Dimethylglycine
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
N,N-Dimethylglycine
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| Other names
2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.012.971 |
| MeSH | Dimethylglycine |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C4H9NO2 | |
| Molar mass | 103.12 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a derivative of the amino acid glycine with the structural formula (CH3)2NCH2COOH. Often it is found in beans and liver. It can be formed from trimethylglycine upon the loss of one of its methyl groups. It is also a byproduct of the metabolism of choline.
When DMG was first discovered, it was referred to as vitamin B16, but, unlike true B vitamins, deficiency of DMG in the diet does not lead to any ill-effects. In legal terms, it has been deemed not to be a vitamin but a food product and, as such, is available without a practitioner or prescription.
Uses
The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center says that DMG will "enhance oxygen utilization during hypoxia, reduce lactic acid build-up in the blood during stressful events," and reduce the number of seizures experienced in epilepsy.[1]
Anecdotal reports[2] indicate that treatment with DMG (or trimethylglycine, which is functionally identical to DMG) may ameliorate or alleviate many symptoms of autism. It is theorized that DMG/TMG are effective because they improve cell methylation, which may be inefficient in people on the autistic spectrum. However, there is no scientific evidence that DMG is effective in autism. In fact, several published studies on the subject[3][4] have shown little difference between DMG treatment and placebo. One literature review[5] claims that DMG benefits "roughly half of ASD cases" when administered along with co-factors vitamin B6 pyridoxine and magnesium. Another autism-related study[6] found no benefit from pyridoxine and magnesium alone, indicating that the synergy between these cofactors, rather than any individual nutrient alone, is what has the potential to benefit individuals with autism. (The aforementioned study also used magnesium oxide, a form of Mg that is less readily absorbed than other forms[7] and may be inferior to cirate and chelated forms of Mg.[8]) More research on this combination of nutrients for the treatment of autism is needed.
References
- ^ "Dimethylglycine". About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products. Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center. December 8, 2009.
- ^ English, Jim. "Autism: One Family's Struggle". Vitamin Research Products.
- ^ Bolman WM, Richmond JA (1999). "A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial of low-dose dimethylglycine in patients with autistic disorder". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 29 (3): 191–4. PMID 10425581.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Kern JK, Miller VS, Cauller PL, Kendall PR, Mehta PJ, Dodd M (2001). "Effectiveness of N,N-dimethylglycine in autism and pervasive developmental disorder". Journal of Child Neurology. 16 (3): 169–73. PMID 11305684.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Kidd PM (2002). "Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part 2: medical management" (PDF). Alternative Medicine Review. 7 (6): 472–99. PMID 12495373.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Findling RL, Maxwell K, Scotese-Wojtila L, Huang J, Yamashita T, Wiznitzer M (1997). "High-dose pyridoxine and magnesium administration in children with autism spectrum disorder: an absence of salutary effects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 27 (4): 467–78. PMID 9261669.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Coudray C, Rambeau M, Feillet-Coudray C; et al. (2005). "Study of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts in Mg-depleted rats using a stable isotope approach". Magnesium Research. 18 (4): 215–23. PMID 16548135.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Walker AF, Marakis G, Christie S, Byng M (2003). "Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study". Magnesium Research. 16 (3): 183–91. PMID 14596323.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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