Haryanvi language
| Haryanvi | |
|---|---|
| हरियाणवी | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Haryana, Northern India, Pakistan |
Native speakers | ca. 30 million |
| Devanagari script, Nagari script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | inc |
| ISO 639-3 | bgc |
Haryanvi (Devanagari: हरियाणवी, also हरयाणवी) is the northernmost dialect of the Hindi language. It is most widely spoken in the North Indian state of Haryana, and also in Delhi, particularly by Jats and Rors. According to linguistic research, Haryanvi has 65% lexical similarity with the Bagri language.[1]
Geographical distribution
Haryanvi is exclusively spoken in more than 60% of the districts of Haryana. The districts adjoining Rajasthan speak different Haryanvi tongues with a Rajasthani touch like Mewati in Mewat district, Ahirwati in Mahendragarh and Rewari districts, Bagri (which could as well be termed a Haryanvi dialect as a result of high lexical similarity) in Fatehabad, Bhiwani, Sirsa and Hisar districts. Haryanvi mixed with Braj bhasha is spoken in Faridabad district and Gurgaon.
Urdu was widely spoken by the Muslim population in Gurgaon district before partition but they have since migrated to Pakistan. The Muslim populations that left Haryana at the time of partition still speak Ranghari (language of Ranghars), which is a known dialect of Haryanvi, in Pakistan.
Dialects
Haryanvi has various dialects. Haryanvi dialects have lots of variation and sometimes it varies from village to village which may be just a few kilometers apart. Bangaru, also known as Jatu (literally, language of Jats), is most widely spoken followed by the Haryanvi spoken in the Khāddar areas close to Yamuna, which is akin to Khariboli and is spoken by Rors. Haryanvi belongs to the Western Hindi family of languages. It is usually understood to be a dialect of Hindi and not a separate language. A few dialects of Haryanvi have many similarities with Khariboli, the prestige dialect of Hindi but several other dialects are quite dissimilar.
Literature
The Haryanvi literature is almost insignificant, since most Haryanvi literary figures write in Standard Hindi, but there are a lot of folk songs available.
Haryanvi has a very rich culture in terms of folk songs that are called Raginis and folk dramas, known by the name of Swaang. It is a very humorous tongue and the people of Haryana usually joke a lot and get misunderstood by people from other parts of India in this process[citation needed]. Surender Sharma is a very famous satirist, who initially told all his jokes in pure Haryanvi and most of his jokes have their origin in the rural culture of Haryana.
History
The so-called Aryans were not foreigners but ancient Haryanvis. Haryanvi language provided the basic foundation to Sanskrit and various other Indian languages like Marathi, which still uses a lot of Haryanvi words in a Sanskritized form[citation needed]. Examples being words like Haryanvi "Kaadh" (take out) being used as "Kaadha", "Kaadhaveet" and various other examples like "Thaamba" (Haryanvi "Thaam" (stop)). Subsequently, when the Turkish and Persian intruders came to India in the last one thousand years, they developed modern Hindi language with combination of Persian on the foundation of Haryanvi language. Haryanvi language provided foundation to many Indian languages like Kannauji, Rajathani, Bundeli etc. Haryanvi language still sustains itself with very minor influence of the languages of foreign arrivals. Haryanvi language might also be the originating point for many European languages. Many deep-rooted words are still similar in Haryanvi and Finnish language like Panna (to wear), Pallela (Cold), Olla (to be), Minu (to me), Tinu (to you), Me (We), Te (you) etc., even though the Finnish language is, like Magyar, an Ugric language. The precursor of many European languages Latin shares a few things with Haryanvi like the root "ver", from which follow verify and verification etc., the ancestral word for which seems to be the Haryanvi "bera", which is used in the sentence "manne naa bera" (I don't know or can not verify). The English word "wait" and Haryanvi "baat" are related to each other as is shown by the sentence "teri baat dekhun thaa" (was waiting for you). The same word shows up in Marathi as "waat", where it means "way" as is seen in the name "Akkiwaat" (a village name meaning accessible by only one way). And in Haryanvi one can also say "was waiting for you" by saying "teri raah (Marathi "waat") dekhun tha".
Citing one interesting case of the English word "near". In parts of Haryana, the root "ner" is used for example, "ner-iyo hai" (it is nearby). Interestingly, same Haryanvi root also influenced Awadhi language as seen by a sentence in Ramcharitmanas. That sentence in Kishkindha Kaand says "Rishyamook parvat near-aaya" (the Mount Rishyamook came near). Once again this example highlights the interaction of Haryanvi in two opposite directions. Similarities between Haryanvi and Finnish and Haryanvi and Latin languages show some old relationship between these languages, just like there are archaic similarities between other languages in South Asia with the Classical European languages of the past. The similarities between Haryanvi and Finnish are not purely coincidental, as even though Finnish is not an Indo-European language like Haryanvi, Bengali, Sinhalese, or Oriya, Finnish developed through a late Ugric superimposition over an ancestral Indo-European base. However, there is no evidence of any historical link between India and Europe except the arrival of Aryans in Europe from Haryana in 2500 BC.
See also
References
External links
- There is a big collection of haryanavi songs, raagni and video
- Haryanavi Dictionary. First comprehensive Haryanvi language dictionary - Jatland.com
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