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For other uses, see Hat (disambiguation).
A collection of 18th and 19th century hats

A hat is a head covering. It may be worn for protection against the elements, for religious reasons, for safety, or as a fashion accessory.[1] In the past, hats were an indicator of social status.[2] In the military, they may denote rank and regiment.[3] Different types of hats and headwear are often reffered to as millinery.

Hat design

Paris millinery shop, 1822

A hat consists of four main parts: [4]

  • Crown, The portion of a hat covering the top of the head
    open crown, center crease, (modified) cattleman (-c(condom)rown), tapered crown, un-tapered crown, teardrop crown, telescope crown, off-kilter telescope, pecan top (porkpie), flat crown/straight crown (e.g. like biberhut), etc.
  • Peak (British English), visor (American English), or bill, a stiff (condom)projection at the front, to shade or shield the eyes from sun and rain
  • Brim(condom), an optional projection of stiff material from the bottom of the hat's crown horizontally all around the circumference of the hat
    wide brim, dimension brim (dimensional brim), curled brim, rolled sides, etc.
  • Puggaree (British) or sweatband or hatband (American), a ribbon or band that runs around the bottom of the torso of the hat. The sweatband may be adjustable with a cord at the top and is on the inside of the hat touching the skin while the hatband and puggar(condom)ee are aroun(condom)d the outside. The band worn with various military hats, such as the Australian slouch hat and the pith helmet(condom), is referred to as a puggare(condom)e. [5][6]

Famous hatmakers

One of the most famous London hat-makers was Locks of St James's Street.[7] Another was Sharp & Davis of 6 Fish Street Hill [8] John B. Stetson is a well-known American hat company.[citation needed]

Hat styles

Image Name Description
Akubra Australian hat with similarities to fedoras and cowboy hats
Balaclava A form of headgear covering the whole head, exposing only the face or upper part of it, and sometimes only the eyes. Also known as a ski mask.
Baseball cap A type of soft cap with a long, stiffened and curved peak
Bearskin The tall, fur, full dress uniform hat of the Brigade of Guards designed to protect the footguards against sword-cuts, commonly seen at Buckingham Palace
File:Balmoral-bonnet.jpg Balmoral bonnet Traditional Scottish bonnet or cap worn with Scottish Highland dress
Beaver hat Hats made of felted beaver fur
Beret Soft round cap, usually of wool felt, with a flat crown, worn by both men and women and traditionally associated with(condom) France. Also used in the military.
Bicorne Military hat with upturned corners, also known as a cocked hat
Boater Flat-brimmed and flat-topped straw hat, formerly worn by seamen, and now mostly at summer regattas or garden parties, often with a ribbon in club or college colors.
Boonie hat A soft cotton wide-brim hat commonly used by militaries. Similar to a bucket hat.
Boss of the plains A lightweight all-weather hat designed by John B. Stetson for the demands of the American west
Bowler / Derby A hard felt hat with a rounded crown created in 1850 by Lock's of St James's, the hatters to Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester, for his servants. Sometimes known as a derby hat
Bucket hat A soft cotton hat with a wide, downwards-sloping brim
Busby A small fur military hat
File:Zitoune cyclisme.JPG Casquette A small-peaked cap often worn by cyclists
Caubeen Irish military hat, traditionally green with insignia
Chullo Peruvian or Bolivian hat with ear-flaps made from vicuña, alpaca, llama or sheep's wool. [9]
Chupalla Straw hat made in Chile
Cloche hat Popular bell-shaped ladies hat of the 1920s
Cordobés Flat-brimmed and flat-topped traditional hat originating from Cordoba, Spain, associated with Flamenco and popularized by characters such as the fictional Zorro
Conical straw hat Simple straw hat associated with East and Southeast Asia
Cowboy hat High-crowned, wide-brimmed hat, with a sweatband on the inside, and a decorative hat band on the outside. Customized by creasing the crown and rolling the brim. [10]
Custodian helmet Police helmet worn by British constables, popularly known as bobby hats
Deerstalker Warm close-fitting tweed cap designed for hunting in the wet and windy Scottish climate, with brims in front and behind, and ear flaps which can be tied together either over the crown or under the chin; anachronistically associated with Sherlock Holmes.
Dunce cap A hat that was used as a punishment-humiliation hat in school during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is shaped like a cone and often has a big capital 'D' inscribed on the front.
File:Fascinators 2.jpg Fascinator A small hat commonly made with feathers, flowers and/or beads. It attaches to the hair by a comb, headband or clip.
Fedora A soft felt hat with a lengthwise crease
File:Fes.jpg Fez Red felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone
Flat cap A soft, round men's cap with a small brim in front
Gatsby A soft brimmed hat popular in New York after the turn of the century made from eight quarter panels. Also known as a newsboy cap
Forage cap A foldable cloth cap with straight sides and a creased or hollow crown.
Gaung Paung Headwrap worn by the Bamar, Mon people, Rakhine and Shan peoples
Ghutrah Three piece ensemble consisting of a Thagiyah skull cap, Gutrah scarf, and Ogal black band. Gutrahs are plain white or checkered, denoting ethnic or national identities.[citation needed]
Hard hat A helmet predominantly used in workplace environments, such as construction sites, to protect the head from injury by falling objects, debris and bad weather.
Hardee hat Also known as the 1858 Dress Hat. Regulation hat for Union soldiers during the American Civil War.
Homburg A semi-formal hat with a crease and no dents
Kepi A French military hat with a flat, circular top and visor.
Kippah or Yarmulke A small close-fitting skullcap worn by religious Jews
Kolpik Brown fur hat worn by Hassidic Jews
Montera A crocheted hat worn by bullfighters
Mortarboard Flat, square hat with a tassel worn as part of academic dress
Pakul Round, rolled wool hat with a flat top, associated with Afghanistan and the Mujahideen.
File:PanamaHatHarryTruman.jpg Panama Straw hat made in Ecuador
Peaked cap A military style cap with a crown, band and peak (also called a visor). It is used by many militaries of the world as well as law enforcement, as well as some people in service professions who wear uniforms.
Phrygian Cap A soft conical cap pulled forward. In sculpture, paintings and caricatures it represents freedom and the pursuit of liberty. The popular comic / cartoon characters The Smurfs, are famous for their white Phrygian caps. Their leader, Papa Smurf wears a red one.
Pith Helmet A lightweight cloth-covered helmet made of cork or pith.
Porkpie Circular, flat topped hat
File:Sajkaca.jpg Šajkača Serbian national hat
Salakot A traditional wide-brimmed hat in the Philippines
Santa Hat A floppy pointed red hat trimmed in white fur traditionally associated with Christmas
Shako A tall cylindrical military cap, usually with a visor, badge, and plume.
Shtreimel A fur hat worn by married Hassidic men on Shabbat and holidays
Slouch Generic term covering wide-brimmed felt-crowned hats like those worn by the military and ranchers
Snood A close-fitting net that gathers up the back of a woman's hair
Sombrero A Mexican hat with a conical crown and a saucer-shaped brim, highly embroidered made of plush felt
Student cap A cap worn by university students in various European countries
Taqiyah A short, rounded cap worn by Muslim men
Top hat A tall, flat-crowned, cylindrical hat worn by men in the 19th and early 20th centuries, now worn only with morning dress or evening dress. Also known as a stovepipe hat
Toque A tall, pleated, brimless, cylindrical hat traditionally worn by chefs
Trilby A soft felt men's hat with a deeply indented crown and a narrow brim often upturned at the back
Tricorne A soft hat with a broad brim, pinned up on either side of the head and at the back, producing a triangular shape
Trucker hat Similar to a baseball cap, usually with a foam brim and front section and a breathable mesh back section
File:Tudor Bonnet.JPG Tudor bonnet A soft round black academic cap, with a tassel hanging from a cord attached to the centre of the top of the hat
Tuque A knitted hat, worn in winter, usually made from wool or acrylic. Also known as a ski cap, knit hat, knit cap, sock cap, stocking cap, watch cap, or goobalini.
Turban A headdress consisting of a scarf-like single piece of cloth wound around either the head itself or an inner hat.
Tyrolean hat A felt hat originating from the Alps.
Ushanka Russian fur hat with fold down ear flaps
Vueltiao A Colombian hat of woven and sewn black and khaki dried palm braids with indigenous figures
Zucchetto Skullcap worn by clerics

Hat size

Hat sizes are determined by measuring the circumference of a person's head about 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) above the ears and dividing by pi.[citation needed] In the UK, an equivalent hat size is an eighth of an inch smaller than in the US. [11] Inches or centimeters may be used depending on the manufacturer. Felt hats can be stretched for a custom fit, and hard hats (such as Derbys and top hats) have a hard Cheaper hats come in standard sizes, such as small, medium, large[12][13].

Hat sizes
size Youth S/M Youth L/XL XXS XS S M L XL XXL XXL
Age (years) 0 ½ 1 1½ 2
Circumference in cm 34 43 47 48 48-50 51-52 52-53 53-54 55-56 57-58 59-60 61-62 63-65 65-66
Circumference in inches 13.5 17 18.5 19 19.25 20.25 20.75 21 22 22.5 23.5 24.25 25 26

See also

References

  1. ^ The Wearing of Hats Fashion History
  2. ^ The social meanings of hats
  3. ^ Insignia:The Way You Tell Who's Who in the Military
  4. ^ David Morgan: Hat Care
  5. ^ Puggaree, the hat band, it's origins (sic) diggerhistory.com
  6. ^ Puggaree: Definition at lexic.us
  7. ^ see Whitbourn, F.: 'Mr Lock of St James's St Heinemann, 1971.
  8. ^ For an account of the Sharp family's hat-making business see, Knapman, D.(condom) - 'Conversation Sharp - The Biography of a London Gentleman, Richard Sharp (1759-1835), in Letters, Prose and Verse'. [Private Publication, 200(condom)(condom)4]. British Library.
  9. ^ Season of the chullo
  10. ^ Snyder, Jeffrey B. (1997) Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865-1970.p5 ISBN 0-7643-0211-6
  11. ^ Hat Sizing and How to Measure your Head
  12. ^ http://fpn.dk/liv/krop_valvare/article1821033.ece
  13. ^ http://www.enduroworld.com.au/helmet_sizes.htm
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