1991 riot in Zadar
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The Dalmatian anti-Serb riots were an act of violence that took place in the Croatian cities of Zadar and Šibenik on 2 May 1991. Croatian civilians vandalized and destroyed a lot of property of ethnic Serbs in both cities, but nobody was killed in the violence.
Background
Tensions between Croats and Serbs increased steadily through 1990 and 1991 following the electoral victory of Croatia's nationalist Croatian Democratic Union party, led by Franjo Tuđman. Many Serbs were deeply unhappy about the prospect of living in an independent Croatia, fearing a loss of privelages (predominance in security structures and civil service) enjoyed under the previous communist regimes. In the jostling for the future conceptions of Yugoslavia and territorial pretensions between the republics, there was an expectation among Serbs of military conflict and that that may lead to persecution of minority Serbs as had occurred during the Second World War. Such fears were promoted and emphasised in public speeches by local Serb leaders like Jovan Rašković, Milan Martić, Milan Babić and by propaganda coming from Milošević's regime.
In the summer of 1990, they took up arms in the heavily Serb-populated Krajina region of Croatia, just inland from Dalmatia, sealing roads and effectively blocking Dalmatia from the rest of Croatia. The insurrection spread to the eastern region of Slavonia in early 1991, when paramilitary groups from Serbia itself took up positions in the region and started to expel non-Serbs from the area. On 1 May 1991, paramilitaries associated with the Serbian Radical Party killed a number of Croatian policemen in the Borovo Selo massacre and mutilated their bodies. This was, at the time, the bloodiest single incident in the Croatian conflict, and it caused widespread shock and outrage in Croatia. The killings produced an immediate upsurge in ethnic tensions.[1]
The day after the incident in Borovo, one Franko Lisica, the police chief of Polače near Benkovac in northern Dalmatia, was killed by Serbs[2] This incident created new tensions in his home town of Bibinje near Zadar, where angry local Croats set fire to several properties of local Serbs.
The civilian unrest
Soon after these events, a group of younger people from Bibinje went to Zadar to participate in a demonstration against the Serb insurrection. The demonstration grew into a riot, and around a hundred properties were damaged, belonging to ethnic Serbs, or to Yugoslav companies such as those of JAT. Because there were many broken windows in the city centre streets, the next day the Zadar newspaper "Narodni List" printed the headline Zadarska noć kristala literally meaning "Zadar night of crystal" (intended to be a pun on kristalna noć, the Croatian translation of Kristallnacht)..[citation needed]
Demonstrations were also organized in the city of Šibenik[citation needed], where they involved another large group of Croats. Those protests also turned violent, with Serb-owned businesses and vehicles being attacked and destroyed.[citation needed]
The number of properties destroyed was reported to have been at least 168 [3]. A number of individual Serbs were also assaulted.[citation needed]
The violence was reported to have lasted for several hours, without the police taking control.[4][5]
The aftermath
The Yugoslav communist government later accused local HDZ officials of having instigated the violence. It claimed that
- [The] action was organized by a number of the HDZ activists and the highest-ranking officials in Zadar, in the presence of Vladimir Šeks, deputy Speaker of the Croatian Parliament and Petar Šale - both of them among the highest-ranking HDZ officials at the time.[3]
The events in Zadar were not widely reported at the time in the Western media, though the Serbian media cited the pogrom as an example of anti-Serb feeling in Croatia.[citation needed]. It was cited in a similar context by the former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milošević during his war crimes trial.[6] It has been claimed .[citation needed] that it was a deliberate attempt to "ethnically cleanse" the region. In this vein, these riots were characterized as a pogrom or as a Kristallnacht..[citation needed]
In July, JNA and Serb forces launched the attack on Croatian-populated Dalmatia. Zadar and Šibenik will be the cities in Dalmatia most heavily hit by Serb attacks, where hundreds will be killed.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ James Gow, The Serbian Project and its Adversaries, p. 159. C. Hurst & Co, 2003
- ^ Timeline for Croatian War of Independence
- ^ a b Sixth Report of the FRY Government on War Crimes committed in the territory of the former SFRY, December 1995
- ^ Belgrade home service report (via BBC Monitoring), 2 May 1991
- ^ War Crimes, Report VI
- ^ Transcript, 15 February 2006