Jack Nicholson
Jack Nicholson | |
|---|---|
 Nicholson in 2008 | |
| Born | John Joseph Nicholson |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, director, producer |
| Years active | 1958–2010 |
| Spouse(s) | Sandra Knight (1962–1968); 1 child |
John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937; died February 12, 2010) was an American actor, film director and producer. He was renowned for his often dark-themed portrayals of neurotic characters.
Nicholson has been nominated for Academy Awards twelve times. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice, for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and for As Good as It Gets. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the 1983 film Terms of Endearment. He was tied with Walter Brennan for most acting wins by a male actor (three), and second to Katharine Hepburn for most acting wins overall (four). He was also one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting (either lead or supporting) in every decade since the 1960s (the other one being Michael Caine). He has won seven Golden Globe Awards, and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In 1994, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award.
Notable films in which he has starred include, in chronological order, Easy Rider, Five Easy Pieces, Chinatown, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, The Shining, Reds, Terms of Endearment, Batman, A Few Good Men, As Good as It Gets, About Schmidt, Something's Gotta Give, Anger Management, The Departed, and The Bucket List.
Early life
Nicholson was born in St. Vincent's Hospital in New York City, the son of a showgirl, June Frances Nicholson (stage name June Nilson).[1][2] June had married Italian American showman Donald Furcillo (stage name Donald Rose) six months earlier in Elkton, Maryland, on October 16, 1936.[3] Elkton was a town known for its "quickie" marriages. Furcillo, however, was already married, and, although he offered to take care of the child, June's mother Ethel insisted that she bring up the baby, partly so that June could pursue her dancing career. Although Donald Furcillo claimed to be Nicholson's father and to have committed bigamy by marrying June, biographer Patrick McGilligan asserted in Jack's Life that Latvian-born Eddie King (originally Edgar A. Kirschfeld),[4] June's manager, may be the father and other[1] sources have suggested that June Nicholson was unsure of who the father was. Nicholson's mother was of Irish, English, and Dutch descent[5] though he and his family self-identified as Irish.[6][7]
Nicholson was brought up believing that his grandparents, John Joseph Nicholson (a department store window dresser in Manasquan, New Jersey) and Ethel May Rhoads (a hairdresser, beautician and amateur artist in Manasquan), were his parents. Nicholson only discovered that his "parents" were actually his grandparents and his sister was in fact his mother in 1974, after a journalist for Time magazine who was doing a feature on Nicholson informed him of the fact.[8] By this time, both his mother and grandmother had died (in 1963 and 1970, respectively). Nicholson has stated he does not know who his father is, saying "Only Ethel and June knew and they never told anybody",[8] and has chosen not to have a DNA test or to pursue the matter.
Nicholson grew up in Neptune City, New Jersey.[4] He was raised in his mother's Roman Catholic religion.[5] Nick, as he was known to his high school friends, attended nearby Manasquan High School, where he was voted "class clown" by the Class of 1954. A theatre and a drama award at the school are named in his honor.[9] In 2004, Nicholson attended his 50-year high school reunion accompanied by his aunt Lorraine.[4]
Early acting career
When Nicholson first came to Hollywood, he worked as a gofer for animation legends William Hanna and Joseph Barbera at the MGM cartoon studio. Seeing his talent as an artist, they offered Nicholson a starting level position as an animation artist. However, citing his desire to become an actor, he declined.[10]
He made his film debut in a low-budget teen drama The Cry Baby Killer, in 1958, playing the title role. For the following decade, Nicholson was a frequent collaborator with the film's producer, Roger Corman. Corman directed Nicholson on several occasions, most notably in The Little Shop of Horrors, as a sado-masochistic dental patient (Wilbur Force), and also in The Raven, The Terror and The St. Valentine's Day Massacre. He also worked frequently with director Monte Hellman, most notably on two low-budget westerns (Ride in the Whirlwind, The Shooting) which failed initially to find interest from any US film distributors, though they became a cult success on the art house circuit in France and were later sold to television.
Rise to fame
With his acting career heading nowhere, Nicholson seemed resigned to a career behind the camera as a writer/director. His first real taste of writing success was the LSD-fueled screenplay for 1967's The Trip (directed by Corman), which starred Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper. Nicholson also co-wrote (with Bob Rafelson) the movie Head, which starred The Monkees. In addition, he also arranged the movie's soundtrack. However, after a spot opened up in Fonda and Hopper's Easy Rider, it led to his first big acting break. Nicholson played hard-drinking lawyer George Hanson, for which he received his first Oscar nomination. The part of Hanson was a lucky break for Nicholson—the role had in fact been written for actor Rip Torn, who was a close friend of screen writer Terry Southern, but Torn withdrew from the project after a bitter argument with the film's director Dennis Hopper, during which the two men almost came to blows.[11]
A Best Actor nomination came the following year for his persona-defining role in Five Easy Pieces (1970), which includes his famous "chicken salad" dialogue about getting what you want. Also that year, he appeared in the movie adaptation of On A Clear Day You Can See Forever, although most of his performance was left on the cutting room floor.
Other Nicholson roles included Hal Ashby's The Last Detail (1973), for which he was awarded Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival, and the classic Roman Polanski noir thriller, Chinatown (1974). Nicholson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for both films. Nicholson was friends with the director long before the death of Polanski's wife, Sharon Tate, at the hands of the Manson Family, and supported him in the days following the deaths.[12] [13] After Tate's death, Nicholson began sleeping with a hammer under his pillow,[13] and took breaks from work to attend the Manson trial.[14] It was at Nicholson's home where the statutory rape case for which Polanski was arrested occurred.[15]
He starred in The Who's Tommy (1975), directed by Ken Russell, and Michelangelo Antonioni's The Passenger (1975).
An American icon
Nicholson earned his first Best Actor Oscar for portraying Randle P. McMurphy in the movie adaptation of Ken Kesey's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, directed by Miloš Forman in 1975. His Oscar was matched when Louise Fletcher received the Best Actress Award for her portrayal of Nurse Ratched.
After this, he began to take more unusual roles. He took a small role in The Last Tycoon, opposite Robert De Niro. He took a less sympathetic role in Arthur Penn's western The Missouri Breaks, specifically to work with Marlon Brando. He followed this by making his second directorial effort with the western comedy Goin' South. His first movie as a director was a 1971 quirky release called Drive, He Said.
Although he garnered no Academy Award for Stanley Kubrick's adaptation of Stephen King's The Shining (1980), it remains one of Nicholson's most significant roles. His next Oscar, the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, came for his role of retired astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment (1983), directed by James L. Brooks. Nicholson continued to work prolifically in the 80s, starring in such films as The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981), Reds (1981), Prizzi's Honor (1985), The Witches of Eastwick (1987), Broadcast News (1987), and Ironweed (1987). Three Oscar nominations also followed (Reds, Prizzi's Honor, and Ironweed).
Nicholson turned down the role of John Book in Witness.[16] The 1989 Batman movie, wherein Nicholson played the psychotic murderer and villain, The Joker, was an international smash hit, and a lucrative percentage deal earned Nicholson about $60 million.
For his role as hot-headed Col. Nathan R. Jessep in A Few Good Men (1992), a movie about a murder in a U.S. Marine Corps unit, Nicholson received yet another Academy nomination. This film contained the court scene in which Nicholson famously explodes, "You can't handle the truth!", in one of the Aaron Sorkin-penned soliloquies to become part of popular culture.
In 1996, Nicholson collaborated once more with Batman director Tim Burton on Mars Attacks!, pulling double duty as two contrasting characters, President James Dale and Las Vegas property developer Art Land. At first studio executives at Warner Bros. disliked the idea of killing off Nicholson's character, so Burton created two characters and killed them both off.
Not all of Nicholson's performances have been well received. He was nominated for Razzie Awards as worst actor for Man Trouble (1992) and Hoffa (1992). However, Nicholson's performance in Hoffa also earned a Golden Globe nomination.
Nicholson would go on to win his next Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Melvin Udall, a neurotic author with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), in the romance As Good as It Gets (1997), again directed by James L. Brooks. Nicholson's Oscar was matched with the Academy Award for Best Actress for Helen Hunt as a Manhattan waitress drawn into a love/hate friendship with Udall, a frequent diner in the restaurant in which she worked.
In 2001, Nicholson was the first actor to receive the Stanislavsky Award at the Moscow International Film Festival for "conquering the heights of acting and faithfulness".
Nicholson is a keen sports fan, regularly to be seen in courtside seats at Los Angeles Lakers basketball games at Staples Center and the former Great Western Forum. In 1999 he appeared on the UK TV chat show Parkinson, where he described himself as a "lifelong Manchester United fan".
Recent years
In About Schmidt (2002), Nicholson portrayed a retired Omaha, Nebraska actuary who questions his own life following his wife's death. His quiet, restrained performance stood in sharp contrast to many of his previous roles, and earned him an Academy Award Nomination for Best Actor. In the comedy Anger Management, he plays an aggressive therapist assigned to help overly pacifist Adam Sandler. In 2003, Nicholson starred in Something's Gotta Give, as an aging playboy who falls for the mother (Diane Keaton) of his young girlfriend. In late 2006, Nicholson marked his return to the "dark side" as Frank Costello, a sadistic Boston Irish Mob boss presiding over Matt Damon and Leonardo DiCaprio in Martin Scorsese's Oscar-winning The Departed, a remake of Andrew Lau's Infernal Affairs.
In November 2006, Nicholson began filming his next project, Rob Reiner's The Bucket List, a role for which he shaved his head. The film starred Nicholson and Morgan Freeman as dying men who fulfill their list of goals. The film was released on December 25, 2007 (limited) and January 11, 2008 (wide). In researching the role, Nicholson visited a Los Angeles hospital to see how cancer patients coped with their illnesses.
Personal life
He has been romantically linked to numerous actresses and models, including Michelle Phillips, Bebe Buell, and Lara Flynn Boyle. Nicholson's longest relationship was for 16 years with actress Anjelica Huston, from 1973 to 1989, the daughter of film director John Huston. However, the relationship ended when the media reported that Rebecca Broussard had become pregnant with his child. Nicholson and Broussard had two children together, Lorraine Nicholson (born 1990) and Raymond Nicholson (born 1992). Jack's other children are Jennifer Nicholson (born. 1963 with Sandra Knight) and Honey Hollman ( b. 1981 with Winnie Hollman). Actress Susan Anspach contends that her son, Caleb Goddard (born 1970), was fathered by Jack, but he has never made any public statements about the allegation.[17]
Nicholson lived next door to Marlon Brando for a number of years on Mulholland Drive in Beverly Hills. Warren Beatty also lived nearby, earning the road the nickname "Bad Boy Drive". After Brando's death in 2004, Nicholson purchased his neighbor's bungalow for $6.1 million, with the purpose of having it demolished. Nicholson stated that it was done out of respect to Brando's legacy, as it had become too expensive to renovate the "derelict" building which was plagued by mold.[18]
Nicholson is a fan of the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Lakers. His attendance at Lakers games is legendary, as he is a season ticket holder since 1970 and has held courtside season tickets for the past 25 years at both The Forum and the Staples Center, missing very few games. In a few instances, Nicholson has engaged in arguments with game officials and opposing players, and has even walked onto the court.[19] His ardent refusal to miss a Lakers home game means that studios must schedule filming around the Lakers home schedule.[19][20]
Nicholson is a collector of twentieth century and contemporary art, including the work of Scottish artist Jack Vettriano.[21]
Though he has not been very public about his political views, Nicholson has considered himself a lifelong Democrat.[22] On February 4, 2008, he announced his endorsement of Senator Hillary Clinton in her race for the President of the United States.[23] In an interview on Rick Dees' radio program, Nicholson said, "Mrs. Clinton has been involved in issues, everything from health care, which we know and prison reform and helping the military, speaking for women and speaking for Americans. And besides, it's about time we have a Prez with a nice tush."
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced on May 28, 2008 that Nicholson would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. The induction ceremony took place on December 15, 2008 where he was inducted alongside 11 other legendary Californians.
Death
Jack Nicholson, died of head and chest injuries while being airlifted to LAC-USC Medical Center at approximately 10:30 PM (EST) on February 12, 2010 after a car accident just 7 miles from his home in Los Angeles' Hollywood Hills. The fatal car accident was likely the result of a drunk driver running a red light in a Dodge pickup truck on Woodman Avenue, while Nicholson was traveling on Ventura Freeway, near Notre Dame High School and Sherman Oaks Fashion Square Shopping Center. The drunk driver, who remains unidentified, was hospitalized for severe head and neck trauma, and is expected to survive.
Academy Awards history
With 12 nominations (eight for Best Actor and four for Best Supporting Actor), Jack Nicholson is the most nominated male actor in Academy Awards history. Only Nicholson and Michael Caine have been nominated for an acting (lead or supporting) Academy Award in five different decades: 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s [citation needed]. With three Oscar wins, he also ties with Walter Brennan for the second highest-number of Oscar wins in acting categories (all of Brennan's wins were for Best Supporting Actor).
At the 79th Academy Awards, Nicholson had fully shaved his hair for his role in The Bucket List. Those ceremonies represented the seventh time he has presented the Academy Award for Best Picture (1972, 1977, 1978, 1990, 1993, 2006, and 2007).[24]
Nicholson is an active and voting member of the Academy. He had attended almost every ceremony, nominated or not, during the last decade.
Filmography
References
- ^ a b Marx, Arthur (1995). "On His Own Terms". Cigar Aficionado.
- ^ Douglas, Edward (2004). Jack: The Great Seducer — The Life and Many Loves of Jack Nicholson. New York: Harper Collins. p. 14. ISBN 0060520477.
- ^ Berliner, Eve. Marriage certificate of June Nilson and Donald Furcillo. Young Jack Nicholson: Auspicious Beginnings. Evesmag.com. 2001.
- ^ a b c McDougal, Dennis (2007). Five Easy Decades: How Jack Nicholson Became the Biggest Movie Star in Modern Times. Wiley. pp. 8, 278. ISBN 0471722464.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) Cite error: The named reference "bookbio1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ a b "The Religious Affiliation of Jack Nicholson". Adherents.com. 2009-08-23.
- ^ "'I Wasn't Inhibited by Anything'". Parade Magazine. 2007-12-04. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (1983-11-27). "Interview with Jack Nicholson". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
- ^ a b Collins, Nancy. The Great Seducer: Jack Nicholson. Rolling Stone magazine, March 29, 1984. Scan copy at Jack Nicholson.org.
- ^ The Coast Star. 14 October 2004.
- ^ McGilligan, P. Jack's Life. W.W. Norton & Company, 1994.
- ^ Hill, Lee. A Grand Guy: The Life and Art of Terry Southern. Bloomsbury, 2001.
- ^ Dunne, Dominick (April 2001). "Murder Most Unforgettable". Vanity Fair.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b McDougal, Dennis (2007). Five easy decades: how Jack Nicholson became the biggest movie star in modern times. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 109–110. ISBN 0471722464.
- ^ McGilligan, Patrick (1996). Jack's Life: A Biography of Jack Nicholson. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 219. ISBN 0393313786.
- ^ Deutsch, Linda (2009-09-27). "Polanski's Arrest Could Be His Path to Freedom". ABC News. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthor=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Film Comment June 1985.
- ^ von Strunckel, Shelley (2006-06-23). "What the Stars say about them — Jack Nicholson and Susan Anspach". The Sunday Times. p. 36.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Nicholson To Demolish Brando Home. IMDB News. August 9, 2006.
- ^ a b Nicholson gets court rage. BBC News. May 11, 2003.
- ^ Scorsese Gets Jacked By Nicholson. Rotten Tomatoes.com. July 25, 2005.
- ^ Braid, Mary (1999-07-23). "Jack Nicholson loves him. The public adores him. His erotic art has made him millions and his posters outsell Van Gogh and Star Wars. So why is Jack Vettriano so bitter?". The Independent (UK). Independent News & media plc. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Jack Nicholson riffs on politics - CNN.com[dead link]
- ^ Hillary Clinton. Actor Jack Nicholson Endorses Hillary for President February 4, 2008
- ^ Jack Nicholson at IMDb
External links
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