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Richmond, Indiana

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City of Richmond, Indiana
City
Location in the state of Indiana
Location in the state of Indiana
CountryUnited States
StateIndiana
CountyWayne
TownshipBoston, Center, Wayne
Government
 • MayorSarah L. "Sally" Hutton (D)
Area
 • Total
23.3 sq mi (60.3 km2)
 • Land23.2 sq mi (60.1 km2)
 • Water0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2)
Elevation
981 ft (299 m)
Population
 (2000)
 • Total
39,124
 • Density1,686/sq mi (650.8/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
47374-47375
Area code765
FIPS code18-64260Template:GR
GNIS feature ID0441976Template:GR
Websitehttp://www.richmondindiana.gov

Richmond (Template:PronEng) is a city largely within Wayne Township, Wayne County, in east central Indiana, which borders Ohio. The city also includes the Richmond Municipal Airport, which is in Boston Township and separated from the rest of the city. It is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because some early jazz records were made here at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company.[1]

Richmond is the county seat of Wayne County. The city's 2000 population was 39,124. In the 1990s, Richmond's population declined by 1.6 percent.[2] Like many cities that formerly depended on manufacturing, Richmond is having to create a new economy. Its rich architectural heritage and Main Street attest to a strong base. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in a youth-initiated 2009 effort.

Geography

Richmond is located at 39°49′49″N 84°53′26″W / 39.830189°N 84.890668°W / 39.830189; -84.890668.Template:GR

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 23.3 square miles (60.3 km²), of which, 23.2 square miles (60.1 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km²) of it (0.26%) is water.

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 39,124 people, 16,287 households, and 9,918 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,685.3 people per square mile (650.8/km²). There were 17,647 housing units at an average density of 760.2/sq mi (293.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.78% White, 8.87% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.09% from other races, and 2.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.03% of the population.

Richmond lies on the flat lands of eastern Indiana.
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18402,070—
18501,443−30.3%
18606,608357.9%
18709,44542.9%
188012,74234.9%
189016,60830.3%
190018,2269.7%
191022,82425.2%
192026,76517.3%
193032,49321.4%
194035,1478.2%
195039,53912.5%
196044,14911.7%
197043,999−0.3%
198041,349−6.0%
199038,705−6.4%
200039,1241.1%
Source: US Census Bureau

There were 16,287 households out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,210, and the median income for a family was $38,346. Males had a median income of $30,849 versus $21,164 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,096. About 12.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

According to an estimate released in 2009 by the United States Census Bureau, Wayne County, of which Richmond is the county seat, had a relatively high population of divorced residents: 19.2 percent. Among 54,810 native-born residents 19.4 percent were divorced, and among 550 foreign-born residents none were divorced. Among Whites, 18.7 percent were divorced, while 11.6 percent of Blacks or African Americans were divorced. The age category with the highest percentage of divorced person was 45-54. (males: 35 percent; females 33.5 percent). Among males and females aged 15–19, the percent divorced was zero.[3]

History

For almost 100 years retarded babies crawled through the sewers of what was going to be Richmond, Indiana only find that their parents had been taken over by an evil cat named George.

After an epic battle between an executive fight "Mimmeh" (which was the best warrior the retarded babies had) and George, Mimmeh won the battle and peace restored. Unfortunatly, the parents died, but atleast the babies had food. Their parents.

After that the babies established a city of horrid things.

KKK

In the 1920s during the national revival of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), Indiana had the strongest organization in the country, led by Grand Dragons D. C. Stephenson and Walter F. Bossert. Some men initially joined the KKK as a fraternal organization, as that was how it was marketed. In addition, they were banding together in reaction to the influx of newcomers arriving for industrial jobs: especially Catholic immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, and rural black migrants from the South. The KKK had members in the state legislature who exerted control and an ally in Governor Ed Jackson.[4] At its height, national membership during the second Klan movement reached 1.5 million, with 300,000 from Indiana.[5]

Records show that Richmond (home to Whitewater Klan #60) and Wayne County were Klan strongholds, with up to 45 percent of the county's white males having been Klan members. Forty percent of Richmond's Kiwanis club members, thirty percent of its doctors, and 27 percent of its lawyers were Klan members, but none of the city's bank executives or most powerful business leaders were members.[5][6] In 1923 a reported 30,000 people watched a Klan parade through Richmond streets.[7] Richmondite Robert Lyons was national chief of staff for the Klan.[8]

Gennett Records was making some of the first recordings of important black jazz artists, helping Richmond gain the nickname "cradle of recorded jazz."[9] Given the social demographics, it also produced private-label contract recordings for the KKK.[10] Official racial segregation existed in Richmond until 1965, when the city ended its policy of restricting black firefighters to one station and limiting promotion opportunities of firefighters and police officers. That same year the state of Indiana repealed its standing (but seldom enforced) anti-miscegenation law.

20th century challenges

On April 6, 1968, a natural gas explosion and fire destroyed or damaged several downtown blocks and killed 41 people; more than 150 were injured.[11]The book Death in a Sunny Street is about the event.

In the rebuilding effort, the city closed the main street through downtown to traffic and built the Downtown Promenade in 1972 (expanded in 1978). When studies showed that car traffic helped businesses, the city had the five-block pedestrian mall broken up. It reopened the street to traffic in 1997 as part of an urban revitalization effort.

A Powerball lottery ticket sold in Richmond won approximately $314 million (annuity value) in the August 25, 2007 drawing. This exceeded a previous high prize in 1998, when a group of 13 machine-shop workers from Ohio won Powerball on a ticket also purchased in Richmond. It won $295.7 million (annuity). The two tickets were sold at two different Speedway convenience stores about three miles (5 km) apart; both sets of winners chose the cash option.

Architecture

Wayne County Court House

Richmond is noted for its rich stock of historic architecture. In 2003, a book entitled Richmond Indiana: Its Physical Development and Aesthetic Heritage to 1920 by Cornell University architectural historians, Michael and Mary Raddant Tomlan, was published by the Indiana Historical Society. Particularly notable buildings are the 1902 Pennsylvania Railroad Station designed by Daniel Burnham of Chicago and the 1893 Wayne County Court House designed by James W. McLaughlin of Cincinnati. Local architects of note include John A. Hasecoster, William S. Kaufman and Stephen O. Yates.

The significance of the architecture has been recognized. Five large districts, such as the Depot District, and several individual buildings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the Historic American Buildings Survey and the Historic American Engineering Record.

Educational institutions

Religious groups

Transportation

Richmond is served by Interstate 70 at exits 149, 151, 153, and 156.

Media

The daily newspaper is the Gannett-owned Palladium-Item.

Full-power radio stations include WKBV, WFMG, WQLK, WHON, WKRT, and Earlham College's student-run public radio station WECI. Richmond is also served by several translator stations repeated from WCDR on 95.3 and 90.7 and WJYW which is repeated on 94.5 and 97.7. Area NPR radio stations include WBSH in Hagerstown and WMUB in Oxford, OH.

Richmond is considered to be within the Dayton, Ohio television market and has one full-power television station, WKOI, which is affiliated with TBN. The city also has one county-wide PEG access cable television station, Whitewater Community Television.[12]

Points of interest

Hicksite Friends Meeting House, 1150 North A Street, Richmond, Indiana, now houses the Wayne County Historical Museum.

Notable Richmondites

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Sister cities

Notes

  1. ^ Starr Gennett Foundation, http://starrgennett.org/, URL accessed May 29, 2006.
  2. ^ Richmond, Indiana (IN) Detailed Profile - relocation, real estate, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, news, sex offenders
  3. ^ Wayne County, Indiana S1201. Marital Status; United States Census Bureau http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-state=st&-context=st&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S1201&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-tree_id=308&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=05000US18177&-format=&-_lang=en, URL accessed September 23, 2009.
  4. ^ [http://www.statelib.lib.in.us/www/isl/indiana/Klan.html "Ku Klux Klan Resources", Indiana Division, Indiana State Library, URL accessed May 30, 2006
  5. ^ a b "Ku Klux Klan", Wayne County, Indiana Records, 1916–1933, Indiana History, URL accessed May 29, 2006
  6. ^ Leonard J. Moore, Citizen Klansmen: The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928, North Carolina Press, 1997.
  7. ^ "Spectacular array presented by Klan in mamoth [sic] parade", Richmond Evening Item, Oct. 6, 192, pp. 1, 2
  8. ^ "Klan issue in Democrat race for president", Richmond Evening Item, May 14, 1924, p. 1.
  9. ^ "How the Early Jazz Captured by Gennett Influenced the Shape of Things to Come", http://starrgennett.org/stories/articles/way_station.htm, URL accessed May 29, 2006.
  10. ^ Gennett Numerical Series, http://www.vjm.biz/new_page_6.htm, URL accesses May 29, 1006,
  11. ^ [http://gates.mrl.lib.in.us:8080/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/fulltext&CISOPTR=1981&REC=1 Death in a Sunny Street : The Civil Defense Story of the Richmond, Indiana Disaster, April 6, 1968, URL accessed May 29, 2006.
  12. ^ Whitewater Community Television home page.
  13. ^ Polly Bergen, http://www.meredy.com/pollybergen/, URL accessed May 30, 2006.
  14. ^ Clark Bradley, http://sports.espn.go.com/prorodeo/features/bio?page=g_bio_PRCA_Bradley_CR, URL accessed October 28, 2006.
  15. ^ Really Good Music: Al Cobine, http://www.reallygoodmusic.com/rgm.jsp?page=composers2&compid=123140, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  16. ^ Space Age Pop Music: George Duning, http://www.spaceagepop.com/duning.htm, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  17. ^ Weeb Ewbank, http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.jsp?player_id=65, URL accessed May 30, 2006.
  18. ^ FindAGrave: Norman Foster, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11777752&pt=%3Cb%3ENorman%3C/b%3E%20Foster, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  19. ^ FindAGrave: Harry Frankel, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10193921, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  20. ^ Jazz at Newport 2006, http://www.jazzatnewport.org/home.cfm?dir_cat=47265, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  21. ^ Mendel Medal recipient: Charles A. Hufnagel, http://astro4.ast.vill.edu/mendel/hufnagel.htm, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  22. ^ Harold Jones' web site, http://www.haroldjonesbigband.com/, URL accessed May 30, 2006.
  23. ^ Harry Keenan, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0444645/, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  24. ^ Esther A. Kellner (1908-1998), http://www.mrlinfo.org/history/biography/kellner.htm, URL accessed May 29, 2006.
  25. ^ Wheaton College Special Collections, http://www.wheaton.edu/learnres/ARCSC/collects/sc38/bio.htm, 2006.
  26. ^ Naples Illustrated, Past Lives, http://www.naplesillustrated.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_article&whicharticle=112, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  27. ^ Kenneth MacDonald, http://www.surfnetinc.com/chuck/villan27.htm, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  28. ^ Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton, http://www.civilwarhome.com/mortonbio.htm, URL accessed May 30, 2006.
  29. ^ Official Ned Rorem Website, http://www.nedrorem.com/, URL accessed May 30, 2006.
  30. ^ Uncrowned Queens: L. Lena Sawyer, http://www.buffalo.edu/uncrownedqueens/files_2004/sawner_lena.htm, URL accessed May 29, 3006.
  31. ^ American Sportscasters Hall of Fame Inductee, http://www.americansportscasters.com/schenkel.html, URL accessed September 9, 2006.
  32. ^ Wendell M. Stanley, http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1946/stanley-bio.html, URL accessed May 30, 2006.
  33. ^ D. Elton Trueblood, http://www.waynet.org/people/biography/trueblood.htm, URL accessed May 30, 2006.
  34. ^ Carol Lou Trio, http://carolloutrio.pbwiki.com/, URL accessed January 20, 2008.
  35. ^ "The Wright Brother", URL accessed May 30, 2006

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