Soekarno–Hatta International Airport

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport

Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport; Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta
	File:LogoSHIA.png
	IATA: CGK; ICAO: WIII;
Summary
Airport type	Public
Operator	PT Angkasa Pura II
Location	Tangerang
Hub for	Batavia Air; Cardig Air; Garuda Indonesia; Indonesia AirAsia; Kartika Airlines; Lion Air; Mandala Airlines; Merpati Nusantara Airlines; Republic Express Airlines; Sriwijaya Air; Wings Air;
Elevation AMSL	32 ft / 10 m
Website	[2]
Runways

06°07′32″S 106°39′21″E / 6.12556°S 106.65583°E / -6.12556; 106.65583

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (Template:Lang-id) (IATA: CGK, ICAO: WIII) is the main airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the island of Java, Indonesia. The airport is named after the first President of Indonesia, Soekarno, and the first vice-president, Mohammad Hatta. The airport is often called Cengkareng by Indonesians. The airport's IATA code, CGK, originates from the name of the Cengkareng locality, a district situated to the northwest of the city.

Located about 20 km west of Jakarta, in Tangerang, Banten, Soekarno–Hatta airport began to operate in 1985, replacing the former Kemayoran Airport (domestic flights) in Central Jakarta, and Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in East Jakarta. Kemayoran Airport has since closed. Halim Perdanakusuma is still operating, serving mostly charters and military flights. Terminal 2 was opened in 1992.

The land area of the airport is 18 km². It has two independent parallel runways separated 2,400 m connected by two cross taxiways. There are three main terminal buildings: Terminal 1 is for all domestic flights. Terminal 2 serves all international flights as well as all domestic flights. Terminal 3 Pier 1 is for domestic flights.

Terminal 1 and 2 are separated into 3 sub-terminals. Terminal 1A, 1B, and 1C are used for domestic flights by Indonesian airlines. Terminal 2D and 2E is for international flights. Terminal 2F is for domestic flights for Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines.

Terminal 2D is for all international airlines served by PT Jasa Angkasa Semesta, one of the ground handlers in the airport. Terminal 2E and 2F are for all international airlines served by PT Gapura Angkasa.

Terminal 3 Pier 1 was opened in 2009. The whole Terminal 3 is expected with 5 piers and finished in 2020. Now Terminal 3 Pier 1 is for flights operated by AirAsia and Mandala Airlines.

The airport was designed by Paul Andreu, a French architect who also designed Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. One of the major characteristics of Soekarno–Hatta airport is the incorporation of the local vernacular architecture into the design, and the presence of tropical gardens in between the waiting lounges. However, Soekarno–Hatta International Airport was noted for its beautiful landscaping: the airport was awarded the 1995 Aga Khan Award for Architecture.^[1]

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport has 150 check-in counters, 30 baggage carousels and 42 gates. Each sub-terminal has 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carrousels and 7 gates.

Angkasa Pura II is currently planning to build a new terminal with modern design features. Terminal 3 is being built for low-cost airlines, and already serves hajj flights and transnational migrant laborers.^[2] There is a masterplan to make 5 passenger terminals + 1 hajj terminal and 4 runways. In 2009 the airport will be connected to Manggarai Station (future Jakarta central station) by a railway. To finance the expansion, the airport is collecting an Airport Tax of IDR 150,000 (approx $12 USD) for each international passenger and IDR 40,000 for each domestic passenger.

In May 2008, ForbesTraveller.com recognized Soekarno–Hatta International Airport as the 6th most punctual airport in the world with 86.3% of its flights departing on time, while 72.3% arriving ontime.^[3] In December 2009, ForbesTraveller.com recognized Soekarno–Hatta International Airport as the 2nd most punctual airport in the world with 89.2% of its flights departing on time, while 84.2% arriving ontime.^[4]

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport was the 35th busiest airport in 2004-2006, according to Airliners World magazine. As of 2009, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport was the 23rd busiest airport in the world in terms of passenger traffic.

History

Between 1928–1974, the Kemayoran Airfield intended for domestic flights was considered too close to an Indonesian military airfield, Halim Perdanakusuma. The civil airspace in the area became narrow, while air traffic increased rapidly, which risked international air traffic. In 1969, a Senior Communication Officers meeting in Bangkok expressed this concern.

In the early 1970s, with the help of USAID, eight potential locations were analyzed for a new international airport, namely Kemayoran, Malaka, Babakan, Jonggol, Halim, Curug, South Tangerang and North Tangerang. Finally, the North Tangerang airspace was chosen and it was also noted that Jonggol could be used as an alternative airfield. Meanwhile the Indonesian government started to upgrade the Halim Perdanakusumah airfield to be used for domestic flights.

Between 1974–1975, a Canadian consultant consortium consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on 20 February 1974 with a total cost of 1 million Canadian dollars. The one-year project proceed with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, a perforated road, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975–1981 with a cost of US$ 465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982–1985 with a cost of US$ 126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng (code: JIA-C), began.^[5]

Project Phases

1975 – 1977
- To dispense the land and also set up the province border was time needed. Schiphol airport (Amsterdam) was asked for opinion which according to them is rather expensive and over design. The cost raised up high because of using decentralization system. The Centralization system was a suitable one.
- The Team decided on a decentralization system like the one used at Orly West Airfield, Lyon Satolas,, Langen-Hagen-Hanover and Kansas City Airport module system was adopted because it is simple and effective.
12 November 1976
- The building project tender was won by the French Aeroport de Paris.
18 May 1977
- The Final contract design was agreed on by the Indonesian Government and Aeroport de Paris with a fixed cost of about 22,323,203 French francs and Rp. 177,156,000 equivalent to 2,100,000 francs. The work was scheduled to take 18 months. The government appointed PT. Konavi as the local partner.
- The result was:
  - 2 inline runways including taxiways
  - Perforate roads: 1 at the east, another at the west for airport services. The west was closed to public use.
  - 3 terminals which can accommodate 3 million passengers per year.
  - 1 module for international flights and 2 for domestic.
  - An Airport inside a garden was selected as an image.
20 May 1980
- A four year contract was signed. Sainraptet Brice, SAE, Colas together with PT. Waskita Karya as the developer. Ir. Karno Barkah MSc. was appointed the JIA-C Project Director, responsible for the airport's construction.^[6]
1 December 1980
- The Indonesian government signed a contract for Rp. 384,8 billion with developers. The structure cost would be: Rp. 140,450,513,000 from APBN (national budget), 1,223,457 francs donated by France and US$ 15,898,251 from the USA.
1 December 1984
- The airport structure was complete.
1 May 1985
- The second terminal was started and launched on 11 May 1992.

Phases of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Project

Phase	Year	Description
Phase 1	1985	Built Terminal 1 that can handle 9 million passengers per annum
Phase 2	1992	Built Terminal 2 that can handle 18 million passengers per annum
Phase 3	2008	Built Terminal 3 phase 1 that can handle 22 million passengers per annum
Phase 3	Not fixed	Fully built Terminal 3 that can handle 38 million passengers per annum
Phase 4	2020-	To build Terminal 4

Volume of Passengers

File:Terminal3 SHIA 2.jpg

Boarding Room at Terminal 3

This table was based on data from the Airport Council International organization. These statistics are from the movements of passengers, freight and aircraft in CGK.^[7]

Year	Passenger Movements	Air-freight (tons)	Aircraft Movements
2001	11,818,047	281,765	123,540
2002	14,830,994	306,252	144,765
2003	19,702,902	310,131	186,695
2004	26,083,267	322,582	233,501
2005	27,947,482	336,113	241,846
2006	30,863,806	384,050	250,303
2007	32,458,946	473,593	248,482
2008	32,172,114	465,799	248,482
2009	36,466,823

Terminals

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the first terminal of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. It was finished on 1985. It is located on the opposite of Terminal 2 which is on the south site. It operates domestic flights except Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines as they operate their domestic flights in Terminal 2. This terminal has 3 sub-terminal. Each sub-terminal has 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates. It has the capacity of handling 9 million passengers per annum. The gates in Terminal 1 has alphabet prefix of A, B and C. The gates are A1-A7, B1-B7 and C1-C7.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is the second terminal of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. It was finished on 1992. It is located on the opposite of Terminal 1 which is on the north site. It operates international flights as well as domestic flights of Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines only. Terminal 2 has 3 sub-terminals. Each sub-terminal has 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates. It has the capacity of handling 9 million passengers per annum. The gates in Terminal 2 has alphabet prefix of D, E and F. The gates are D1-D7, E1-E7 and F1-F7.

Terminal 3

File:Terminal3 SHIA 1.jpg

The newly built Terminal 3 1st floor

The first phase of terminal 3, comprising of the first of the planned 5 piers, was opened in April 15, 2009. The terminal adopts a different design from terminals 1 and 2, using an eco-friendy and modern concept (see rendering here). It currently houses two low cost carriers, Mandala Airlines and Indonesia AirAsia for their domestic flights.

Each of the planned 5 piers will have a capacity of 4 million passengers per year.^[8] Terminal 3 is expected to expand the capacity of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, from 18 million passengers per annum, to 38 million.

In the newest masterplan, the airport will have 2 phases of development. Phase 1 development is to build the Terminal 3 and lengthen Runway 2 to 4,000 m. Phase 2 development is to build Terminal 4 and the third runway (4,000 m). A new elevated train that will connect the airport to the city is also included in the phase 1 development ^[9].

Terminal 4

Terminal 4 is on the opposite of Terminal 3. It is on the east side of Terminal 1 which is still on the south site. It will be on phase 4 or Phase 2 Development.

Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate from (Jakarta) Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (as of June 2010):

Passenger Terminal

Airlines	Destinations	Terminal
Air Asia	Kuala Lumpur	2
Air China	Beijing-Capital, Xiamen	2
Batavia Air	Ambon, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Bandar Lampung, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bengkulu, Berau, Denpasar/Bali, Gorontalo, Jambi, Jayapura, Kendari, Kupang, Luwuk, Manado, Manokwari, Makassar, Malang, Mataram, Medan, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Palu, Pangkalpinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Surabaya, Tarakan, Ternate, Yogyakarta	1
Batavia Air	Guangzhou, Jeddah, Riyadh, Singapore	2
Cathay Pacific Airways	Hong Kong	2
Cebu Pacific	Manila	2
China Airlines	Hong Kong, Taipei-Taoyuan	2
China Southern Airlines	Guangzhou	2
Emirates	Dubai	2
Etihad Airways	Abu Dhabi	2
EVA Air	Taipei-Taoyuan	2
Garuda Indonesia	Amsterdam, Ambon, Balikpapan, Bandar Aceh, Bandar Lampung (Tanjung Karang), Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Banjarmasin, Batam, Beijing-Capital, Biak, Dammam, Denpasar/Bali, Dubai, Doha, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jambi, Jayapura, Jeddah, Kendari, Kuala Lumpur, Kupang, Makassar, Malang, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Melbourne, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Palu [resumes 1 July], Pangkalpinang, Pekanbaru, Perth, Pontianak, Riyadh, Semarang, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Solo, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Ternate, Timika, Tokyo-Narita, Yogyakarta	2
Garuda Indonesia operated by Citilink	Balikpapan, Denpasar/Bali, Medan^[10], Surabaya	1
Indonesia AirAsia	Denpasar/Bali, Medan, Pekanbaru, Surabaya, Yogyakarta	3
Indonesia AirAsia	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Ho Chi Minh City, Johor Bahru, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Singapore	2
Japan Airlines	Tokyo-Narita	2
Jetstar Airways	Perth, Singapore	2
Jetstar Asia Airways operated by Valuair	Singapore	2
Kartika Airlines	Batam, Makassar, Manado, Medan, Palembang, Pangkal Pinang, Ternate	1
KLM	Amsterdam, Kuala Lumpur	2
Korean Air	Seoul-Incheon	2
Kuwait Airways	Kuwait, Kuala Lumpur	2
Lion Air	Ambon, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bau Bau, Bengkulu, Bima, Denpasar/Bali, Gorontalo, Jambi, Kaimana, Kendari, Kupang, Makassar, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Nabire, Padang, Palu, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Sorong, Sumbawa, Surabaya, Tahuna, Tarakan, Tual, Yogyakarta	1
Lion Air	Ho Chi Minh City, Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur, Riyadh, Singapore	2
Lufthansa	Frankfurt, Singapore	2
Mahan Air	Tehran-Imam Khomeini	2
Malaysia Airlines	Kuala Lumpur	2
Mandala Airlines	Balikpapan, Batam, Bengkulu, Denpasar/Bali, Jambi, Medan, Padang, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Surabaya, Yogyakarta	3
Mandala Airlines	Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore [begins 25 June]	2
Merpati Nusantara Airlines	Bandar Lampung, Biak, Denpasar/Bali, Jayapura, Dili, Kupang, Makassar, Merauke, Surabaya, Timika	2
Philippine Airlines	Manila, Singapore	2
Qatar Airways	Doha	2
Qantas Airways	Sydney	2
Riau Airlines	Pekanbaru, Tanjung Pinang	1
Royal Brunei Airlines	Bandar Seri Begawan	2
Saudi Arabian Airlines	Jeddah, Riyadh, Singapore	2
Shenzhen Airlines	Nanning	2
Singapore Airlines	Denpasar, Singapore	2
Sriwijaya Air	Ambon, Balikpapan, Banda Aceh, Bandar Lampung, Banjarmasin, Batam, Bengkulu, Denpasar/Bali, Gorontalo, Jambi, Kendari, Kupang, Makassar, Malang, Manado, Medan, Padang, Palangkaraya, Palembang, Palu, Pangkal Pinang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Semarang, Solo, Surabaya, Tanjung Pandan, Tanjung Pinang, Tarakan, Ternate	1
Sriwijaya Air	Singapore	2
Thai AirAsia	Phuket	2
Thai Airways International	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi	2
Tiger Airways	Singapore	2
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul-Atatürk, Singapore	2
Wings Air	Denpasar/Bali, Fak Fak, Luwuk, Manado, Mataram, Medan, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Sorong, Surabaya, Ternate, Solo, Yogyakarta	1
Xpressair	Makassar, Manokwari, Sorong	1
Yemenia	Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Sana'a	2

Freight Terminal

Airlines	Destinations
Cardig Air	Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong, Makassar, Manado, Padang, Singapore^[11]
Cathay Pacific Cargo	Hong Kong
China Airlines Cargo	Taipei-Taoyuan
EVA Air Cargo	Dubai, Singapore, Taipei Taoyuan
FedEx Express	Guangzhou, Singapore, Subic Bay
JAL Cargo	Tokyo-Narita
KLM Cargo	Amsterdam
Korean Air Cargo	Seoul-Incheon
MASkargo	Kuala Lumpur
Republic Express Airlines	Kuala Lumpur, Surabaya, Balikpapan, Makassar, Singapore, Surakarta
Transmile Air Services	Kuala Lumpur
Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines	Batam, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore

Airport Facilities

The airport was designed to resemble the traditional Javanese house called Rumah Joglo and it was combined with a beautifully maintained garden located in every boarding area inside the airport.

Lounges

There are four first and business Lounges at the Transit Lounge in the departure area. Jasa Angkasa Semesta (JAS) Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Cathay Pacific, Qantas, Lufthansa, Eva Air, Saudi Arabian Airlines and Singapore Airlines.

Pura Indah Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Singapore Airlines, KLM, Malaysia Airlines, Cathay Pacific and China Airlines.

The new Garuda Indonesia lounge is available for GA's business class passengers only, as well as GECC cardholder. This lounge is the most comprehensive lounge facility at the airport, including meeting room, shower facilities, quiet room and many more.

Ground Transportation

Inter-terminal transportation

Soekarno–Hatta International Airport provides free shuttle bus which connects Terminal 1, 2 and 3 and the planed of soetta sky train

Bus

Currently a DAMRI Shuttle Bus route links CGK to Rawamangun, Blok M, Gambir Station, Bekasi, Depok, Lebak Bulus, Tanjung Priok, Kemayoran, Kampung Rambutan, Pasar Minggu, Serang, Merak, Cikarang and Bogor.^[12] Primajasa now also serves Bandung-Soekarno Hatta Airport.

Car

Depending on traffic, Soekarno–Hatta is a 30 minutes drive away from Jakarta's city center via Soedyatmo Expressway. CGK provides parking lots, however passengers should note that these parking lots are often filled beyond its capacity.^[13]

Taxi and Limousine

Taxis are provided and is about 30 to 45 minutes into center city Jakarta. Car rental is available, too.

Rail

PT RaiLink, subsidiary of PT KA plans to connect Soekarno–Hatta International Airport to Manggarai Station by train service. The elevated train service construction was delayed as of March 2009.

It is strongly recommended that you allow at least one hour to get to the airport from central Jakarta. If you are leaving the city after 4pm on any day, but especially a Friday, allow 90 minutes. Arriving into Jakarta from other cities you should plan to arrive after 9am so that you miss the heavy traffic. Morning commute from airport to the city can be as much as 2 to 3 hours depending on rain, inundation, incidents, roadworks or the toll operators randomly changing the payment methods or on/off ramp configurations. Furthermore, there is only one toll road servicing the airport, and as such you could miss your flight or be unavoidably delayed if not taking all these things into consideration.