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David Miscavige

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David Miscavige
Born (1960-04-30) April 30, 1960 (age 64)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
NationalityAmerican
EmployerReligious Technology Center
TitleChairman of the Board
SpouseMichelle Miscavige
Websitehttp://davidmiscavige.rtc.org

David Miscavige (April 30, 1960) is the leader of the Church of Scientology and its many affiliated organizations, having assumed that role shortly after the death of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard in 1986. His formal title is Chairman of the Board of Religious Technology Center (RTC), a corporation that controls the trademarked names and symbols of Dianetics and Scientology and which "holds the ultimate ecclesiastical authority regarding the standard and pure application of L. Ron Hubbard's religious technologies."[2] His position is paramount within Scientology but, according to the church, it is not the same position once held by L. Ron Hubbard as the founder and originator of doctrines and policies; Miscavige's mandate is to protect the works of L. Ron Hubbard from distortion or misuse [3] and to serve as "worldwide ecclesiastical leader of the Scientology religion."[4][5][6].

Miscavige was an assistant to Hubbard (a "Commodore's messenger") while a teenager.[3] He rose to a leadership position within the organization by the early 1980s and was named Chairman of the Board of RTC in 1987.[7] Since assuming that role, Miscavige has been faced with press accounts alleging illegal and unethical practices. A 1991 Time magazine cover story described Miscavige as "ringleader" of a "hugely profitable global racket that survives by intimidating members and critics in a Mafia-like manner." [5] A 2009 series by the St. Petersburg Times details allegations by former Scientology executives and parishioners that Miscavige publicly humiliates and physically abuses his staff members.[8] Miscavige and other church spokespeople have consistently insisted that all such charges are false. He labels the sources quoted in the St. Petersburg Times as "lying" after the persons in question had been removed from the organization for "fundamental crimes against the Scientology religion."[9][10]

Among Scientologists, Miscavige is often referred to by his initials, "DM," or "C.O.B.," for Chairman of the Board.[11] He reportedly lives at Scientology's Gold Base, which is also the main RTC headquarters, near Hemet, California.[12]

Early life

David Miscavige was born in Philadelphia to Loretta and Ron Miscavige Sr.[13] and he was the youngest of their four children. The Polish-Italian family was Roman Catholic.[13] One sister is Denise Licciardi who in 2002 was hired by Bryan Zwan as a top executive for the Clearwater, Florida-based company Digital Lightwave.[14] His older brother is Ronnie Miscavige, who for a time was also in the Sea Organization[15] but who left the Church of Scientology in 2000.[16]

As a child, Miscavige suffered from asthma and severe allergies which prevented him from participating in many sports. During this time his father, a trumpet player, became interested in Scientology, and he had his son sent to a Scientologist. According to him and his son, the 45-minute Dianetics session cured his ailments. The family was impressed enough by Scientology to move to the world headquarters in Saint Hill Manor, England.[13]

Scientology

Early activities

Miscavige joined Scientology in 1971. In 1976 he left high school and joined the Sea Organization, an association of Scientologists established in 1968 by Hubbard. In 1977 he worked directly under Hubbard as a cameraman for Scientology training films. Hubbard appointed him to the Commodore's Messenger Organization, responsible for enforcing Hubbard's policies within the individual Scientology organizations. In 1981 he was placed in charge of the Watchdog Committee and the All Clear Unit, tasked with handling the various legal claims against Hubbard. He persuaded Mary Sue Hubbard to resign from the Guardian's Office (GO), deposed several GO officers through ethics proceedings, and removed the GO from the church's organization.[17]

After closing the Guardian's Office, Miscavige set up a new organizational structure for Scientology to release Hubbard from personal liability. He set up the Religious Technology Center, tasked with licensing Scientology's intellectual property, and Author Services Inc. to manage the proceeds. The Church of Spiritual Technology was created at the same time with an option to repurchase all of RTC's intellectual property rights.[17] In October 1982 Miscavige required Scientology Missions to enter new trademark usage contracts which established stricter policies on the use of Scientology materials.[11][18]

Rise to leadership

In 1981 Mary Sue Hubbard, then second only to L. Ron Hubbard himself in Scientology's hierarchy, was appealing her prison sentence for her part in Operation Snow White, and she began to face criticism from within the Scientology organization. The St. Petersburg Times, in the 1998 article "The Man Behind Scientology," states: "During two heated encounters, Miscavige persuaded Mary Sue Hubbard to resign. Together they composed a letter to Scientologists confirming her decision -- all without ever talking to L. Ron Hubbard." According to Miscavige, he and Mary Sue Hubbard remained friends thereafter.[13][19]

In a 1982 probate case, Ronald DeWolf, Hubbard's estranged son, accused Miscavige of embezzling from and manipulating his father. Hubbard denied this in a written statement, saying that his business affairs were being well managed by Author Services Inc., of which Miscavige was the Chairman of the Board. The case was dismissed on June 27, 1983.[20]

Miscavige announced L. Ron Hubbard's death in 1986, speaking to Sea Org members assembled in the Hollywood Palladium. Shortly before Hubbard's death, an apparent order from him circulated in the Sea Org that promoted Scientologist Pat Broeker and his wife to the new rank of Loyal Officer, making them the highest-ranking members.[21][page needed] Miscavige established himself as the ecclesiastical leader of the religion.[22]

Debbie Cook the former Captain FSO

Part 1:

The level of sadism DM had sunk to since my departure after four days into the Hole in Feb 2004 are enough to boggle any civilized mind. Not only did all of International Management (CMO INT and Exec Strata), and then CO FSO, but also the by-then holed CO FCB (Kirsti Wilhere), and President CSI (Heber Jenzscth – yes, the 75 year old plus several decade face of Scientology) were subjected to these inhumanities.

In the middle of summer 2007, when local temperature regularly rises well above 110 degrees, DM ordered the electricity in the Hole to be cut off for many days at a time. DM also ordered that the penniless Hole prisoners pay for their own food. What they paid for was, as one survivor described it, ”slop” or like “gruel” Oliver Twist style. For breakfast it was only oatmeal, and all other meals were slop. Everybody had to wait in line and pay before eating. There were more than one hundred people there.

The same Korean brainwashing technique of physically forcing Holers to give confessions to the group were still going on daily; a practice DM instituted in 1998, and intensified in late 2003. Remember again, this is mid 2007.

In order to add insult to injury, DM had U Haul trucks pull up outside, and U Haul boxes brought in to let all participants know he was serious with his threats, “I’m going offload all of you.” I am sure most would gladly have been offloaded, but after several years of mind torture they no doubt understood there was no way out.

On many occasions the Holee’s were ordered to run a few hundred yards to the Cine Conference room where DM held court during event preparations. He would interrupt whatever he was doing to go out to the front lawn where the Holees had to stand for high volume toastings and severe degradation adjustments. They had to stand at attention for receipt of long, profanity laced dress downs of some or all of them depending on his mood.

One day DM announced to the assembled in the Hole that Marc Yager (one time CO CMO INT/WDC Chairman) and Guillaume Lesevre (one time ED INT) were homosexual and were engaged in a gay relationship. To those who have read my full blog and Scientology-cult.com you’d know that by that time, DM had been alleging this to the entire crew for ten years. But, for Debbie, Kristie (exCO FCB) and Heber, it was news.

Debbie was there when DM announced that Tom Cruise would come the next day to “punch you guys out” if the one hundred Holee’s failed to get a confession out of Guillaume and Marc.

When DM left Jenny Linsen Devocht, Angie Blankenship, and Lisa Schroer (who were DM’s pets at the time, sort of in charge of the Hole while being Holed themselves) decided that the Holees collectively will “give some people some black eyes before Tom has to.” Russ Bellin (once CO CST) lead the charge of the bigger and stronger men in the hole who began the beat downs of Yager, Guillaume and Ray Mithoff (once Snr CS INT). The crew battered Marc, Guillaume and Ray. In the psychotic frenzy even Norman Starkey and Heber sustained some collateral damage. Debbie managed not to participate in the carnage.

When DM returned for a report, Lisa Schroer (who remained a DM pet throughout given her position as CO of Gold, that handles the only product he gives a damn about, Events) in her inimitable fashion, started embellishing the forced confessions allegedly gotten from Guillaume and Yager while under legally recognized conditions of torture. Lisa dutifully reported that Guillaume and Yager had in fact confessed to having a homosexual relationship.

Debbie tried to correct the report, interjecting that they never really confessed as Lisa was reporting. DM shut her up in a heartbeat. Once DM left, Lisa Schroer , who was a little more in charge of the Hole at the time than Jenny and Angie, briefed the Holees what a treasonous “bitch” Debbie was for “defending” Marc and Guillaume. She was accused of being “mutual out ruds” for having sided with the victims of torture. That included loud accusations from Lisa, Angie and Jenny that Debbie “must be a lesbo.”

For the next twelve hours Debbie was made to stand in a large garbage can and face one hundred people screaming at her demanding a confession as to her “homosexual tendancies”. While this was going on water was poured over her head. Signs were put around Debbie’s neck, one marked in magic marker “LESBO” while this torture proceeded. Debbie was repeatedly slapped across the face by other women in the room during the interrogation. Debbie never did break. And fittingly she was rewarded with what turned out to be a break in another sense of the word.

When I confirmed all of these facts with multiple sources, I knew without a doubt there was no turning back for me.


Debbie Cook the former Captain FSO

Part 2:

By her own vigilance and a simple twist of fate Debbie was temporarily reprieved from the living hell of the Hole. Having missed his May 9th event target for releasing the Basics, DM then scheduled a special Maiden Voyage at Flag release event.

Catching wind of this Debbie very artfully indirectly got word to DM that such a plan would fail miserably without Debbie on the scene coordinating the massive logistics required to pull it off at Flag.

DM did order Debbie back to Flag and she managed to get back on her Capt FLB post. However, after using her credibility to lure in the public and make them buy into DM’s “New Era of Knowledge”, DM had her completely de-powered. He briefed the RTC Reps and the CMO on how “1.1. and evil” she was, how she had “sabotaged everything”. The briefings included a number of alleged lies that Debbie had allegedly told him about Flag renos/construction – that of course, as per usual, were utter inventions of DM’s paranoid mind. RTC Reps and CMO terminals were shell shocked. Last time they saw Debbie she was DM’s Golden Girl, getting promoted to Int. They, however, put their own perceptions aside to carry out “command intention” with gusto.

DM had RTC Reps gunning for Debbie. Ty Webb had replaced my former wife Anne as RTC Rep Flag. Anne had been sent to Int to do DM’s dirty work there. Other RTC Reps came in and out, such as Lurie Belotti from the ship, all briefed to hound Debbie, which they dutifully did.

This was the final decimation of Flag. Debbie, her staff, and FSO executives were pounded to do nothing but “sales and sign ups for the Basics”, and all standard FSO business went by the wayside – treated as a nuisance. DM dictates such as “all base execs and crew do not go home at night until all Basics quotas are met” severely disestablished what Debbie had spent nearly thirty years helping to put there.

All the while Debbie was suffering from a physical condition; one which more than anything required proper nutrition, exercise and rest to handle. Under DM’s “Basics” drive, instead Debbie was subjected to bad nutrition, no exercise, little rest. To top it off, DM – as is his standard operating procedure – saw to it that Debbie was taken off of Solo NOTS, and was instead subjected to continuous invalidative sec checking.

Debbie continually originated that her physical pain was intensifying. Every origin was ignored. Finally, she was pulled in for a Severe Reality Adjustment by RTC Rep Ty Webb to “stop motivating”, and put on a “COB ordered Ethics program” which included “M-9 the entire Ethics book.”

Debbie’s freedom was being systematically destroyed. She was prohibited from driving. She had a full time CMO guard on her.

During this campaign to disgrace Debbie in her own house, FSO was being converted into the Reg factory it has become. Debbie’s only ally and comfort was her husband Wayne Baumgarten. DM’s vampire insticts picked up on some external force keeping Debbie’s head above water and soon Wayne was pulled in to Security FLB and subject to DM’s Shock Doctrine. Wayne was told confess to suppressive acts. When he expressed surprise, he was told he was going to the RPF. He could either go for the crimes he confesses, or for withholding the crimes – and that if it were the latter he’d be in for a far more unpleasant experience than if he were to choose the former.

Debbie recognized she was losing the last (and most important) part of her life in Wayne and so drawing on her personal persuasion skills she had honed over the past thirty years, she somehow convinced Security to allow Wayne to visit her one night at the Hacienda.

The next morning, Debbie and Wayne were transported to the base by her guard in a Flag van. Debbie convinced the driver to stop at the galley in the Clearwater bank building so that they could pick up some breakfast. The guard pulled up to the CB, got out and went into the CB to get the food.

When the guard disappeared into the building, Debbie jumped into the driver’s seat and sped off. She and Wayne drove to a rental car lot, rented a car, and left the van behind.

It did not take long for the OSA dragnet to kick into action.


Debbie Cook the former Captain FSO

Part 3:

After escaping Flag and securing a rental car, Debbie and Wayne did like every self-respecting erstwhile slave has done for centuries, hightailed it north. They drove toward Debbie’s father’s place in North Carolina. They attempted to remain low profile. However, OSA spared no money in hunting them down. Debbie and Wayne were located in a coffee shop in South Carolina. While Security and OSA sources debate the truth of it, at least one of them insists that the OSA operatives on the scene used a car to block Debbie and Wayne’s in its parking spot in the lot. Kathy True (who ironically has lately taken to telling lies habitually) from OSA Flag entered the coffee shop and tried to convince Debbie and Wayne to return. They finally agreed to at least route out “properly” so they would not be declared. Debbie insisted her father was awaiting their arrival and they were going to see him first.

True received a brutal toasting for letting them leave South Carolina headed north. Consequently, True dashed to North Carolina and immediately began pestering Debbie and Wayne to return to Flag.

Debbie and Wayne only agreed to return under the promise that they do NOTHING but route out rapidly. They returned after True had accepted their terms as authorized by DM through his RTC Rep Flag.

Craig Jensen’s daughter got the assignment to sec check Debbie. She was an RTC sec checker, despite being a relatively green SO member, perhaps because of daddy’s elite IAS donation status. Debbie was put in “session” and was immediately interrogated. It was an out-tech dog’s breakfast, Nazi-style badgering ordeal.

When Debbie had finally had enough she threatened the RTC rep that if she was not out of custody by the next day that the Clearwater Police would arrive to release her.

Lo and behold, Debbie was finally speaking DM’s language. Suddenly, Debbie was being listened to. An OSA team came in and delivered DM’s life ring for Debbie and Wayne to avoid declares and lost hope of ever using or seeing Scientology at any time in the future. Some “bullet-proof” termination contracts were drafted by OSA attorneys. The contracts called for heavy monetary fines should Debbie and Wayne ever disclose the seriatum violations of State and Federal criminal laws they had witnessed and were subjected to. In order to make the contracts “binding”, they were given modest severance pay in exchange for their non-disclosure promises.

That’s right folks, DM’s latest “solution” to holding onto his precious withholds is paying people not to disclose them. I call it Reverse Indulgences, after the Medeival Catholic church practice of accepting money in exchange for exonerating folk for their confessed crimes. The practice was so abhorred it served as the primary motivator for the Reformation. DM’s Reverse Indulgences is a far more pernicious practice. He pays money (parishioner’s donations) to prevent folk from confessing his own crimes.

Now, our legal team (yes, we have quite a formidable one, all sub rosa for now of course) has done plenty of research on the matter. Their conclusion is that DM’s silence contracts are NOT enforcable for two primary reasons:

a) Contracts that silence the disclosure of felonious behavior are a violation of public policy and are thus unlawful.

b) The contracts we are familiar with so far dispense such a pittance in exchange for silence (and are entered into with a party who has no opportunity for legal representation) they are unenforceable contracts. For example, in the case of Debbie what do you suppose reasonable severance compensation would be for a Chief Executive Officer who brought in 1.75 Billion dollars during her tenure (yes One Billion, Seven-hundred and fifty million dollars)? Believe me, she got chump’s change. So did the other subjects of “contract tech.”

At the same time, recognize that Debbie, Wayne and others similarly situated are suffering from an intentionally created in terrorum effect. That terror is the knowledge that for all practical purposes they do have their backs against the wall because Miscavige WILL spend however many millions he has to ruin his opponent.

I call it the Time Warner effect. We sued Time Warner over their 1991 Time magazine cover story. After eight years of expensive litigation the dismissal of the case was affirmed by the highest court in the land. The press duly noted Time’s “victory”, while DM laughed all the way to the IAS patron’s ball. You see, we knew that Time had spent so much money defending themselves from our punishing over-litigation strategy that during the course of the litigation Time had exceeded their insurance coverage. First they had to dig significant amounts out of their own coffers to see the case through. Second, they had hugely increased premiums when they finally found a carrier after their then-current one dumped them like a plague infested rat.

DM literally giggled for years at how Time began to treat Scientology with kid gloves, steering clear of any Scientology controversy. And while his mirth is more twisted and spasmodic of late, he still feels a measure of confidence with the TW boys.

So, if America’s largest media conglomerates can be made to kow tow to the menace, what do you think a single, middle-aged wreck, with no viable job history and no assets feels like?

Please recognize that when dealing with people who have been subjected to “contract tech” or Reverse Indulgences. At the end of the day, the more folks who step up to the plate the safer it will be for them too.

It puts me and some of my friends in a very tough and vulnerable position to carry on with the work we do. But, hey if life were fair what kind of game would we have?

Allegations of abuse

Former senior-level Church of Scientology staff, including marketing executive Jeff Hawkins and Stacy Young, have alleged that Miscavige physically and emotionally abuses his subordinates, including high-ranking Church executives. Church representatives have consistently denied such accusations. Hawkins, a senior marketing executive in the Church, claimed that Miscavige had physically assaulted him at an executive meeting in 2002, and, on other occasions, had punched him in his stomach and hit him on the head.[23] Young, the wife of Hubbard's former public relations spokesman Vaughn Young and Miscavige's former secretary, has claimed that Miscavige emotionally tormented staff members on a regular basis during her tenure. "His viciousness and his cruelty to staff was unlike anything that I had ever experienced in my life ... He just loved to degrade the staff," Young said in a 1995 ITV interview. "He got a kick out of it. He thought it was funny. Anybody who didn't think it was funny, like I didn't, was very suspect."[24]

In June 2009, the St Petersburg Times reported that top former Scientologists Mike Rinder, Mark Rathbun and two other witnesses said Miscavige beats and demoralizes staff, and claimed violence is a standard occurrence.[8] Scientology spokesman Tommy Davis denied these claims and provided witnesses to rebut them.[8] Miscavige sent a letter, which was posted online, to the newspaper a day before the first story ran, saying:

"I have been advised that you have decided to move forward with your story without my interview. This, despite the fact confirmed more than three weeks ago that I would make myself available on a date certain (6 July), after you spoke to other relevant Church personnel and toured Church facilities, and that I would provide information annihilating the credibility of your sources including the fundamental crimes against the Scientology religion that were the reasons for their removal from post."[9]

The editors replied: "The Times first requested an interview with Mr. Miscavige on May 13, and offered to meet with him in person, or interview him by telephone at any time since."[9]

In 2009, Miscavige was named as a defendant in a lawsuit for slavery and child labor by a former Scientologist.[25]

Tax advocacy

In 1993 after lengthy negotiations an agreement with the Internal Revenue Service was reached on its treatment of the Church of Scientology. In 1991 Miscavige, with Mark Rathbun, had gone to IRS headquarters to meet with the Commissioner Fred Goldberg, which led to a two year review process (in which IRS tax analysts were ordered to ignore the substantive issues because the issues had been resolved prior to review),[26] and ultimately, tax exemption for the Church of Scientology International and its organizations in the US. Later, in 1997, the church issued a statement denying its own "impromptu meeting" version of events, which the IRS and Goldberg declined to comment on.[27]

In 1990, David Miscavige founded the organization Citizens for an Alternative Tax System. In 1997 the group was challenging the US tax system.[28]

Public contact

Although he is often a speaker at major Scientology openings, award ceremonies and related events,[29] Miscavige has rarely spoken to the press.

In his first media appearance, in 1992, Miscavige was interviewed at length by Ted Koppel of ABC News. During the nearly hour-long appearance, Miscavige identified what he considered to be misconceptions about Scientology and condemned recent criticism of the Church as unfounded and bigoted. Miscavige also addressed the issue of extraterrestrial beliefs in Scientology, dismissing them as no different from the beliefs of any other religion. When played an audio recording of L. Ron Hubbard describing a visit to the Van Allen belt, Miscavige rejected it as "[not] part of current Scientology."[30]

In 1998, Miscavige gave his sole newspaper interview to the St. Petersburg Times.[31] Later that year, he appeared in an A&E Investigative Reports installment called "Inside Scientology" which aired in December.[32]

Personal life

Miscavige served as best man in Tom Cruise's 2006 wedding to Katie Holmes.[33]

See also

References

  1. ^ Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology". part 4. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  2. ^ Religious Technology Center David Miscavige Biography (accessed May 8, 2007)
  3. ^ a b Christensen, Dorthe Reflsund (2004). "Inventing L. Ron Hubbard". In James R. Lewis (ed.). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. p. 247. ISBN 0195156838.
  4. ^ Religious Technology Center David Miscavige Biography, page 2 (accessed May 8, 2007)
  5. ^ a b Behar, Richard The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power Time Magazine May 6, 1991 page 50 Cite error: The named reference "Behar" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  6. ^ Schaefer, Richard T. (2007). "David Miscavige". In William W. Zellner (ed.). Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles. Worth Publishers, 8th Edition. p. 285. ISBN 0716770342.
  7. ^ Young, Robert Vaughn Scientology from inside out, Quill magazine, Volume 81, Number 9, Nov/Dec 1993.
  8. ^ a b c Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "The Truth Run Down". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
  9. ^ a b c Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "A letter from David Miscavige". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
  10. ^ Hoffman, Claire Tom Cruise and Scientology, Los Angeles Times, December 18, 2005
  11. ^ a b Sappell, Joel (June 24, 1990). "The Man In Control". Los Angeles Times. p. A41:4. Retrieved 2006-06-06. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Reitman, Janet Inside Scientology Rolling Stone, Issue 995. March 9, 2006. Page 57.
  13. ^ a b c d Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology". part 2. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  14. ^ O'Neil, Deborah (June 2, 2002). "The CEO and his church: Months of interviews and thousands of pages of court papers show the effect that influential church members had on a Clearwater company that was a darling of the dot-com boom". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg Times. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Atack, Jon (1990). "Chapter Four—The Young Rulers". [[A Piece of Blue Sky]]. Lyle Stuart. p. 448. ISBN 0-8184-0499-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  16. ^ Jacobsen, Jonny (January 28, 2008). "Niece of Scientology's leader backs Cruise biography". AFP. Google News. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  17. ^ a b Lamont, Stewart (1986). Religion Inc.: The Church of Scientology. London: Harrap. p. 95. ISBN 0245543341.
  18. ^ "Mystery of the Vanished Ruler". TIME. January 31, 1983. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  19. ^ Miller, Russell (1987). "22. Missing, Presumed Dead". Bare-faced Messiah, The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard (First American ed.). New York: Henry Holt & Co. pp. 305–306. ISBN 0-8050-0654-0.
  20. ^ Miller, Russell (1987). Bare-faced Messiah, The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard. Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 0-8050-0654-0. Page 369.
  21. ^ Atack, Jon (1990). A Piece of Blue Sky.
  22. ^ RTC web site
  23. ^ Davis, Matt (August 7, 2008). "Selling Scientology: A Former Scientologist Marketing Guru Turns Against the Church". Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  24. ^ "Inside the Cult", ITV's The Big Story, 1995
  25. ^ Hull, Tim (December 1, 2009). "Man Says Scientologists Enslaved Him as Boy". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  26. ^ Frantz, Douglas (March 9, 1997). "Scientology's Puzzling Journey From Tax Rebel to Tax Exempt". New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  27. ^ Frantz, Douglas (March 19, 1997). "Scientology Denies an Account Of an Impromptu I.R.S. Meeting". New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  28. ^ The Wall Street Journal, October 23, 1997
  29. ^ Inauguración de la Iglesia Nacional de Scientology de España, Keynote Address at the Grand Opening of the Church of Scientology New York (accessed August 3, 2006)
  30. ^ Koppel, Ted, Nightline, David Miscavige interview of February 14, 1992; Official ABC News Transcripts
  31. ^ Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The Man Behind Scientology". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  32. ^ A & E Investigative Reports: "Inside Scientology", December 14, 1998
  33. ^ "Cruise and Holmes go on honeymoon". BBC News. November 19, 2006. Retrieved February 10, 2007.

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