Philharmonia Hungarica
The Philharmonia Hungarica was a symphony orchestra based in Germany which existed between 1956 and 2001. It was established in West Germany by Hungarian musicians who had fled their homeland after it was invaded by Soviet troops. This refugee ensemble gathered together some of Hungary's finest musical talent and was directed by none other than Zoltán Rozsnyai, an ex-conductor of the Hungarian National Philharmonic Orchestra. Through the ardorous efforts of Rozsnyai and honorary president Antal Doráti, the Philharmonia Hungarica quickly matured into one of Europe's most distinguished orchestras. During the 1970s, Antal Dorati and the orchestra, under contract with Decca, made a canonical, world-first recording of the complete cycle of Haydn's symphonies; only one other ensemble, the Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra, conducted by Ádám Fischer, has since repeated this feat.
From the orchestra's inception, the West German government sought to harness its anti-Soviet propaganda potential. As a result, the government generously funded the orchestra throughout the Cold War and continued extending subsidies even after the Iron Curtain fell in 1990. The full withdrawal of state subsidies at the start of 2001, combined with the long-term decline in concert attendances, aggravated the financial problems that threatened the orchestra's survival. The beleaguered Philharmonia Hungarica finally disbanded after giving a farewell concert in Düsseldorf on April 22, 2001, featuring a performance of Bruckner's Ninth Symphony conducted by Robert Bachmann. It was attended by an estimated audience of 150 in a concert hall meant to hold 2000.