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James M. Wayne

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James Moore Wayne
Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
In office
January 9, 1835[1] – July 5, 1867
Nominated byAndrew Jackson
Preceded byWilliam Johnson
Succeeded by(none)

James Moore Wayne (1790 – July 5, 1867) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and was a United States Representative from Georgia.

Biography

Wayne in his elder years

Born in Savannah, Georgia, Wayne was the son of Richard Wayne, who came to the US in 1760 and married, on Sept. 14th, 1769, Elizabeth Clifford (? - 1804), born in Charleston, SC. Wayne graduated from Princeton University in 1808, was admitted to the bar in 1810, and began his practice in Savannah. He served in the military during the War of 1812 as an officer in the Georgia Hussars. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives. He then served as the mayor of Savannah from September 8, 1817 to July 12, 1819.

He then served as a Judge in Georgia until he was elected as a Jacksonian to the United States Congress from March 4, 1829, to January 13, 1835. He resigned to accept the appointment as an Associate Justice to the Supreme Court. He served on the court from January 14, 1835 to his death on July 5, 1867. He favored free trade, opposed internal improvements by Congress, except of rivers and harbors, and opposed the rechartering of the United States Bank.[2]

Wayne died in Washington, D.C., and was interred in Laurel Grove Cemetery, Savannah, Georgia. His sister Mary was the great-grandmother of Juliette Gordon Low, the founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA. In 1831, he sold his home to William Washington Gordon, Juliette's grandfather. This home is now called the Juliette Gordon Low birthplace.

In order to prevent President Andrew Johnson from appointing any justices, Congress passed the Judicial Circuits Act in 1866, eliminating three seats from the Supreme Court as they became vacant. Justice John Catron had already died in 1865, and upon Wayne's death, it reduced the number of justices from ten to eight. In 1869, Congress passed the Circuit Judges Act, setting the court at nine members. As only two seats were vacated between 1866 and 1869, the Court had eight justices at the time of this Act, so one new seat was created.

Further reading

  • Abraham, Henry J. (1992). Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506557-3.
  • Cushman, Clare (2001). The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 (2nd ed.). (Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books). ISBN 1568021267.
  • Flanders, Henry. The Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the United States Supreme Court. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1874 at Google Books.
  • Frank, John P. (1995). Friedman, Leon; Israel, Fred L. (eds.). The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions. Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 0791013774.
  • Hall, Kermit L., ed. (1992). The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195058356.
  • Martin, Fenton S. (1990). The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books. ISBN 0871875543. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994). The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary. New York: Garland Publishing. p. 590. ISBN 0815311761.
  • White, G. Edward. The Marshall Court & Cultural Change, 1815-35. Published in an abridged edition, 1991.

See also

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Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Savannah, Georgia
1817 – 1819 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's at-large congressional district
March 4, 1829 – January 13, 1835 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
January 9, 1835 – July 5, 1867 		Succeeded by

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References

  1. ^ "Federal Judicial Center: James Moore Wayne". 2009-12-09. Retrieved 2009-12-09. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ New International Encyclopedia
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