Enniscorthy
Template:Infobox Place Ireland Enniscorthy (Template:Lang-ga) is the second largest town in County Wexford, Ireland. The population of the town and environs is 9538.[1] The Placenames Database of Ireland[2] sheds no light on the origins of the town's name. It may refer either to the "Island of Corthaidh" or the "Island of Rocks". With a history going back to 465 (about 30 years after Saint Patrick is reputed to have come as a missionary to Ireland), Enniscorthy is one of the longest continuously-occupied sites in Ireland.[citation needed] The cathedral for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ferns is sited in the town.
Location and access
The town is situated on the River Slaney in the centre of the county, 24 km north of the county town, Wexford. The town lies on the N11 road (part of European route E1) from Dublin to Wexford. The N30 connects the town to New Ross and Waterford to the west. The town is situated at the tidal extreme of the river — which has gouged steep sides in surrounding rock over the millennia to create the distinctive hilly feel of the town.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1821 | 3,557 | — |
| 1831 | 5,955 | +67.4% |
| 1841 | 7,016 | +17.8% |
| 1851 | 6,010 | −14.3% |
| 1861 | 5,396 | −10.2% |
| 1871 | 5,594 | +3.7% |
| 1881 | 5,666 | +1.3% |
| 1891 | 5,648 | −0.3% |
| 1901 | 5,458 | −3.4% |
| 1911 | 5,495 | +0.7% |
| 1926 | 5,543 | +0.9% |
| 1936 | 5,873 | +6.0% |
| 1946 | 6,020 | +2.5% |
| 1951 | 5,948 | −1.2% |
| 1956 | 6,422 | +8.0% |
| 1961 | 6,251 | −2.7% |
| 1966 | 6,279 | +0.4% |
| 1971 | 6,642 | +5.8% |
| 1981 | 7,261 | +9.3% |
| 1986 | 7,753 | +6.8% |
| 1991 | 7,655 | −1.3% |
| 1996 | 7,640 | −0.2% |
| 2002 | 8,964 | +17.3% |
| 2006 | 9,538 | +6.4% |
| [3] | ||
Transport
Enniscorthy has a railway station on the Dublin–Rosslare line. The line terminates at Rosslare Europort. The station opened on 16 November 1863.[4] There is a bus station at Templeshannon, with bus connections to Waterford, Dublin, and other major cities near by.
History
Enniscorthy Castle
Enniscorthy Castle is an imposing Norman stronghold, which dates from 1205 and was a private dwelling until 1951. The castle was built by the DePrendergast's. The poet Edmund Spencer lived in the castle for a period and it is said that Queen Elizabeth I gave him the castle because of all the good things he said about her in the poem "The Faerie Queene".
The Castle was also once owned by Sir Henry Wallop. The castle was the site of many fierce battles during the Cromwellian years and also the 1798 Rising. The castle houses the Wexford County Museum, which contains extensive 1798 rebellion-related material, as well as items of local and agricultural interest. It is currently (2007) closed for refurbishment. It is due to reopen for the 2010 tourist season.
Vinegar Hill
Vinegar Hill (Cnoc Fíodh na gCaor in Irish which translates as hill of the berry-tree), a pudding-shaped hill overlooking the town, was the largest camp and headquarters of the rebels of 1798 who controlled County Wexford for thirty days against vastly superior forces, before their defeat on June 21. However, many managed to flee south through a gap left in the British lines by General Needham (now known as Needham's Gap). During this time, Beauchamp Bagnell Harvey was declared as President of the Wexford Republic. The former Congregation of Christian Brothers monastery now houses a 1798 Visitor Centre[5] which tracks the path to modern independence and the part the rebellion played.
National 1798 Visitor Centre
One of the most noted interactive museums in Ireland, the 1798 Visitor Centre is devoted to the 1798 Rising. Its history, European context and aftermath are all revisited using audio-visual technology. Highlights include a mock debate between the English Thomas Paine and the Anglo-Irish Edmund Burke and a reconstruction of the Rebellion as a game of chess with six-foot-chess pieces. For children, there's a 1798 themed play area and games presenting history as a game of chance.
Saint Aidan's Cathedral
Following the relaxation of the Penal Laws at the beginning of the 19th century, it became possible for the Roman catholic community to consider building a cathedral to replace the one in Ferns that had been appropriated for use by the Church of Ireland during the English Reformation. Built in 1843, St. Aidan’s Cathedral,[6] was designed by Augustus Welby Pugin. This architech is more famous for having designed London's Houses of Parliament. The cathedral is in the same Neogothic style. Notable features include the striking façade, a reredos carved from Caen stone and a great north window with intricate stone tracery. The cathedral was subsequently much renovated (in line with reforms promulgated by the second Vatican Council). It was restored to its near original design in 1994 when authentic colours, materials and techniques were used. The restoration took a year, during which time cathedral services were held at St Mary's church (Church of Ireland) nearby.
1916 Rising
In 1916, Enniscorthy patriots again took their place in history, when James Connolly requested that the Enniscorthy Volunteers take and hold the railway line to prevent reinforcements from reaching Dublin. 600 Volunteers took the town, led by Robert Brennan, Seamus Doyle and J R Etchingham, they surrounded the police station, but did not attempt to take it. The RIC barracks was held by a police inspector and five constables while an RIC sergeant and one constable prevented the rebels from taking over a bank in the town. They established headquarters at the Athenaeum [disambiguation needed], and held control until asked to surrender by Padraig Pearse.
The Volunteers also established a strong position on Vinegar Hill, overlooking the town. The railway line was cut and men dispatched to Gorey and Ferns. The government responded by sending a force of more than 1,000 men to retake Enniscorthy and the rebels retired to their positions on Vinegar Hill. Before hostilities could develop the news of the Dublin surrender arrived, but the Volunteers refused to believe it. The army commander, Col FA French, was a Wexford man and in order to avoid bloodshed he offered a safe conduct for the Wexford leaders so that they could go to Dublin and hear of the surrender directly from Pearse. There were no fatalities.
Enniscorthy today
Amenities
Enniscorthy is situated by the River Slaney, and has short walks beside it to the north and to the south, on the west bank. It is the cathedral town of the Diocese of Ferns and has two Catholic churches spread over two parishes — St. Aidan's and St Senan's, under the shadow of Vinegar Hill. The town also hosts a Church of Ireland, a joint Methodist/Presbyterian church, a Society of Friends meeting hall, and a Masonic Lodge. There is a multiplex cinema, a swimming pool/recreation centre, several sports grounds and several hotels including the four star Riverside Park Hotel. Surrounding the town, there is an 18-hole golf course, several pitch and putts, freshwater fishing, and a five-star spa Monart is just beside "The Still Pond". The town also boasts several historical sites and museums. Young people complain about the general lack of amenities for them to use. Plans for a skate park were put forward but these were rejected as the town council deemed there was no funding available. Festivals:
- The Strawberry Fair. This is an annual event, which takes place in the last week of June. It consists of amusements in Bellfield, live bands and the crowning of the Strawberry Queen in the square.
- Blackstairs Bluestairs Blues festival. This is an annual event, now in its twelfth year. The festival includes international and local performers, in a variety of late night concerts and open workshops. The festival includes a free pub trail and late night festival club.
- Enniscorthy Street Rhythms and Dance Festival. This is an annual event, which takes place in the two weekend in August. The Festival includes dance exhibitions, parade, fireworks, concert, dance workshops for kids, adults and dancers. Bringing a brand new festival to Enniscorthy with the aim of including all age groups from 2 to 102 and bringing a sense of community and joy to the town.
Education
Enniscorthy has three second-level schools.
People
- Martin Cash, a transported convict who became a bushranger in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania, Australia) was born in Enniscorthy in 1808.
- Guglielmo Marconi's mother was Annie Jameson, the grand-daughter of the founder of Jameson's Distillery. The location of the distillery, about two miles outside Enniscorthy is today known locally as "The Still".
- Eileen Gray was born in Brownswood and later became famous as a furniture designer and architect.
- Colm Tóibín, born in the town, has written several novels set in the area.
- Anthony Cronin, poet and biographer of Flann O'Brien and Samuel Beckett, is a native of Enniscorthy.
- Gerard Whelan, author, was born and lives in Enniscorthy.
- Walter Bogan, born in the town, fought in the American Civil War for the Union Army. He served in many major battles, firing the last cannon shot at Gettysburg.
- Racehorse trainer Paul Nolan is based at Toberona Stables in Davidstown
- Bill Lacey, footballer, who played for both Liverpool FC and Everton FC
Literature
Enniscorthy is mentioned in the Ithaca chapter of James Joyce's Ulysses (p. 812) as a flyleaf note in a book belonging to Leopold Bloom, where it is described as "Ennifcorthy, County Wicklow, the finest place in the world" (sic).
Commerce
George Killian's Red
Enniscorthy was the location of a regional microbrewery opened in 1864 and owned by the desendants of George Killian Lett. During their operation Killian's ale was sold almost entirely in Wexford county. Lett's Brewery still operates today, but no longer brews its own products. They now focus on wholesale to shops, bars and hotels.[7]
Pottery
Carley's Bridge Pottery is one of Ireland's oldest potteries, having made earthen pots for over three hundred years. Paddy Murphy was also an Enniscorthy potter and in 1980 founded Hill View pottery adjacent to his home and close to Carley's Bridge Pottery. The cul de sac "Potters' Way" is named after for him — as he would walk that route to his home. Since his passing, Hill View pottery has been taken over by his relation Derek O'Rourke.
Enniscorthy Enterprise & Technology Centre
Enniscorthy Enterprise & Technology Centre the home of business support and training for small and medium enterprises. The centre specialises in the support of startup businesses and the upskilling of people in employment in Co. Wexford. The difference between an Enterprise centre and other enterprise units are the services. You do not only rent a space but you are part of structure that promotes and supports a business. The environment and facilities are created to help businesses and also promote a professional image to their clients.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Enniscorthy is twinned with:
See also
References
- ^ CSO
- ^ Placenames Datebase of Ireland
- ^ Figure is total for Enniscorthy UD and Enniscorthy environs. and Histpop.org for post 1821 figures, For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see JJ Lee “On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses Irish Population, Economy and Society edited by J. M. Goldstrom and L. A. Clarkson (1981) p54, in and also New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700-1850 by Joel Mokyr and Cormac O Grada in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov., 1984), pp. 473-488.
- ^ "Enniscorthy station" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
- ^ Visitor Centre
- ^ St. Aidan's Cathedral
- ^ Gofree.indigo.ie, Lett's Website
- ^ "Enniscorthy Twinning" (PDF). Wexford County Council Report (page 108). Retrieved 2008-06-23.
- ^ "Gimont, France on fr.wikipedia.org". French Wikipedia. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
External links
