Syzygium cumini
| Jambul | |
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| Jambul (Syzygium cumini) | |
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| Species: | S. cumini
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| Binomial name | |
| Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.
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Jambul (Syzygium cumini) is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae, native to Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Indonesia. It is also known as Jaam/Kalojaam, Jamun, Nerale Hannu, Njaval,Neredupandu, Jamblang, Jambolan, Jambula, Black Plum, Damson Plum, Duhat Plum, Jambolan Plum, Java Plum or Portuguese Plum. "Malabar plum" may also refer to other species of Syzygium.
It is also grown in other areas of southern and southeastern Asia including the Philippines, Myanmar, and Afghanistan. The tree was also introduced to Florida, USA in 1911 by the USDA, and is also now commonly grown in Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. In Brazil, where it was introduced from India during Portuguese colonization, it has dispersed spontaneously in the wild in some places, as its fruits are eagerly sought by various native birds such as thrushes, tanagers and the Great Kiskadee. Scientific synonyms include Syzygium jambolanum, Eugenia cumini and Eugenia jambolana.
A fairly fast growing species, it can reach heights of up to 30 m and can live more than 100 years. Its dense foliage provides shade and is grown just for its ornamental value. The wood is strong and is water resistant. Because of this it is used in railway sleepers and to install motors in wells. It is sometimes used to make cheap furniture and village dwellings though it is relatively hard to work on.
Jamun trees start flowering from March to April. The flowers of Jamun are fragrant and small, about 5 mm in diameter. The fruits develop by May or June and resemble large berries. The fruit is oblong, ovoid, starts green and turns pink to shining crimson black as it matures. A variant of the tree produces white coloured fruit. The fruit has a combination of sweet, mildly sour and astringent flavour and tends to colour the tongue purple. The seed is also used in various alternative healing systems like Ayurveda (to control diabetes, for example[1].), Unani and Chinese medicine for digestive ailments. The leaves and bark are used for controlling blood pressure and gingivitis. Wine and vinegar are also made from the fruit. It has a high source in vitamin A and vitamin C.
Jambul has been spread overseas from India by Indian emigrants and at present is common in former tropical British colonies.[2]
Nutrients and Phytochemicals
| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Energy | 251 kJ (60 kcal) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15.56 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0.23 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0.72 g | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Other constituents | Quantity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Water | 83.13 g | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[3] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Religious Significance
According to Hindu tradition, Rama subsisted on the fruit in the forest for 14 years during his exile from Ayodhya[citation needed]. Because of this, many Hindus regard Jambul as a 'fruit of the gods,' especially in Gujarat, India, where it is known locally as jamboon.
Lord Krishna has been described as having skin the color of Jamun. In Hindu mythology several protagonists have been described as having the color of jamun[citation needed].
In Maharashtra Culture
In Maharashtra, jambhul [jamun known as jambhul in (marathi)Maharashtra]leaves is use as marriage pendals . There is a famous song in Marathi,'jambhul piklya zada khali dhol kunacha waji' which means "under the full fruity jamun tree dhol (drum) is beaten in joy". This song is pictured on the famous Indian star 'Smita Patil'.
Ancient Tamil Culture
Auvaiyar (Tamil: ஔவையார்)(also Auvayar), one of the most prominent poets of Sangam (Tamil literature) periods, while resting under Naaval Pazham (Njaval fruit) tree and pondering over her retirement from Tamil literary work, she was awakened by a supernatural power (Lord Murugan) to make her realize that more work is needed. Following this awakening, Auvaiyar is believed to have taken her work to children for their education.
Trivia
 | This article contains a list of miscellaneous information. (April 2009) |
1.Jamun is so exclusive to the Indian Sub-continent and so widespread across the Indian Sub-continent that one of the old names of India (or the Indian region) is called Jambu-Dvipa (literally, Island of Jamun fruit).
2.Sometimes the name 'Jamun' is wrongly translated as 'blackberry'. Blackberry is a different fruit and should not be confused with Jamun.
References
- ^ [1] Article in The Hindu, retrieved June 23, 2007
- ^ Syzygium cumini
- ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). "Chapter 4: Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". In Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). pp. 120–121. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Retrieved 2024-12-05.