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Coordinates: 47°30′N 100°30′W / 47.5°N 100.5°W / 47.5; -100.5
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This article is about the U.S. State of North Dakota. For other uses, see North Dakota (disambiguation).
North Dakota
State
Map
CountryUnited States
Before statehoodDakota Territory
Admitted to the UnionNovember 2, 1889 (39th)
CapitalBismarck
Largest cityFargo
Government
 • GovernorJohn Hoeven (R)
 • Lieutenant governorJack Dalrymple (R)
 • Upper house{{{Upperhouse}}}
 • Lower house{{{Lowerhouse}}}
U.S. senatorsKent Conrad (D)
Byron Dorgan (D)
U.S. House delegationEarl Pomeroy (D) (list)
Population
 • Total
646,844 (2,009 est.)[1]
642,200 (2,000)
 • Density9.3/sq mi (3.58/km2)
Language
 • Official languageEnglish[2]
Latitude45° 56′ N to 49° 00′ N
Longitude96° 33′ W to 104° 03′ W

North Dakota (/[invalid input: 'en-us-North Dakota.ogg']ˌnɔːrθ dəˈkoʊtə/) is a State located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America, along the Canadian border, about halfway between the Pacific Ocean and the Great Lakes. North Dakota is the 19th largest state by area in the U.S. It is also the 3rd least populous, with only about 646,850 residents as of 2009.[4] North Dakota was carved out of the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with South Dakota.

The state capital is Bismarck and the largest city is Fargo. The primary public universities are located in Grand Forks and Fargo. The U.S. Air Force operates the Air Force Bases, Minot AFB and Grand Forks AFB in North Dakota.

North Dakota has the lowest rate of unemployment in the United States with a rate of only 4.2% in January 2010.

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History

Main article: History of North Dakota

Prior to European contact, Native Americans inhabited North Dakota for thousands of years. The first European to reach the area was the French-Canadian trader La Vérendrye, who led an exploration party to Mandan villages in 1738.[5] The trading arrangement between tribes was such that North Dakota tribes rarely dealt directly with Europeans. However, the native tribes were in sufficient contact that by the time that Lewis and Clark entered North Dakota in 1804, they were aware of the French and then Spanish claims to their territory.[6]

Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site

Much of present-day North Dakota was included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Much of acquired land was organized into Minnesota and Nebraska Territories. Dakota Territory, making up present-day North and South Dakota, along with parts of present-day Wyoming and Montana, was organized on March 2, 1861.[7] Dakota Territory was settled sparsely until the late 1800s, when the railroads entered the region and aggressively marketed the land. A bill for statehood for North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington titled the Enabling Act of 1889 was passed on February 22, 1889 during the administration of Grover Cleveland. After Cleveland left office, it was left to his successor, Benjamin Harrison, to sign proclamations formally admitting North and South Dakota to the Union on November 2, 1889.[8] The rivalry between the two new states presented a dilemma of which was to be admitted first. Harrison directed Secretary of State James G. Blaine to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first and the actual order went unrecorded. However, since North Dakota alphabetically appears before South Dakota, its proclamation was published first in the Statutes At Large. Since that day, it has become common to list the Dakotas alphabetically and thus North Dakota is usually listed as the 39th state. It is believed that nobody recorded which paper was signed first, thus nobody can actually know which of the Dakotas was admitted first.[9][10]

The corruption in the early territorial and state governments led to a wave of populism led by the Non Partisan League (usually referred to as the "NPL"), which brought social reforms in the early 20th century.[11] The NPL which was later incorporated as part of the Democratic Party, fashioned a number of laws and social reforms, in an attempt to insulate North Dakota from the power of out-of-state banks and corporations, a number of which are still in place today. In addition to the Bank of North Dakota and the North Dakota Mill and Elevator (both still in existence) there was a state-owned railroad line (later sold to the Soo Line Railroad). Additionally, anti-corporate laws were passed, which virtually prohibited a corporation or bank from owning title to land zoned as farmland. These laws, which still exist today, and which have upheld by both the State and Federal court systems, make it almost impossible to foreclose on farmland, as even after foreclosure, the property title cannot be held by a bank or mortgage company. Thus, virtually every farm in existence today in North Dakota, is still a "family-owned" farm. As a result, CBS News has reported that the state with the highest per capita percentage of millionaires is North Dakota.

A round of federal construction projects began in the 1950s including the Garrison Dam, and the Minot and Grand Forks Air Force bases.[12] There was a boom in oil exploration in western North Dakota in the 1980s, as rising petroleum prices made development profitable.[13] The original North Dakota State Capitol burned to the ground on December 28, 1930, and was replaced by a limestone faced art deco skyscraper that still stands today.[14]

Demographics

Population

North Dakota population density

From fewer than 3,000 people in 1870, North Dakota's population grew to near 680,000 by 1930. Growth then slowed, and the population has fluctuated slightly over the next seven decades, hitting a low of 617,761 in the 1970 census, with a total of 642,200 in the 2000 census.[15] The United States Census Bureau, as of July 1, 2008, estimated North Dakota's population at 641,481,[1] which represents a decrease of 714, or 0.1%, since the last census in 2000.[16] This includes a natural increase since the last census of 20,460 people (that is 67,788 births minus 47,328 deaths) and a decrease due to net migration of 17,787 people out of the state.[16] Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 3,323 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 21,110 people.[16] The age and gender distributions approximate the national average. Besides Native Americans, North Dakota's minority groups still form a significantly smaller proportion of the population than in the nation as a whole.[17] The center of population of North Dakota is located in Wells County, near Sykeston.[18]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18702,405—
188036,9091,434.7%
1890190,983417.4%
1900319,14667.1%
1910577,05680.8%
1920646,87212.1%
1930680,8455.3%
1940641,935−5.7%
1950619,636−3.5%
1960632,4462.1%
1970617,761−2.3%
1980652,7175.7%
1990638,800−2.1%
2000642,2000.5%
2009 (est.)646,844[1]

Emigration

Since 1923, North Dakota has experienced a virtually constant decline in population, particularly among younger people with university degrees.[19] One of the major causes of emigration in North Dakota looms from a lack of skilled jobs for graduates. Some propose the expansion of economic development programs to create skilled and high-tech jobs, but the effectiveness of such programs has been open to debate.[20]

As the issue is common to several High Plains states, federal politicians including Senator Byron Dorgan, have proposed The New Homestead Act of 2007 to encourage living in areas losing population through incentives such as tax breaks.[21]

Race and ancestry

Demographics of North Dakota (csv)
By race White Black AIAN* Asian NHPI*
2000 (total population) 93.79% 0.85% 5.49% 0.78% 0.07%
2000 (Hispanic only) 1.06% 0.05% 0.12% 0.02% 0.00%
2005 (total population) 93.19% 1.04% 5.81% 0.89% 0.06%
2005 (Hispanic only) 1.47% 0.06% 0.09% 0.02% 0.00%
Growth 2000–05 (total population) -1.50% 21.17% 4.85% 14.14% -13.45%
Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) -1.95% 21.51% 5.62% 15.01% -12.03%
Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) 37.78% 15.84% -28.34% -14.09% -37.04%
* AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Most North Dakotans are of Northern European descent. The five largest ancestry groups in North Dakota are: German (46.6%) (298,779), Norwegian (30.4%) (194,886), Irish (8.3%) (52,925), French (4.8%) (30,571) and Swedish (4.5%) (29,098).[22]

2.47% of the population aged 5 and older speak German at home, while 1.37% speak Spanish, 0.46% speak Norwegian, and 0.26% speak French according to the 2000 U.S. Census.[23]

The state's racial composition in 2005 was:[24]

Religion

North Dakota has the lowest percentage of non-religious people of any state, and it also has the most churches per capita of any state.[25][26]

A 2001 survey indicated that 35% of North Dakota's population was Lutheran, and 30% was Roman Catholic. Other religious groups represented were Methodists (7%), Baptists (6%), the Assembly of God (3%), and Jehovah's Witness (1%). Christians with unstated or other denominational affiliations, including other Protestants, totaled 3%, bringing the total Christian population to 86%. Non-Christian religions, such as Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism, together represented 4% of the population. Three percent of respondents answered "no religion" on the survey, and 6% declined to answer.[25]

The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2000 were the Roman Catholic Church with 179,349; the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 174,554; and the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod with 23,720.[27]

According to the website of the Mormon church there were 6,120 Latter Day Saints in sixteen congregations in North Dakota as of 2009. There is also an LDS temple in Bismarck.[28]

Culture

Fine and performing arts

North Dakota's major fine art museums and venues include the Chester Fritz Auditorium, Empire Arts Center, the Fargo Theatre, North Dakota Museum of Art, and the Plains Art Museum. The Bismarck-Mandan Symphony Orchestra, Fargo-Moorhead Symphony Orchestra, Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra and Minot Symphony Orchestra are full-time professional and semi-professional musical ensembles that perform concerts and offer educational programs to the community.

Entertainment

See also: Music of North Dakota

North Dakotan musicians of many genres include blues guitarist Jonny Lang, country music singer Lynn Anderson, jazz and traditional pop singer and songwriter Peggy Lee, big band leader Lawrence Welk, and pop singer Bobby Vee. The state is also home to two groups of the Indie rock genre that have become known on a national scale: GodheadSilo (originally from Fargo, but later relocated to Olympia, Washington and became signed to the Kill Rock Stars label) and June Panic (also of Fargo, signed to Secretly Canadian).

Ed Schultz is known around the country as the host of progressive talk radio show The Ed Schultz Show, and The Ed Show on MSNBC. Shadoe Stevens hosted American Top 40 from 1988 to 1995. Josh Duhamel is an Emmy Award-winning actor known for his roles in All My Children and Las Vegas.[29] Nicole Linkletter and CariDee English were winning contestants of Cycles 5 and 7, respectively, of America's Next Top Model. Kellan Lutz has appeared in movies such as Stick It, Accepted, Prom Night, and Twilight.

File:NDMetalStructr.jpg
Geese in Flight (2001) sculpture, part of the Enchanted Highway a stretch of 32 miles including Interstate 94 in North Dakota.[30]
See also: Cuisine of North Dakota

North Dakota cuisine includes Knoephla soup: a thick, stew-like chicken soup with dumplings, lutefisk: lye-treated fish, Kuchen: a pie-like pastry, lefse: a flat bread made from riced potatoes that is eaten with butter and sugar, Fleischkuekle, a deep fried entree of ground beef covered in dough, and served with chips and a pickle in most restaurants; strudel: a dough-and-filling item that can either be made as a pastry, or a savory dish with onions or meat; and other traditional German and Norwegian dishes. North Dakota also shares concepts such as hot dishes along with other Midwestern states.

Along with having the most churches per capita of any state, North Dakota has the highest percentage of church-going population of any state.[25][26]

Native American traditions are practiced by the Native American population of North Dakota, especially on Indian reservations. The North Dakota Pow-wow is held in Bismarck in late summer each year.[31]

Outdoor activities such as hunting and fishing are hobbies for many North Dakotans. Ice fishing and snowmobiling are also popular during the winter months. Residents of North Dakota may own or visit a cabin along a lake. Popular sport fish include walleye, perch, and northern pike.[32]

The western terminus of the North Country National Scenic Trail is located on Lake Sakakawea where it abuts the Lewis and Clark Trail.

Economy

File:North Dakota quarter, reverse side, 2006.jpg
North Dakota state quarter
See also: List of North Dakota companies

Agriculture is the largest industry in North Dakota, although petroleum and food processing are also major industries.[33] The economy of North Dakota had a gross domestic product of $24 billion in 2005.[34] The per capita income in 2006 was $33,034, ranked 29th in the nation.[35] The three-year median household income from 2002–2004 was $39,594, ranking 37th in the U.S.[36] North Dakota is also the only state with a state owned bank, the Bank of North Dakota in Bismarck, and a state owned flour mill, the North Dakota Mill and Elevator in Grand Forks.

As of January 2010, the states unemployment rate is the lowest in the nation at 4.2%.[37]

Industry and commerce

Sunflowers in Traill County

North Dakota's earliest industries were fur trading and agriculture. Although less than 10% of the population is employed in the agricultural sector,[38] it remains a major part of the state's economy, ranking 24th in the nation in the value of products sold.[39] The state is the largest producer in the U.S. of barley, sunflower seeds, spring and durum wheat for processing, and farm-raised turkeys.[39]

North Dakota Mill and Elevator postcard, 1915

Energy

Coal mines generate 93% of the North Dakota electricity.[40] Oil was discovered near Tioga in 1951, generating 53 million barrels (8,400,000 m3) of oil a year by 1984.[41] Western North Dakota is currently in an oil boom: the Tioga, Stanley and Minot-Burlington communities are experiencing rapid growth. The oil reserves may hold up to 400 billion barrels (6.4×1010 m3) of oil, 25 times larger than the reserves in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.[42][43] However, a report issued in April 2008 by the U.S. Geological Survey estimates that the oil recoverable by current technology in the Bakken formation is two orders of magnitude less, in the range of 3.0 to 4.3 billion barrels, with a mean of 3.65 billion.[44]

The Great Plains area, which North Dakota is a part of, is called the "Saudi Arabia" of wind energy,[45] North Dakota has the capability of producing 1.2 billion kilowatt hours of energy. That is enough to power 25% of the entire country's energy needs. Wind energy in North Dakota is also very cost effective because the state has large rural expanses and wind speeds seldom go below 10 mph (16 km/h).

Oil drilling equipment in western North Dakota

State taxes

North Dakota has a slightly progressive income tax structure; the five brackets of state income tax rates are 2.1%, 3.92% 4.34%, 5.04%, and 5.54% as of 2004.[46] North Dakota is ranked as the 21st highest in the nation for their capitals' total state taxes.[47] The sales tax in North Dakota is 5% for most items.[48] The state allows municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes, such as the 1.75% supplemental sales tax in Grand Forks.[49] Excise taxes are levied on the purchase price or market value of aircraft registered in North Dakota. The state imposes a use tax on items purchased elsewhere but used within North Dakota. Owners of real property in North Dakota pay property tax to their county, municipality, school district, and special taxing districts.[50]

The Tax Foundation ranks North Dakota as the state with the 30th most "business friendly" tax climate in the nation.[51] Tax Freedom Day arrives on April 1, 10 days earlier than the national Tax Freedom Day.[51] In 2006, North Dakota was the state with the lowest number of returns filed by taxpayers with an Adjusted Gross Income of over $1M – only 333.[52]

Transportation

See also: List of North Dakota numbered highways and List of North Dakota railroads

Transportation in North Dakota is overseen by the North Dakota Department of Transportation. The major Interstate highways are Interstate 29 and Interstate 94, with I-29 and I-94 meeting at Fargo, with I-29 oriented north to south along the eastern edge of the state, and I-94 bisecting the state from east to west between Minnesota and Montana. A unique feature of the North Dakota Interstate Highway system, is that virtually all of it is paved in concrete, rather than blacktop, because of the extreme weather conditions it must endure. The largest rail systems in the state are operated by BNSF and the Canadian Pacific Railway. Many branch lines formerly used by BNSF and Canadian Pacific Railway are now operated by the Dakota, Missouri Valley and Western Railroad and the Red River Valley and Western Railroad.[53][54]

North Dakota's principal airports are the Hector International Airport (FAR) in Fargo, Grand Forks International Airport (GFK), Bismarck Municipal Airport (BIS), and the Minot International Airport (MOT).

Amtrak's Empire Builder runs through North Dakota, making stops at Fargo (2:13 am westbound, 3:35 am eastbound), Grand Forks (4:52 am westbound, 12:57 am eastbound), Minot (around 9 am westbound and around 9:30 pm eastbound), and four other stations.[55] It is the descendant of the famous line of the same name run by the Great Northern Railway, which was built by the tycoon James J. Hill and ran from St. Paul to Seattle. Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound and Jefferson Lines. Public transit in North Dakota is currently limited to bus systems in the larger cities.

Law and government

As with the federal government of the United States, power in North Dakota is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.[56]

Executive

See also: List of Governors of North Dakota, List of Lieutenant Governors of North Dakota, List of Secretaries of State of North Dakota, and List of Attorneys General of North Dakota
John Burke, 10th Governor of North Dakota

The executive branch is headed by the governor. The current governor is John Hoeven, a Republican whose first term began December 15, 2000, and who was re-elected in 2004 and 2008. The current Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota is Jack Dalrymple, who is also the President of the Senate. The offices of governor and lieutenant governor have four-year terms. The governor has a cabinet consisting of the leaders of various state government agencies, called commissioners. The other elected constitutional offices are secretary of state, attorney general, and state auditor.

Legislative

The North Dakota Legislative Assembly is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The state has 47 districts. Each district has one senator and two representatives. Both senators and representatives are elected to four year terms. The state's legal code is named the North Dakota Century Code.

Judicial

North Dakota's court system has four levels. Municipal courts serve the cities, and most cases start in the district courts, which are courts of general jurisdiction. There are 42 district court judges in seven judicial districts.[57][58] Appeals from the trial courts and challenges to certain governmental decisions are heard by the North Dakota Court of Appeals, consisting of three-judge panels. The five-justice North Dakota Supreme Court hears all appeals from the district courts and the Court of Appeals.[59]

Regional

There are three Sioux, one Three Affiliated Tribes, and one Ojibwa reservations in North Dakota. These communities are self-governing.

Federal

See also: List of United States Senators from North Dakota; North Dakota United States Senate election, 2006; and United States House elections, 2006 § North Dakota

North Dakota's two United States senators are Democrats Kent Conrad and Byron Dorgan. The state has one at-large congressional district represented by Democratic representative Earl Pomeroy.

Federal court cases are heard in the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota, which holds court in Bismarck, Fargo, Grand Forks, and Minot. Appeals are heard by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals based in St. Louis, Missouri.

Politics

Main article: Politics of North Dakota
See also: Political party strength in North Dakota and List of political parties in North Dakota

The major political parties in North Dakota are the Democratic-NPL and the Republican Party. As of 2007, the Constitution Party and the Libertarian Party are also organized parties in the state.

At the state level, the governorship has been held by the Republican Party since 1992, along with a majority of the state legislature and statewide officers. Dem-NPL showings were strong in the 2000 governor's race, and in the 2006 legislative elections, but the League has not had a major breakthrough since the administration of former state governor George Sinner.

The Republican Party presidential candidate usually carries the state; in 2004, George W. Bush won with 62.9% of the vote. Of all the Democratic presidential candidates since 1892, only Grover Cleveland, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, and Lyndon Johnson received Electoral College votes from North Dakota.

On the other hand, Dem-NPL candidates for North Dakota's federal Senate and Congressional seats have won every election since 1982, and the state's federal delegation has been entirely Democratic since 1986.

Cities and towns

See also: List of cities in North Dakota
Downtown Fargo in 2007
North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck

Bismarck, located in south-central North Dakota along the banks of the Missouri River, has been North Dakota's capital city since 1883, first as capital of the Dakota Territory, and then as state capital since 1889. Bismarck however, was not originally the first choice to be the capital of the new state. While Bismarck had served adequately as the territorial capital, it was felt by many that the state's capital city should be moved eastward since then, as now, the majority of North Dakotans lived in the eastern half of the state. To that end, Jamestown was chosen as the new capital, and the state's official records were moved to Jamestown, and stored in the then-new Stutsman County Court House, in preparation for the first session of the North Dakota Legislature. Before the legislators had a chance to gather however, a small group of civic-minded Bismarck residents, disgruntled over the loss of prestige which the impending change meant to their community, rode on horseback the 100 miles to Jamestown in a January blizzard, broke into the court house, stole the state records, and made it back to Bismarck with them, staying just ahead of a pursuing posse. Once the records were back in Bismarck, they were essentially "held hostage", until the legislature agreed to meet in Bismarck. Faced with the "fait accompli", the legislators had no choice but to convene in Bismarck; and, as the Bismarck citizens had hoped for, once there, simply decided it was too much work to change the status quo. In an effort to extract some dignity from the situation however, the legislature refused to formally vote to establish Bismarck as the state capital city. Thus, while Bismarck remains the North Dakota state capital to this day, there is no actual statute, law or constitutional clause placing it there, although because of its convenient central location in the state the city is a perfect site for government to meet.

Bismarck's popularity and beauty attracts thousands of people from the east side of the state to the west, north and south. The state capitol building (the tallest building in the state), and biggest museum in the state, a civic center and the largest opera/ballet house in the state, the largest court room in the state, the largest zoo in the state ("Dakota Zoo") and many night clubs, churches, schools, stadiums, and university opportunities (University of Mary, Bismarck State College, United Tribes Technical College Rasmussen College and other medical, scientific, and religious related colleges) are located in Bismarck. Bismarck today is the leading provider in North Dakota of government, health care, nature protection, residential safety, recreational activities, and education. Bismarck hosts the two tallest buildings in the state (possibly a third), with many parks and recreational areas, three malls and many plazas, a huge downtown area where USA presidents visited, busy traffic and very busy train traffic and an increasing amount of air-travel, and its all located on top of rolling hills along the Missouri River. Bismarck is a "safe-haven" in North Dakota for trees, trees grow well in Bismarck because water is plentiful. Bismarck is always connected to all of North Dakota, Bismarck provides almost all radio signals and transfers data (weather predictions, news, newspaper, sporting events) to all of North Dakota, but not one fourth of North Dakota that is covered by Fargo. Western Montana and northern South Dakota are also covered by the city of Bismarck. Bismarck ranks second in tourism intake after Minot but tourism in Bismarck is powerful year round even during the winter. Bismarck also ranks second in largest metro area after Fargo, which continues to spread at an increasing rate. but Bismarck has no intention of spoiling the warm and happy environment it has successfully matured. Bismarck, North Dakota is the Official Safest (Large Population) City in America to Live.

Bismarck's economy has skyrocketed twice when gold was discovered in the Black Hills and when Garrison Dam on Lake Sakakawea was being constructed. Minot is a city in northern North Dakota is home of the North Dakota State Fair. Mandan is located a few miles west of Bismarck on the west side of the Missouri River and takes its name from the Mandan Indians that greeted Lewis and Clark. New Salem is the location of the world's largest holstein cow statue; the world's largest statue is of a buffalo is Jamestown. Grand Forks and Devils Lake are located in scenic areas of North Dakota. Williston is located near the confluence of the Missouri River and the Yellowstone River near Montana. Medora in the North Dakota Badlands hosts the Medora Musical every summer and is the gateway to Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Fort Yates, located along the Missouri River on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation claims to host the final resting place of Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull (Mobridge, South Dakota also claims his gravesite).

North Dakota's most populous city is Fargo, North Dakota. North Dakota's top 12 cities are listed here in order of descending size, they are: Fargo, Bismarck, Grand Forks, Minot, West Fargo, Mandan, Dickinson, Jamestown, Williston, Wahpeton, Devils Lake, and then Valley City.

Education

Higher education

The state has 11 public colleges and universities, five tribal community colleges, and four private schools. The largest institutions are North Dakota State University and the University of North Dakota.

The higher education system consists of the following institutions:

North Dakota University System (Public schools):

Tribal colleges:

Private schools:

State symbols

the Wild Prairie Rose
State bird: Western Meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta
State fish: Northern pike, Esox lucius
State horse: Nokota horse
State flower: Wild Prairie Rose, Rosa arkansana
State tree: American Elm, Ulmus americana
State fossil: Teredo Petrified wood
State grass: Western Wheatgrass, Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Löve
State nicknames: Roughrider State, Flickertail State, Peace Garden State
State mottos:
(Great Seal of North Dakota) Liberty and Union, Now and Forever, One and Inseparable
(Coat of Arms of North Dakota) Strength from the Soil
State slogan: Legendary
State song: North Dakota Hymn
State dance: Square Dance
State fruit: Chokecherry
State march: Flickertail March
State beverage: Milk
State art museum: North Dakota Museum of Art
State license plate: see the different types over time [1]

"The Flickertail State" is one of North Dakota's nicknames and is derived from Richardson's Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii), a very common animal in the region. The ground squirrel constantly flicks its tail in a distinctive manner. In 1953, legislation to make the ground squirrel the state emblem was voted down in the state legislature.[60]

Media

North Dakota's media markets are Fargo-Grand Forks, (121st largest nationally), making up the eastern half of the state, and Minot-Bismarck (158th), making up the western half of the state.[61] Prairie Public Television (PPTV) is a statewide public television network affiliated with PBS.

Broadcast television in North Dakota started on April 3, 1953, when KCJB-TV (now KXMC-TV) in Minot began broadcasting.[62] There are currently 28 analog broadcast stations and 18 digital channels broadcast over North Dakota.

The state's largest newspaper is The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead. Other weekly and monthly publications (most of which are fully supported by advertising) are also available. The most prominent of these is the alternative weekly High Plains Reader, which covers Fargo and Grand Forks.

Prairie Public is a statewide radio network affiliated with National Public Radio. The state's oldest radio station, WDAY-AM, was launched on May 23, 1922.[63] The Forum Communications owned station is still on the air, and currently broadcasts a news/talk format.

Notable North Dakotans

For a more comprehensive list, see List of people from North Dakota.

See also

Template:North Dakota portal

Main articles: Outline of North Dakota and Index of North Dakota-related articles

Further reading

  • Arends, Shirley Fischer. The Central Dakota Germans: Their History, Language, and Culture. (1989). 289 pp.
  • Berg, Francie M., ed. Ethnic Heritage in North Dakota. (1983). 174 pp.
  • Blackorby, Edward C. Prairie Rebel: The Public Life of William Lemke (1963), radical leader in 1930s online edition
  • Collins, Michael L. That Damned Cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and the American West, 1883–1898 (1989). Teddy was a rancher here in the 1880s
  • Cooper, Jerry and Smith, Glen. Citizens as Soldiers: A History of the North Dakota National Guard. (1986). 447 pp.
  • Crawford, Lewis F. History of North Dakota (3 vol 1931), excellent history in vol 1; biographies in vol. 2-3
  • Danbom, David B. "Our Purpose Is to Serve": The First Century of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. (1990). 237 pp.
  • Eisenberg, C. G. History of the First Dakota-District of the Evangelical-Lutheran Synod of Iowa and Other States. (1982). 268 pp.
  • Ginsburg, Faye D. Contested Lives: The Abortion Debate in an American Community. (1989). 315 pp. the issue in Fargo
  • Hargreaves, Mary W. M. Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains: Years of Readjustment, 1920–1990. (1993). 386 pp.
  • Howard, Thomas W., ed. The North Dakota Political Tradition. (1981). 220 pp.
  • Hudson, John C. Plains Country Towns. (1985). 189 pp. geographer studies small towns
  • Junker, Rozanne Enerson. The Bank of North Dakota: An Experiment in State Ownership. (1989). 185 pp.
  • Lamar, Howard R. Dakota Territory, 1861–1889: A Study of Frontier Politics (1956).
  • Lounsberry, Clement A. Early history of North Dakota (1919) excellent history by editor of Bismark Tribune; 645pp online edition
  • Lysengen, Janet Daley and Rathke, Ann M., eds. The Centennial Anthology of "North Dakota History: Journal of the Northern Plains." (1996). 526 pp. articles from state history journal covering all major topics in the state's history
  • Morlan, Robert L. Political Prairie Fire: The Nonpartisan League, 1915–1922. (1955). 414 pp. NPL comes to power briefly
  • Peirce, Neal R. The Great Plains States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Nine Great Plains States (1973) excerpt and text ssearch, chapter on North Dakota
  • Robinson, Elwyn B., D. Jerome Tweton, and David B. Danbom. History of North Dakota (2nd ed. 1995) standard history, by leading scholars; extensive bibliography
  • Schneider, Mary Jane. North Dakota Indians: An Introduction. (1986). 276 pp.
  • Sherman, William C. and Thorson, Playford V., eds. Plains Folk: North Dakota's Ethnic History. (1988). 419 pp.
  • Sherman, William C. Prairie Mosaic: An Ethnic Atlas of Rural North Dakota. (1983). 152 pp.
  • Smith, Glen H. Langer of North Dakota: A Study in Isolationism, 1940–1959. (1979). 238 pp. biography of influential conservative Senator
  • Snortland, J. Signe, ed. A Traveler's Companion to North Dakota State Historic Sites. (1996). 155 pp.
  • Stock, Catherine McNicol. Main Street in Crisis: The Great Depression and the Old Middle Class on the Northern Plains. (1992). 305pp. online edition
  • Tauxe, Caroline S. Farms, Mines and Main Streets: Uneven Development in a Dakota County. (1993). 276 pp. coal and grain in Mercer county
  • Tweton, D. Jerome and Jelliff, Theodore B. North Dakota: The Heritage of a People. (1976). 242 pp. textbook history
  • Wilkins, Robert P. and Wilkins, Wynona Hutchette. North Dakota: A Bicentennial History. (1977) 218 pp. popular history
  • Wishart, David J. Encyclopedia of the Great Plains (2004), many articles by scholars on many topics
  • Young, Carrie. Prairie Cooks: Glorified Rice, Three-Day Buns, and Other Reminiscences. (1993). 136 pp.

Primary sources

  • Benson, Bjorn; Hampsten, Elizabeth; and Sweney, Kathryn, eds. Day In, Day Out: Women's Lives in North Dakota. (1988). 326 pp.
  • Maximilian, Prince of Wied. Travels in the Interior of North America in the rears 1832 to 1834 (Vols. XXII-XXIV of "Early Western Travels, 1748–1846," ed. by Reuben Gold Thwaites; 1905–1906). Maximilian spent the winter of 1833–1834 at Fort Clark.
  • University of North Dakota, Bureau of Governmental Affairs, ed., A Compilation of North Dakota Political Party Platforms, 1884–1978. (1979). 388 pp.
  • WPA. North Dakota: A Guide to the Northern Prairie State (2nd ed. 1950), the classic guide online edition

References

  1. ^ a b c "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
  2. ^ North Dakota Century Code, CHAPTER 54-02-13
  3. ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". U.S Geological Survey. 29 April 2005. Retrieved November 7, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)
  4. ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/38000.html
  5. ^ "Audio Transcript of Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye 1738". The Atlas of Canada. 2003. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  6. ^ "North Dakota, US". ByRegion Network. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  7. ^ "North Dakota Historical Overview: Dakota Territory and Statehood (Northern Great Plains)". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  8. ^ "Enabling Act". Washington State Legislature. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  9. ^ "Coin of the Month". The United States Mint. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  10. ^ "North Dakota's Boundaries". North Dakota Geological Survey. 2002. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  11. ^ "Nonpartisan League in North Dakota Politics". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  12. ^ "North Dakota Timeline". WorldAtlas.com. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  13. ^ "North Dakota History: Overview and Summary". State Historical Society of North Dakota. 1999. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  14. ^ "North Dakota State Capitol Building & Grounds Virtual Tour Map". The Real North Dakota Project. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  15. ^ a b "North Dakota Historical Population". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  16. ^ a b c U. S. Census Bureau (2008-12-15). "Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for the United States, Regions and States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (NST-EST2008-04)" (CSV). Retrieved 2009-01-16.
  17. ^ "North Dakota QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  18. ^ "statecenters". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
  19. ^ "Leading Population Trends in North Dakota". North Dakota State University. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  20. ^ "Agenda 2003 - Saving North Dakota". The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead. 2002. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  21. ^ "The New Homestead Act of 2007". United States Senator Byron L. Dorgan. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  22. ^ "North Dakota — Selected Social Characteristics". U.S. Census Bureau. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  23. ^ "Most spoken languages in North Dakota". Modern Language Association. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  24. ^ "State Population Estimates by Selected Race Categories: July 1, 2005". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2006-11-26.
  25. ^ a b c "American Religious Identification Survey". Exhibit 15. The Graduate Center, City University of New York. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
  26. ^ a b "North Dakota Movers". US-Moving.com. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  27. ^ http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/38_2000.asp
  28. ^ http://www.newsroom.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/contact-us/usa-north-dakota
  29. ^ "Josh Duhamel". IMDb. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  30. ^ National Geographic Society (U. S.) (2009). National Geographic Kids Almanac 2010. National Geographic Books. p. 206. ISBN 142630501X. Retrieved 2009-09-04. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  31. ^ "North Dakota pow wow listing". Dakota/Lakota Singing. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  32. ^ "Fish Species". North Dakota Game and Fish Department. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  33. ^ "Economy of North Dakota". NetState. 2007-06-04. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  34. ^ "Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State". U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2006-10-26. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  35. ^ "Regional Economic Accounts". U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  36. ^ "United States and States — R2001. Median Household Income". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  37. ^ Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics
  38. ^ "North Dakota — DP-3. Profile of Selected Economic Characteristics:  2000". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
  39. ^ a b "Census of Agriculture, North Dakota State Profile" (PDF). U.S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
  40. ^ "Coal Powers Life in America — North Dakota". CARE — Coalition for Affordable and Reliable Energy. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  41. ^ "Things To Do In North Dakota". ThingsToDo.com. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  42. ^ Gunderson, Dan (2006-08-28). "North Dakota oil patch is booming". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved 2007-10-04. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  43. ^ Donovan, Lauren (2006-06-20). "North Dakota may be bigger oil player than Alaska". Bismarck Tribune. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  44. ^ "3 to 4.3 Billion Barrels of Technically Recoverable Oil Assessed in North Dakota and Montana's Bakken Formation—25 Times More Than 1995 Estimate". U.S. Geological Survey. April 10, 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  45. ^ "Earth Policy Reader". Retrieved 2009-02-25.
  46. ^ "FAQ: Individual Income Tax". Office of State Tax Commissioner, Tax Department, North Dakota. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
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  48. ^ "Sales and Use". Office of State Tax Commissioner, Tax Department, North Dakota. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  49. ^ "Grand Forks: Economy — Major Industries and Commercial Activity". City-Data.com. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
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  51. ^ a b http://www.taxfoundation.org/research/topic/48.html
  52. ^ IRS - Tax Stats at a Glance
  53. ^ "Dakota, Missouri Valleya and Western Railroad". Dakota, Missouri Valleya and Western Railroad. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
  54. ^ "About Us". Red River Valley and Western Railroad. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
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  57. ^ "District Courts". North Dakota Supreme Court. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
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  60. ^ S. D. Senate Bill No. 134.
  61. ^ "210 Designated Market Areas - 07-08". Nielsen Media. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
  62. ^ "North Dakota's First Television Station". Prairie Public. Retrieved 2007-10-06.
  63. ^ "First Stations in Each State". National Radio Club. Retrieved 2007-10-06.

 United States Template:Succession

47°30′N 100°30′W / 47.5°N 100.5°W / 47.5; -100.5

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