option.
GM's Stabilitrak system was added, and Quadrasteer became available on 2500 series Suburbans, although it never became popular because of its cost and the fact that it ultimately reduced the heavy-duty Suburban's towing capacity to little more than that of the half-ton series.
For 2004, 1500-series Suburbans got a new braking system, Hydroboost. Instead of relying on engine vacuum, Hydroboost is driven by the vehicle's steering system and is capable of providing better braking in case of an engine failure or stall.
The Mexican-market Suburban received a front end update this year, matching that of the Silverado.
The 2005 model year saw the long-standard "barn doors" discontinued in favor of the formerly optional liftgate. All engines switched to an all-electric cooling system to reduce power loss and fuel consumption. It also improved performance, both of the engine and the vehicle HVAC system.
The Z71 package, long exclusive to 4wd models, became available on 2wd Suburbans. OnStar also became standard across the board.
Finally, Stabilitrak became standard on all models shortly after the start of the model year.
For 2006, the GMT800 Suburban's last year, a special LTZ trim package became available, coming with 20-inch (510 mm) wheels, all-wheel drive, and the 6.0 L engine formerly found only in 2500-series models.
The catalytic converters were relocated closer to the engine, allowing for faster "light off" and reduced emissions. Improved appearance resulted from combining the XM radio antenna and the OnStar antenna into a single unit instead of two separate devices.
Engines
- Vortec 5300 325 cu in V8 285 hp (213 kW) 00-02 295 hp (220 kW) 03-06 at 5200 rpm and 335 ft·lbf (454 N.m) of torque at 4000 rpm.
- Vortec 6000 364 cu in V8 (335 hp at 5200 rpm and 375 ft⋅lbf (508 N⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm).
- Vortec 8100 496 cu in V8 (325 hp at 4200 rpm and 447 ft⋅lbf (606 N⋅m) of torque at 3200 rpm).
2007 - present
GMT900 | |
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Overview | |
Also called | GMC Yukon XL Cadillac Escalade ESV |
Production | 2007-present |
Assembly | Janesville, Wisconsin, United States Arlington, Texas, United States Silao, Mexico |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door SUV |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive |
Platform | GMT900 |
Related | Cadillac Escalade Chevrolet Avalanche Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 5.3 L (325 cu in) Vortec V8 6.0 L (364 cu in) Vortec V8 6.2 L (376 cu in) Vortec V8 |
Transmission | 4-speed automatic 6-speed automatic |
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | Template:Auto in |
Length | Template:Auto in |
Width | Template:Auto in |
Height | Template:Auto in Denali: Template:Auto in |
The 2007 model year Suburban and Yukon XL were unveiled at the 2006 Los Angeles Auto Show in January. Production of the redesigned GMT900 Suburban and Yukon XL began at Janesville Assembly and Silao Assembly in March 2006, with the vehicles arriving at dealerships in April.
The new models were redesigned with more modern styling, already seen on the previously released 2007 Tahoes and Yukons. The exterior features a more aerodynamic shape, made partly by a steeply raked windshield angle. The new design has less drag than previous models, making it more aerodynamic.
The interior has a redesigned dashboard and improved seats. It still retains its 9-passenger seating availability, which is available on LS, LT, LTZ, and Z71 models. LT2, LT3, and LTZ models welcome leather seating and available 6, 7, and 8 passenger seating. There is a Z71 package available on LT2 and LT3 models which includes two-tone leather seats.
For the 2010 model year, in which US News & World Report ranked it as the number one affordable large SUV[6], the Suburban will add a new premium interior package that includes tri-zone climate control and handy features like Bluetooth and rear audio controls. In addition, radios that are standard in all 2010 trims get a USB port, allowing for music to be played from auxiliary devices though the radio, as well as charging other small electronics. The 6.0 liter engine in the 2010 models will also be flex fuel capable.
The 5.3 L and 6.0 L engines carried over, and a new 403 horsepower (301 kW) 6.2 L Vortec V8 was added for the Yukon XL Denali.[7] The 8.1 L engine was dropped.
The three-quarter ton model's towing capacity is 9,600 lbs, being one of the best of any 4x4 SUV and matched only by the Toyota Sequoia's towing capacity. The three-quarter ton model also has a GCVW of 16,000 lbs.
The 2500 Suburban was originally sourced from Silao, Mexico from 2007-2008 but was moved to the Arlington, Texas assembly plant for the 2009 model year, where production of all GM fullsize SUVs was consolidated after the closing of the Janesville plant.[citation needed] In addition, GM stopped selling the Suburban in Mexico and replaced it with the smaller but unibody Chevrolet Traverse.
GM had planned to redesign the Suburban and Tahoe for the 2012 model year but the plans were cancelled by GM executives in 2008.[8]
Safety
For the 2009 model year, the Suburban received the NHTSA's best rating of 5 stars in the frontal driver/passenger and side driver/passenger categories. Interestingly, its competitor, the Ford Expedition EL/Max, also received the same high marks in those categories as well.
NHTSA Chevrolet Suburban crash test results (For 2009 models)[9]:
- Frontal Driver:
- Frontal Passenger:
- Side Driver:
- Side Rear Passenger:
- 2WD Rollover:
- 4WD Rollover:
Yearly American sales
Calendar Year | Suburban | Yukon XL | Total U.S. sales |
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1998[10] | 108,933 | - | 108,933 |
1999[10] | 138,977 | 1,857 | 140,834 |
2000[11] | 133,123 | 47,016 | 180,139 |
2001[11] | 154,782 | 70,706 | 225,488 |
2002[12] | 151,056 | 67,556 | 218,612 |
2003[12] | 135,222 | 70,887 | 206,109 |
2004[13] | 119,545 | 65,917 | 185,462 |
2005[13] | 87,011 | 53,652 | 140,663 |
2006[14] | 77,211 | 45,413 | 122,624 |
2007[15] | 83,673 | 45,303 | 128,976 |
2008[15] | 54,058 | 26,404 | 80,462 |
2009[16] | 41,055 | 16,819 | 57,874 |
References
- ^ "'82 Chevy Suburban (brochure)". Chevrolet Motor Division. August 1981. p. 2.
- ^ "'81 Chevy Suburban (brochure)". Chevrolet Motor Division. July 1980.
- ^ http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2006/Spec%20Sheets/Gen%20III/2006%20GenIII%20V8%20Truck%20(LM7,L59).pdf
- ^ "2006 GenIII V8 Truck (LQ4).xls" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ "2006 Big Block.xls" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ "2010 Chevrolet Suburban". US News & World Report. August 27, 2009.
- ^ http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2009/Spec%20Sheet/Gen%20IV/2009%20Gen%20IV%20Truck/09_L9H_n.xls
- ^ "GM Kills the Next Generation Tahoe and Suburban". Edmunds Inside Line. October 27, 2008.
- ^ "Safercar.gov". Safercar.gov. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ a b "GM reports robust December sales; leads industry in truck sales during second half of 1999". Media.gm.com. January 5, 2000. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
- ^ a b "GM's 'Industry Leading Truck Lineup' Sets Calendar Year Industry Sales Record". Media.gm.com. January 3, 2002. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
- ^ a b "GM Reports December Sales Of 447,900, Down 9 Percent From Record Year-Ago Levels". GM Communications. January 5, 2004. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ a b "GM Reports December 2005 and Year Results". Theautochannel.com. January 5, 2006. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
- ^ "GM Reports 341,327 Deliveries In December". GM Communications. January 3, 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
- ^ a b "GM Reports 221,983 Deliveries In December; 2,980,688 Vehicles Sold In 2008". GM Communications. January 5, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
- ^ http://media.gm.com/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/Jan/0105_Dec_Sales/_jcr_content/iconrow/textfile/file.res/Deliveries%20December%2009.xls
External links
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