Talk:Gold

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simple error in calculating weight

The article state that one cubic meter of gold weights 19.3 kg. That is of course completely wrong, however 1000 kubic centimeter weights 19.3 kg. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.241.174.161 (talk) 12:32, 21 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Data should be in SI units

The data table on the left side features some data in non-SI units; this is inconsistent with the majority of the data, given in SI units (sometimes alongside with non-SI). Example, densities are given in g/cm^3, while the SI unit of mass density is kg/m^3. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.20.43.1 (talk) 13:01, 7 February 2009 (UTC)[reply]

In that same table the density is shown as being "19.3 g·m3" [sic], it is incorrect, it is either 19.3 g cm-3 or, 1930 Kg m-3. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rolando Rodriguez (talk • contribs) 22:26, 10 April 2009 (UTC)[reply]

wrong. if kg/m3 should be used it would be 19300 kg/m3 not 1930. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.241.174.161 (talk) 12:34, 21 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

吞金 (tūn jīn, "to commit suicide by swallowing gold")

I'm curious about this Chinese phrase. It is apparently well established in online dictionaries, and alluded to in "The Dream of Red Mansions"[1] The wife of Wu Feixing was reported to have unsuccessfully attempted suicide by swallowing gold before accomplishing the task with alcohol.[2] But... is this truth (presumably involving some gold compound) or purely fiction? Wnt (talk) 23:35, 28 February 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Fiction, I would guess. Gold metal is never poisonous. Some soluble gold compounds are, because the gold ion is poisonous, but they all must be made with complicated chemisty, as for example AuCl₃ needing aqua regia (a mix of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids). This seems a bit beyond traditional Chinese alchemy. The only naturally occuring gold compound is the telluride (Calaverite) and not only is it rare in most of the world, but I doubt very much if it's soluble enough in water that you could kill yourself with it. S B H arris 02:59, 22 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

You can eat gold. In fact, luxury restaurants for millionaire often decorate their cakes and icecreams with thin gold foil, which you eat together with the food. Gold has no biological effect (except that some illnesses of the knee joint can be cured by a gold solution based mixture, but that one is usually administered by a syringe). 82.131.210.162 (talk) 10:27, 16 June 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Well, since the story said she was unsuccessful, maybe it was a true story! Another thing to consider is that swallowing really large amounts of gold might be bad for your digestive system for "mechanical reasons", if not for biochemical reasons. --Itub (talk) 06:54, 18 June 2008 (UTC)[reply]

I should point out that the Dream of Red Chamber has a successful suicide involving the ingestion of gold; that of Second Sister You. Of course the books was written by a sheltered little lordling, what could he know? It's probably just a euphemism that people who didn't know better got confused with an actual method for offing yourself.--99.224.167.240 (talk) 00:25, 23 February 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Having not heard or seen the phrase elsewhere, I suppose that it could be a metaphor about the dangers of greed. Many cultures warn against excessive wealth-seeking; perhaps the saying is an expression against it.Ocaasi (talk) 06:32, 5 July 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Legal Definition of Gold

'Gold' in Wikipedia is missing a legal perspective and definition. The 'Gold' article is also lacking a link in the "See Also" section for Fiat Currency as these are in effect related in law in terms of negotiable and non-negotiable instruments.

Gold is an element but it is also money. Most central banks that hold reserves may only buy and sell gold, silver, nickel and bronze coin or any other coin and gold and silver bullion. This is determined by Acts which limit the powers of the banks as to what type of reserves they are allowed to hold. These limitations are typically defined in Currency Acts and Banking Acts.

The distinction between a true commodity and gold begins with the fact that central banks may not hold wheat, oil or other commodities in terms of reserves. The central banks of the world are generally limited to "precious metals" and at times "base metals" which must typically be held in the form of minted base metal coins with face value. In other words, central banks must hold money.

Gold is also not a negotiable instrument as it fails the legal test. This is one of the primary reasons why gold cannot be solely regarded as a commodity and has the function of money.

"A negotiable instrument is a signed writing (record) that contains an unconditional promise or order to pay an exact sum of money on demand or at a specified future time to a specific person or order, or to the bearer. Negotiable instruments can function as substitutes for money or as an extension of credit." - BUSINESS LAW TODAY: THE STANDARD EDITION. THE ESSENTIALS

All fiat currencies, notes and bank notes must have signatures, which is what makes them negotiable and legal tender in their domestic country. In Canada they are guaranteed by the Deputy Governor and Governor. US Dollars are signed or guaranteed by the Treasurer of the United States and the Secretary of the United States.

A generally accepted legal distinction between metals is as follows to determine if a metal can be utilized as currency.

"base metal" means any metal other than precious metal. "precious metal" means gold, silver, platinum or any of the platinum group of metals.

Typically, only precious metals can be utilized as currency and at times base metals can be utilized if they are minted and have a face value.

A commonly held view is that gold can appreciate or depreciate but this is innately false. Linked in with new mining supply, gold's rise in price relative to fiat currencies worldwide is merely a function of the increase in new money supply by central banks which can debase or improve the value of a particular currency. The devaluation of a particular currency is then reflected in the increase in price of gold as well all consumer goods denominated in the domestic currency where the gold price is calculated.

The purchase and sale of gold bullion for personal purposes cannot represent a capital gain as it fails the test of a gain in capital.

"capital" as defined by Black Law dictionary, 2nd Edition "The actual estate, whether in money or property, which is owned by an individual or corporation. In reference to a corporation it is the aggregate sum subscribed and paid in , by the shareholders, with the addition of all gains or profits realized in the use and investment of those sums, or, if losses have been incurred, then it is the residue after deducting such losses.

And, when used with respect to the property of individuals in any particular business, the term has a substantially the same import; it then means the property taken from other investments or uses and set apart for and invested in the special business, and which the increase, proceeds, or earning of which property beyond expenditures incurred in its use consists the profits made in the business."

When gold bullion is purchased and not utilized to perform a business function the bearer of the gold bullion can see the price of the bullion fluctuate with the current market value of its gold content. This is also true for silver and platinum bullion content. Therefore the purchase or sale of bullion at a particular time is entirely based on the increase or decrease value of the fiat currency (bank note) conversion rate and fails the test of currency speculation as long as the gold is purchased and sold domestically in the same fiat currency with which it was originally purchased.

In contrast, currency speculation can be characterized as an investment into a fiat currency with hopes that the foreign nation's economic performance and central money planning will outperform those of another currency. For example, an Australian purchasing Euro's is speculating that the Euro money supply and economic performance of the European Union will outperform the Australian economy and/or the rate of domestic inflation. In this scenario the test of capital gains is met as net gains or loss can be realized.

Precious metals such as silver, gold, or platinum bars, wafers, or coins sold at a price greater than the value of their metal content, and purchased primarily for their value as collectibles also do represent a net gain in capital as the initial purchase cannot be contrived as purely held as an alternative to domestic fiat currency.

Look, the wiki you're looking for is Fiat money. Take your economic arguments there, or to the Representative money or Money talk pages. You may want to see Currency or History of central banking in the United States or somesuch. This is not the finance or banking page, or a soapbox for theories in those fields. S B H arris 02:52, 22 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

H arris you are wrong, now will you be able to admit it? Please provide one (1) single citation from any country in the world, in law, which refutes the facts discussed herein.

Formatting

Resolved.

The disambiguous link preceeds infoboxes and article content in an effort to aid other editors and, of course, our readers. I will again correct this unless there is some compelling reason not to. Benji boi 23:10, 21 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Per WP:HNP, I'm correcting this, the needs of all the readers come before the ease of those interested in just this subject and the other elements. Benji boi 23:44, 21 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

OK, but do it in such a way that it doesn't open up two feet of blank space alongside the infobox.Plantsurfer (talk) 23:46, 21 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Corrected. Benji boi 00:31, 22 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

For the sake of reference for uppity "new" moderators

The "gold" article, it was littered with spelling inconsistencies in both forms of English. It has been reverted to it's incorrect form in violation of Wiki policy by a "new" user.

The original form of the article was in one form of English; and amendments added in American English.

Wikipedia policy is that articles are kept in the original form of English used (rather than separating them into two forms as is the case with Norwegian).

Please read this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Consistency_within_articles Then please, revert the changes.

Without naming names, it is against Wiki policy to immediately refer to article changes as Vandalism: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism

Nothing in that article actually says that. See WP:ATWV. Otherwise: "As a result, the word 'vandal' should not be used in reference to any contributor in good standing or to any edits that can arguably be construed as good-faithed. If the edits in question are made in good faith, they are not vandalism and the contributor should not be called a 'vandal'." But that's not to say nobody should, ever. Some actions speak for themselves. S B H arris 04:46, 26 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Well, actually it does say something about it under "bold edits" in the bottom table... but I don't think it hurt to just post the whole Vandalism page so that readers could find their own way through to the link you posted that was where I actually wanted to lead people to.

You are missing the important "bread" in that "sandwich":

"any good-faith effort to improve the encyclopedia, even if misguided or ill-considered, is not ::vandalism." ... "Non-vandalism disruption may also occur. Instead of calling a person committing ::such disruption a 'vandal', you are better off discussing his or her specific edits with him or her. ::Comment on the content and substance of his or her edits or arguments, not his or her person."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Vww

The point is that the charge of "vandal" is not one to be deployed casually and it was a kneejerk reaction to simply revert my efforts to tidy up the article according to Wikipolicy, and then land on my talk page with the charge of vandalism - it ain't friendly. It's clumsy sysop-ing like this that results in the unnecessary blocking of editors who get justifiably upset and rant back. You would expect those who put on their talk page that they are involved in anti-vandalism to be pretty familiar with the contents of the Wikipolicy page contents on Vandalism, wouldn't you?

I'm not suggesting it should never be used; but it should be used with caution, because you can seriously affect people's reputations; same goes for "troll", which seems to have quite different connotations in Britain and America.

Now let's all kiss and make up! I simply started reading the article, and the spelling switched from British to American... etc... I know the policy... I acted according to it in good faith... didn't think anyone would either notice, or be that bothered. Though there are some who think that all English articles should be in American-English and burst a blood vessel when they encounter perfectly intelligible British English. It's always been this way on Wikipedia... I remember having this row about 6 years ago... there was a lot less moderation of language then I can tell you (god I sound old!).

"I'm just some bloke off t'inter'" (talk) 22:17, 27 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Note that in the second revision to Gold, way back when, American spelling was introduced. Thanks for the helpful vandalism link. Cheers, OhNoitsJamie ^Talk 03:31, 26 March 2008

(UTC)

Are you saying that the original edition was in British English, or that the original edition was in American English? Whichever, the policy as I remember it was that reversions should be to the original dialect"I'm just some bloke off t'inter'" (talk) 22:26, 27 March 2008 (UTC)[reply]

History of Gold

I was hoping someone can add this to the History of Gold, http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080331/ap_on_sc/oldest_gold —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jesusmariajalisco (talk • contribs) 00:50, 1 April 2008 (UTC)[reply]

I hope someone could add this into History of Gold: http://www.goldtraderasia.com/livegoldprice.htm

British Official Price for the years 1257 to 1945
U.S. Official Price for the years 1786 to 2007
New York Market Price for the years 1791 to 2007
Gold/Silver Price Ratio for the years 1687 to 2006
London Market Price for the years 1718 to 2007

Thanks and appreciate your consideration. Bill Chiam —Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.74.108.31 (talk) 11:21, 26 December 2009 (UTC)[reply]

total amount of gold.

actually the world gold council states that its estimate of total production up to 2001 was 145,000 tonnes, roughly 19.4 cubic meters. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 155.140.133.253 (talk) 15:59, 9 April 2008 (UTC)[reply]

This number has to be way off or just based on bullion reserves by major nations. If you take in account human history and the masses of gold that we have mined through different methods over the last 5000 years, I would really estimated it to be around the 1,000,000 tons or so. My company assist in dust deals and we move about 3,000tons per year or about 1.8% of the worlds gold if the numbers were correct. Only about 100tons or so actually goes to market. Most of it goes into private reserves to be hedged against. I have even be into private vaults with over 20,000tons that were completely off the gold records.

Are you certain you were in a private vault with $800 billion worth of gold? I think maybe your units are off... 68.190.151.103 (talk) 04:44, 18 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Inverted alchemy

I recall a documentary in England whereby placing gold on a television screen and leaving it to be bombarded for a few weeks resulted in it being broken down into lead. Fiction? Or is there still some evidence to support this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.92.202.253 (talk • contribs)

Unless your television in the middle of a nuclear reactor, that's pretty much impossible. Though if you've got a reference, I'd love to see it. eaolson (talk) 22:14, 11 April 2008 (UTC)[reply]

It doesn't work in Scotland. Plantsurfer (talk) 08:27, 10 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Well Lead is a larger element than gold, so properly gold does not 'break down' into lead, but has to be built up into lead. Anyways, modern nuclear transmutation has been successful in the lead into gold reaction, as well as the reverse reaction gold into lead. Unfortunately, lead into gold is not currently economically viable, and neither reaction is so easy to produce that it can be accomplished within the household. Then again, once a society has learned how to transmute gold, it would have a real interest in claiming the process wasn't energy-efficient while it secretly produced a large quantity of gold, so who really knows? —Preceding unsigned comment added by CerberusAlpha (talk • contribs) 21:26, 16 December 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Clarifications would be good

Under "Occurrence":

Native gold is also found in the form of free flakes, grains or larger nuggets that have been eroded from rocks and end up in alluvial deposits (called placer deposits). Such free gold is always richer at the surface of gold-bearing veins owing to the oxidation of accompanying minerals followed by weathering, and washing of the dust into streams and rivers, where it collects and can be welded by water action to form nuggets.

1. This is slightly contradictory because first it say that nuggets are eroded (as nuggets) from rock, and then later it says they are welded by water action after having been eroded. It's possible that both are true, or perhaps only the second.

2. I'm not sure what the point of the statement "Such free gold is always richer at the surface of gold-bearing veins" is, or how the "because" follows. If the gold originates in the veins then it seems plain obvious that it's found near them -- or perhaps the point being made is that it doesn't usually wash far away from the veins? Or does it mean "richer at the surface" as opposed to "richer within the veins"? But then you wouldn't find "alluvial" gold in the veins themselves would you? Basically I just don't get what this is trying to say.—Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.129.129.141 (talk • contribs)

I suggest you get in there and start turning it into sense! And while you're at it, why don't you register?? Best wishes, Plantsurfer (talk) 10:26, 21 April 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Why is iridium mentioned as the densest element?

and not osmium? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.109.169.84 (talk) 16:48, 30 April 2008 (UTC)[reply]

I don't know 129.59.8.10 (talk) 19:30, 20 May 2008 (UTC)[reply]

See Iridium#Characteristics - the two are so close in density, it's hard to tell which is really denser, as pure, single crystal samples are hard to come by.

Ben (talk) 12:42, 18 June 2008 (UTC)[reply]

The Latin word "aurum" means "gold"

not dawn. It may share a root with "Aurora", which means "dawn", but it does not in itself mean "dawn." Serendi ^podous 07:45, 28 May 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Top 8 Gold Countries

 ---------Country-----------------Production in Tons----
       South Africa                      400
       United-States                     350
       Australia                         290
       China                             185
       Russia                            175
       Canada                            160
       Perou                             140
       Indonesia                         120  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.230.119.42 (talk) 14:08, 1 June 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Literature

William Shakespeare The Most Excellent and Lamentable Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext97/1ws1610.txt

   Rom. There is thy gold- worse poison to men's souls,
   Doing more murther in this loathsome world,
   Than these poor compounds that thou mayst not sell.
   I sell thee poison; thou hast sold me none.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.48.43.97 (talk) 12:35, 17 August 2008 (UTC)[reply]

King Henry IV http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext97/1ws2110.txt Henry IV., sec. part, act iv. sc. v.

   PRINCE HENRY:
   Coming to look on you, thinking you dead,
   And dead almost, my liege, to think you were,
   I spake unto this crown as having sense,
   And thus upbraided it: 
   "The care on thee depending Hath fed upon the body of my father,
   Therefore, thou best of gold art worst of gold;
   Other less fine in carat is more precious,
   Preserving life in medicine potable."  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.52.33.185 (talk) 17:04, 25 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Yellow gold redirects to this article, but no definition.

Thanks. Imagine Reason (talk) 18:05, 2 September 2008 (UTC)[reply]

It's defined graphically in the illustration labelled "Different colours of Ag-Au-Cu alloys."87.81.230.195 (talk) 04:41, 14 February 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Rose gold

In the Jewelry section, the article states that 25% copper and 75% gold produces rose (also known as Russian) gold, which has a more coppery cast than pure gold. It then goes on to say that 14K gold with the remaining % being made of copper is similar in color to certain bronze alloys. This is confusing as bronze is generally understood to have a brassy/yellow gold color. Is the author saying that those certain bronze alloys are more coppery than yellow gold/brass, or is the author claiming that 14K gold with copper alone will actually be closer to the color of pure gold than 18K gold with copper? Wanted to discuss it here rather than just editing it myself, as I am not sure which is the case.Theseeker4 (talk) 00:46, 18 September 2008 (UTC)[reply]

American or British English?

In the earliest edit on the history, the spelling of words such as "color" is in American English. As per Wikipedia policy, the article should remain and be consistently written in American English. Recent edits by Connorbourke have changed spelling from American to British English. I have reverted these edits.Theseeker4 (talk) 13:10, 30 October 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Minerals vs native or alloyed gold

The "Occurrence" section makes a distinction between "minerals" -- which include the tellurides, other rare compounds, and alloys/amalgams with copper, lead and mercury -- and what by implication are not minerals, namely native gold and electrum. Is this distinction valid? Matt 21:31, 3 November 2008 (UTC).

"Prevalence"

Came here seeking 1) corroboration of CCTV's claim that China passsed South Africa in gold production and 2) info on the total amount of gold in the earth's crust. Found first, but nothing on the second which in the old en days used to be a common encyclopaedic element. Is it debunked, a now unknown unknown, or what? Lycurgus (talk) 06:33, 8 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Abundances of the elements (data page) currently has a basis for what I was getting at which is the amount available given current means of production. 72.228.150.44 (talk) 12:48, 9 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Chrysiasis

clinical sign:

1) Gary D Wright Unusual and memorable. Chrysiasis secondary to sodium aurothiomalate treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 1999 Jan;58(1):68

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1752759&blobtype=pdf

2) Smith RW, Cawley MI. Chrysiasis. Br J Rheumatol. 1997 Jan;36(1):3-5.

http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/36/1/3?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&fulltext=chrysiasis&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT

3) Albert G.Kochs Zur Kenntnis der Chrysiasis [German] Journal Archives of Dermatological Research Volume 178, Number 3 / December, 1938 Pages 323-330

http://www.springerlink.com/content/l4x8474143lh8646/fulltext.pdf

Gold poisoning

There are rare cases of lethal gold poisoning from potassium gold cyanide.

Sounds more like cyanide poisoning to me. Can this toxicity really be attributed to the gold content? 86.137.136.135 (talk) 04:34, 8 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]

That's correct, the cyanide is toxic, not the gold. Plantsurfer (talk) 08:05, 8 December 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Gold is neurotoxic

Cavany JA, Chaignot A. Accidents nerveux de la chrysotherapie. Presse Med 1934;42:478

Mitsumoto H, Wilbourn AJ, Subramony SH. Generalized myokymia and gold therapy. Arch Neurol 1982;39:449-50

Nicholson D, Scalettar R, Jacobs RP. Rheumatoid rigor: gold induced myokymia. A report and review of the literature. J Rheumatol 1986;13:195-6

Perry RP, Jacobsen ES. Gold induced encephalopathy: case report. J Rheumatol 1984;11:233-4

Querido A. Gold intoxication of nervous elements on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand 1947;22:97

Schlumpf U, Meyer M, Ulrich J, Friede RL. Neurologic complications induced by gold treatment. Arthritis Rheum 1983;26:825-31

Vernay D, Dubost JJ, Thevenet JP, Sauvezie B, Rampon S. “Choree fibrillaire de Morvan” followed by Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient receiving gold therapy (letter). Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:1413-4

Caldron PH, Wilbourn AJ. Gold neurotoxicity and myokymia (letter). J Rheumatol 1988;15:528-9

pls add a IW link

[[wuu:金]]

Reference link broken

Reference link #3 is broken; corrected link for doi page: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.09.023 148.87.1.167 (talk) 02:02, 3 February 2009 (UTC)[reply]

wat does emeralod mean —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.199.46.41 (talk) 00:07, 6 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Rose Gold?

i read some where that rose gold was made from an iron gold alloy not a copper gold alloy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.4.151.151 (talk) 04:32, 11 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Not that I have ever heard of. It is the reddish color of the copper that gives gold its "rose" tone. The Seeker 4 Talk 12:17, 11 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

BC or BCE?

I just reverted an uncommented change of a BCE to BC, but then noticed will still have a mix of these in the article. What's the policy here? I assume it at least says we should be consistent, no? Dicklyon (talk) 07:20, 19 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

As per WP:ERA neither style BCE vs. BC is preferred over the other. It just says don't change without good reason. Thus, if you found one used and it consistent, don't change them all to the other. If not consistent to begin with, pick the most commonly used one and fix the rest and then stick with it. S B H arris 21:53, 25 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

A simple method for production of colloidal gold

sodium hypochlorite (concentration 15% - bleach sodium) + hydrochloric acid (concentration 5% - muriatic acid) + gold dust (filings of gold) [HAZARD! Chlorine gas !!!!] --- 48-56 h ---> Gold chloride (yellow-gold solution)

Gold chloride (yellow-gold solution) + sodium bicarbonate ---> precipitated eventual copper carbonate (blue - green), Gold chloride remains in solution (yellow-gold), sodium bicarbonate acts as pH Buffer System and reduce acidity (strong effervescence !)

Gold chloride solution + saccharose (sucrose) or glucose --- 24-48h ---> Colloidal Gold (purple shades) or "purple of Cassius"

try it! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.24.83.191 (talk) 17:08, 4 April 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Contradictory statements

"However, only salts and radioisotopes of gold are of pharmacological value, as elemental (metallic) gold is inert to all chemicals it encounters inside the body"

"The technique of immunogold labeling exploits the ability of the gold particles to adsorb protein molecules onto their surfaces."

If it sticks to protein molecules, it's not inert to all chemicals inside the body. The second statement is referenced, the first isn't. --Calibas (talk) 01:00, 8 April 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Gold in the eyes and nails

Gold in the eyes:

- P. J. Prouse, J. J. Kanski, and J. M. Gumpel Corneal chrysiasis and clinical improvement with chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis Ann Rheum Dis. 1981 December; 40(6): 564–566.

- E. ZAMIR, R. READ, J. AFFELDT, D. RAMASWAMY, and N. RAO Gold induced interstitial keratitis Br J Ophthalmol. 2001 November; 85(11): 1384.

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1723786&blobtype=pdf

- Duggan JN, Nanavati BP. Tattooing of corneal opacity with gold and platinum chloride. Br J Ophthalmol. 1936 Jul;20(7):419-25.

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1142682&blobtype=pdf

- A D Singh, P Puri1 and R S Amos Deposition of gold in ocular structures, although known, is rare. A case of ocular chrysiasis in a patient of rheumatoid arthritis on gold treatment is presented Eye (2004) 18, 443–444.

- McCormick SA, DiBartolomeo AG, Raju VK, Schwab IR. Ocular chrysiasis. Ophthalmology. 1985 Oct;92(10):1432-5. “Our data suggest that gold is deposited in the cornea and lens from the anterior chamber aqueous fluid.”

Gold in the nails: yellow Nail:

- Kanabrocki E, Case LF, Graham LA, Fields T, Oester YT, Kaplan E. Neutron-activation studies of trace elements in human fingernail. J Nucl Med. 1968 Sep;9(9):478-81.

http://jnm.snmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/9/9/478.pdf —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.24.84.17 (talk) 17:19, 13 August 2009 (UTC)[reply]

- Roest MA, Ratnavel R. Yellow nails associated with gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;145(5):855-6

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/120697438/PDFSTART

-David-Vaudey E, Jamard B, Hermant C, Cantagrel A. Yellow nail syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis: a drug-induced disease? Clin Rheumatol. 2004 Aug;23(4):376-8. Epub 2004 May 4.

- Ichikawa Y, Shimizu H, Arimori S. "Yellow nail syndrome" and rheumatoid arthritis. Tokai J Exp Clin Med. 1991 Dec;16(5-6):203-9.

- Fam AG, Paton TW. Nail pigmentation after parenteral gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: "gold nails". Arthritis Rheum. 1984 Jan;27(1):119-20.

- Roest MA, Ratnavel R. Yellow nails associated with gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;145(5):855-6

- Grimm V, Möhrenschlager M, Bruckbauer H, Köhler LD, Ring J. Ring-induced nail pitting? Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 Jan;79(1):82.

- Budden MG, Wilkinson DS. Skin and nail lesions from gold potassium cyanide. Contact Dermatitis. 1978 Jun;4(3):172-3.

- Voigt K, Holzegel K. [Permanent nail changes following gold therapy] German. Hautarzt. 1977 Aug;28(8):421-3.

- Gottlieb NL, Smith PM, Penneys NS, Smith EM. Gold concentrations in hair, nail, and skin during chrysotherapy. Arthritis Rheum. 1974 Jan-Feb;17(1):56-62.

- Kanabrocki E, Case LF, Graham LA, Fields T, Oester YT, Kaplan E. Neutron-activation studies of trace elements in human fingernail. J Nucl Med. 1968 Sep;9(9):478-81. http://jnm.snmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/9/9/478

- Mahler DJ, Scott AF, Walsh JR, Haynie G. A study of trace metals in fingernails and hair using neutron activation analysis. J Nucl Med. 1970 Dec;11(12):739-42.

- Gottlieb NL, Smith PM, Smith EM. Tissue gold concentration in a rheumatoid arthritic receiving chrysotherapy. Arthritis Rheum. 1972 Jan-Feb;15(1):16-22.

- Altmeyer P, Hufnagl D. [Chrysiasis. Side-effects of intramuscular gold therapy] [Article in German] Hautarzt. 1975 Jun;26(6):330-3. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.2.37.203 (talk) 12:21, 13 April 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Stellar origins? Where does gold come from?

One unanswered question on this page: the formation of gold. On National Geographic ("Journey to the End of the Universe") they said that complex elements, such as gold, were formed in the death of supernovas... that all gold on Earth ultimately came from these cauldrons. I.e., that gold did not form on Earth. News to me! If anyone can add a section on the geological birth of gold, it would be most helpful. --Smilo Don (talk) 01:08, 19 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]

The Earth formed from dust and the gold was in the dust. Every element from carbon (number 6) and heavier, was made in supernovas. Blown into space as dust, it collected into our present solar system, where most of became our Sun, and the rest became planets. Metals in the planets, from sodium to gold to uranium, are from previous supernovas in this area. See nucleogenesis. I'll add a line to the article if it doesn't have one. S B H arris 21:32, 19 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

"Every element from carbon (number 6) and heavier, was made in supernovas." Simply not true. Every element from Iron on is, indeed, created in supernovae, which then redistribute these new atoms throughout the interstellar medium (see ISM, CNO cycle, proton-proton chain, triple alpha process, supernova, etc.) Lighter elements CAN be made in supernovae, but are not NECESSARILY so. This flase statement appears in several locations with respect to gold, which is unfortunate given its falseness. I feel for all of the teachers reading papers drafted by students who don't know how (or why) to consult printed sources. Chrismaytag (talk) 04:15, 26 August 2009 (UTC)[reply]

I am sort of with Chrismaytag, as this sentence bothers me: "Like all elements with atomic numbers of six or higher (that is, carbon and elements beyond it), gold is thought to have been formed from a nucleogenesis process beginning from hydrogen in stars which then became supernovas." It clearly implies that that any element with a number greater than that of carbon is made (exclusively?) in supernovae conditions. I believe current accepted thought is that as supplied by Chrismaytag above. The section "Explosive nucleosynthesis" in Nucleogenesis basically states this, too. This content might need to be modified.Jack B108 (talk) 17:28, 29 August 2009 (UTC)[reply]

I tried to amend the paragraph a bit with a reference to supernova nucleosynthesis. Is this at least a bit more correct? --Cyclopia (talk) 20:59, 29 August 2009 (UTC)[reply]

I think that it is better now. This appears to have removed the problem regarding the issue of all elements above atom. no. 6. Thanks,Jack B108 (talk) 02:16, 31 August 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Every element ON EARTH from carbon to anything heavier. I think you're missing the point. Whether elements from 6 to 26 can be made in stars that don't go supernovae, it's of no consequence to YOU, because unless they got OUT of the star and into intersteller space to become part of the cloud that formed the solar system, they never became part of Earth. Earth (and the elements heavier than carbon in it) is made of the ashes of supernovae, and that's where its elements from carbon and heavier were formed. The only other mechanisms known to get elements out of stars-- solar wind and coronal mass ejections-- do not supply enough elements back into space to be processes worth considering. S B H arris 19:51, 18 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

New Gold Coloration was made

I recently found some information on a new color of gold that was made. It is brown in color and made by casting with another element that wasn't mentioned in the colored gold section. Do a google seach for brown gold press release and you should be able to find some more information. I didn't see anything mentioned in the page about it so I thought I would mention it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.119.18.131 (talk) 17:28, 25 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Doubtful claim

> Gold is so stable and so valuable that it is always recovered and recycled. There is no true "consumption" of gold in the economic sense; the stock of gold remains essentially constant while ownership shifts from one party to another <

Considering the complexity of electronics and the tiny amounts of gold used in microwiring for CPU and printed circuit cards, I doubt if those are recovered. Probably it wouldn't worth the effort. Space technology also uses gold extensively (electronics and heatshielding wraps) and the gold launched aboard rockets is lost. 87.97.101.6 (talk) 22:18, 25 July 2009 (UTC)[reply]

See Digger gold. Abductive (reasoning) 10:16, 24 September 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Injectable gold

In the health section there is a mention of "injectable gold", which can be prescribed for some complaints relating to the joints. How does this form of gold differ from that of metallic gold? Is this term actually referring to Colloidal gold? Jimjamjak (talk) 12:54, 24 September 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Perhaps mention of GOLDS medical value?

Ddidnt see mention of GOLDS use in medicine,in article >beleive arthritis is treated with GOLD and radioactive GOLD isotopes used too in medicine.Thanks(dated Morn,Wed.Sept.30,200921stcent.Dr.Edson Andre' Johnson D.D.ULC Declared decided)Edsonbrasil (talk) 23:26, 30 September 2009 (UTC)[reply]

New record spot gold price.

Please add a new historical spot gold price

http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/10/08/2708640.htm?section=business

Thanks.

Fabtone —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fabtone (talk • contribs) 09:14, 8 October 2009 (UTC)[reply]

We'd like to, but articles tend to get overwhelmed by breaking news if this sort of thing is done. This particular one has to cover the entire chemical, minerological, and economic history of gold, which is a tall enough order without noting details like this one. You might want to add this fact to the Wikipedia article Gold as an investment. Besides, is this a record high for gold, or a record low for the U.S. dollar and other currencies? Hard to say, isn't it? S B H arris 04:19, 9 October 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Occurrence as native metal

The point that gold is usually found as a native metal (or metal alloy), rather than in chemical composition with other elements, seems to have been lost from the "Occurrence" section. Is this deliberate (because it's not true) or accidental? If accidental then can it be reinstated? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.147.160.111 (talk) 03:51, 9 October 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Isn't what you said reflected in the "Occurrence" section? Materialscientist (talk) 03:58, 9 October 2009 (UTC)[reply]

I suppose it's "reflected", but it would be better to explictly state it (assuming true). 86.138.105.123 (talk) 13:12, 16 October 2009 (UTC).[reply]

Incorrect Tensile Strength

Tensile Strength is listed as 0.00157 MPa The Actual unit is approx 120 or 130 MPa

http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1965

http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=d2a2119a08904a0fa706e9408cddb88e

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Listerineman (talk • contribs) 15:46, 16 October 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks, I corrected that and fixed a typo in the infobox which was restricting its access. As I read literature, the tensile strength can vary easily, thus the 120 MPa value is only a guide. Materialscientist (talk) 01:11, 17 October 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Estimated amount of gold on earth?

I've been trying to find a reference to the estimated amount of gold on earth. The only references I've seen have been notes on either the amount of gold which has ever been mined, or the amount of gold which is expected to ever be mined (ie: gold in the crust). Am I incorrect in assuming that the amount in the crust would be only a small amount of the total of this relatively heavy element? Does anyone know how much gold is estimated to be on earth in total, mine-able or not? If this would be the same, perhaps a note that gold only occurs in the earth's crust (and an explanation of why) would be in order —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.206.169.121 (talk) 14:17, 1 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Gold almost for sure occurs in all the Earth globe, not only on crust, but I have no clue on where to find such information. You'd better take this question to the reference desk. --Cyclopia ^talk 15:12, 1 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

We have accurate info on trace element abundances only in the crust, because the mantle and core are not accessible for chemical analysis, and therefore their compositions are somewhat conjectural, especially for trace elements. Plazak (talk) 15:52, 1 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Daily quotations of gold price

I have removed (repeatedly now) the daily quotation of gold price records in several gold articles. Other than mentioning the noteworthy appreciation trend which is likely to continue for some time, it is not the intent of WP to provide daily price tickers, nor does it enhance the content and goal of each of the articles. Kbrose (talk) 15:21, 18 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Monetary exchange section

User:Markvs88 has started edit warring here over improvements in the discussion of gold standards, insisting on verbage it had contributed at some time and indiscriminately also destroying another editorial update. The old text focused narrowly on the inter-war and post war periods giving undue weight that is out of context for the article. If anything the classical (real) gold standards before WWI should be mentioned first, gold standards existed hundreds of years ago too, but this is all out of context for an already long article. Furthermore, the insistence on the phrase 'replaced by fiat currencies' is factually incorrect. For example, the dollar was not replaced by another currency, instead 'fiat money' (the correct term) was issued instead. I invite a discussion of these issues. Kbrose (talk) 18:34, 24 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

I did not destroy any edits, I merely replaced that which was not factual. Had you looked more carefully, you’d have seen that I MERGED your edit (“Restored POV edit”, which is what yours edit is BTW!) with the original text so it was not destructive. (Also, you add a bit about mining under Monetary Policy and complain about context?) The section discussed is gold as money/monetary exchange, and that conversation cannot be had by sticking in some random, broad and fictional date of “the 1970s”. The fact is that many countries weaned off the gold standard, and most did so LONG before the US cut its final tie in 1971. I already cited France (1930s) and Germany (1920s) as examples. The old text is quite valid – discussing the history of gold backed currency without Bretton Woods is a large omission. The US dollar was in fact replaced by the US dollar – one no longer backed in gold. The modern US dollar is a fiat currency. Markvs88 (talk) 19:53, 24 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

You clearly don't have your history straight. If you say that FR and DE abandoned the gold standard long before, then the US didn't have one anymore either, which is in fact the common viewpoint, and that's why this discussion in your text is misleading. Both GE and FR participated in the gold pool just the same as US until 1968, so they had almost the identical relationship to gold as the US, with the only difference that USD was the primary peg to gold. 1971 was the turning point that started the 'unrestricted' (if not manipulated) adjustment of gold price, it is not an arbitrary point in time and pov, since it is clear by the gold price chart what happened going forward. You are trying to push a particular agenda, it's clear. Kbrose (talk) 20:15, 24 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

An agenda? I really have no idea what you're talking about. You *just said* 1968. My calendar says that's not “the 1970s”. And the US did indeed wean itself off of gold currency – the Gold Reserve Act of 1934 started a process continued by FDR and finally completed by Nixon. BUT! My point is that countries leave and joined and finally discarded the gold standard at various times (consider England during the Napoleonic Wars or the USA/CSA during the US Civil War), and NOT exclusively in “the 1970s”. The history of gold as monetary exchange (as I’m sure you’re aware) goes back into antiquity. Needless to say, it’s factually incorrect to say that the 1970s is a cutoff. As I also cited, the Swiss were the final country to quit gold in 1999. If you want to add a sentence (or four) adding detail regarding the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, I’m all for it. Also, I would greatly appreciate it if you would cease these personal accusations. Not only are they baseless, they’re impolite and I feel wholly unwarrented since I've not been disparaging of you and retained the parts of your edits that I did not see as problematic. Markvs88 (talk) 20:59, 24 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

It would help if we had reliable sources that states one way or another. Or even both: it's OK for Wikipedia to include multiple incompatible viewpoints as long as they are properly sourced and not given undue weight.—Tetracube (talk) 23:07, 24 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Aqua regia reaction incorrect.

In the second paragraph of the characteristics of gold the article says that chlorine gas attacks gold to dissolve it. That is absolutely wrong. Aqua regia, a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid, dissolves gold by the nitric acid oxidizing the gold into a +3 oxidized state and the Cl- shifts the equilibrium far to the right by removing the Au+3 into AuCl4-. Please, someone with privileges, make this correction or remove the aforementioned misinformation. 129.62.89.113 (talk) 17:31, 14 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you. Corrected. Materialscientist (talk) 02:44, 15 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

World Gold Production Chart

Please, look at the following chart for world gold production, it´s firstly updated (with the given data basis) and secondly the accumulated world gold production is added.

Proposal

Replace file:

"Gold - world production trend.svg"

by the public domain file:

"Gold world production.png"

Realterm (talk) 11:21, 17 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you for your feedback, obviously further explantion and changes are necessary. Refering to the data source, I´ve chosen the same data, which is used for the chart "Gold - world production trend.svg" published at present. You can find the original source here: [3].

Refering to the two different vertical axis (left and right), I changed the chart caption, so hopefully there´s no misleading any more. The blue line represents the world gold production (in metric tons per year) at the left hand vertical axis. The additional grey line represents the accumulated world gold production (in metric tons) on the right hand vertical axis, i.e. the grey line gives the information, how much gold in sum was produced up to the chosen year. For example, in the year 2000 approximately 140,000 tons or 140,000,000 kg gold had been produced (This data is interesting, because of the fact, that gold is not destroyed and almost completely recycled and by this way, the grey line gives you a rough idea, how much gold is available above ground.)

(Remark: For the grey line you need additional data about the production before the year 1900, this data was taken from the German wikipedia article "Gold/Tabellen und Grafiken" [4], the original sources are mentioned there: "Soetbeer: Materialien zur Erläuterung und Beurteilung der Edelmetallverhältnisse (2. A. Berlin 1886), von 1886 an nach Statistical Abstract of the United States)

Realterm (talk) 18:15, 18 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Hi, I was actually answering to another conversation (the guy who started it messed it up a bit when answering to me) but thanks for the details! --Cyclopia ^talk 19:22, 18 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Purity

That site doesn't look really like a reliable source. Do you have one? --Cyclopia ^talk 19:07, 17 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

redacted, upon further research I am incorrect.

99.999% purity == .99999 fineness. Two different scales, I assume. Yergestro (talk) 19:01, 17 January 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Incorrect information correction

Changes to 'Color' Section

(Please excuse my lack of proper syntax- I'm new to Wikipedia)

Section reads as follows:

The color of pure gold is metallic yellow. Gold, caesium and copper are the only metallic elements with a natural color other than gray or white. The usual gray color of metals depends on their "electron sea" that is capable of absorbing and re-emitting photons over a wide range of frequencies. Gold reacts differently, depending on subtle relativistic effects that affect the orbitals around gold atoms.[4][5]

and is incorrect: Caesium is colored only in the presense of oxygen, and osmium (and zinc to a lesser extent) have a natural blue hue, when pure and free of contaminants.

Should read, corrected, as follows:

The color of pure gold is metallic yellow. Gold, osmium and copper are the only metallic elements with a natural color other than gray or white. The usual gray color of metals depends on their "electron sea" that is capable of absorbing and re-emitting photons over a wide range of frequencies. Gold reacts differently, depending on subtle relativistic effects that affect the orbitals around gold atoms.[4][5]

Thewizzard1 (talk) 04:29, 10 March 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you. I quickly rewrote that part my way, but welcome further corrections. It is not easy to explain this topic in a few words. Materialscientist (talk) 05:01, 10 March 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dc987 (talk • contribs) [reply]

Plus, I'm not sure I believe you about cesium, as I've never seen a sample which isn't somewhat golden, and the color has been explained by relativistic quantum chemistry effects. It's all very well to say it's oxygen, but somewhere you have to have a photo of cesium which is silver. Where is it? S B H arris 05:17, 14 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Okay "Thewizzard1" just dropped in that one time to leave an unreferenced and untrue (IMHO) comment. He's had more than a month to justify it and hasn't. Thus, I'm going to ignore him. Cesium is somewhat golden, for the same reason gold is. My reference for this is in relativistic quantum chemistry. Many photos of cesium are in caesium. If you've got new info for me, bring it. Otherwise, I'm putting this one back in the article. S B H arris 15:43, 21 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Symbolism: The golden rule

Under Symbolism, there is the text: "Respected people are treated with the most valued rule, the "golden rule"."

The actual context of the text (alongside mentions of gold member, and gold card) makes it easy to confuse 'respected' with 'wealthy'. More to the point, the golden rule has nothing to do with respected people per say, but instead has everything to do with respecting other people. The wording of "most valued rule" is also subject to context, as the value of the rule is subject to what value the reader places in it, and not everyone will value it above every other rule as "most valued rule" would imply. I'm a bit short on the moment for ideas on how to reword it, but I do think an edit is in order for this specific sentence, as someone who's not familiar with the golden rule will take it to be something entirely different than what the rule actually is. A guideline for respecting others. Yamagawa (talk) 01:24, 8 May 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Consumption Does Occur

In the Production section, we have: "Gold is so stable and so valuable that it is always recovered and recycled. There is no true consumption of gold in the economic sense..."

There are two industries that truly consume gold. First, when electronic equipment is discarded, it generally goes into the landfill - the gold plating on connector contacts isn't massive enough to make recovery profitable.

Second, in the aerospace industry, spacecraft are often wrapped in gold foil to distribute solar heating evenly around the structure, because it's a good thermal conductor; and there are also electrical connectors as above. Whether a spacecraft is de-orbited and is vaporized during re-entry (or it might rain down as small pieces, not recovered) or moved to a permanent parking orbit above geosynchronous altitude, or sent off to other planets and regions, the gold is lost to further use by man.

Significant amounts of gold are not lost in these ways, but it isn't quite correct to say it's always recovered and recycled. Significant money is expended in both these industries to buy the gold. While these points might not be significant compared to the whole, I believe they are remarkable and interesting, worthy of an encyclopedia. Friendly Person (talk) 01:10, 23 May 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Picture Missing

Second picture under "occurance" is missing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by VoiceOfThePnyx (talk • contribs) 16:04, 6 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Fixed (hopefully) Materialscientist (talk) 23:26, 6 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Gold coated tungsten bars

Some very interesting reading, especially if you've put a lot of money into gold. http://news.goldseek.com/GoldSeek/1258049769.php One minor quibble, the density of gold and tungsten aren't exactly the same, but they are close enough that a bar of tungsten coated with a couple of millimeters of gold would be very difficult to tell from the same size bar of solid, pure gold. A very precise displacement volume test and mass test should work. Would X-ray or some other radiation test work to tell the difference? With the melting point of tungsten so much higher than gold, it'd be easy to get the gold off the bogus bars. Just melt it and scoop off the tungsten or pour off the gold. Would the density of molten gold be reduced enough that solid tungsten would sink? Bizzybody (talk) 08:27, 23 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Vandalism

The title image has been changed to show a picture of a toilet. Yogesh Girikumar 10:57, 30 July 2010 (UTC)