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2010 Atlantic hurricane season

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2010 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedJune 25, 2010
Last system dissipatedSeason still active
Strongest storm
NameEarl
 • Maximum winds145 mph (230 km/h)
 • Lowest pressure928 mbar (hPa; 27.4 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions11
Total storms9
Hurricanes3
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)		2
Total fatalities42 direct, 21 indirect
Total damageAt least $2.135 billion (2010 USD)
Related article
Atlantic hurricane seasons
2008, 2009, 2010, Post-2010

The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season is the period in 2010 during which tropical cyclones will form in the Atlantic Ocean. The season officially started on June 1 and will end on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical systems form in the basin. The season began with Hurricane Alex, a Category 2 storm on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale, which struck the Yucatán Peninsula as a tropical storm and northeastern Mexico south of the Texas border at peak intensity. Following Alex, a series of relatively weak systems occurred into the month of July and early August. In the latter part of August and early part of September, the season became much more active with the formation of six named storms in less than three weeks, five of which were Cape Verde-type storms, and two of which became major hurricanes.

Seasonal forecasts

Predictions of tropical activity in the 2010 season
Source Date Named
storms 		Hurricanes Major
hurricanes
Average (1950–2005[1]) 10.3 6.2 2.7
Record high activity 28 15 8
Record low activity 4 2 0†
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
CSU December 10, 2009 11–16 9-8 3–5
CSU April 7, 2010 86 7 4
NCSU April 26, 2010 15–18 8–11 N/A
NOAA May 27, 2010 19-23 8–14 3–7
CSU June 2, 2010 18 10 5
UKMO June 17, 2010 20* N/A N/A
NOAA August 5, 2010 14–20 8–12 4–6
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Actual activity
(up to December 24) 		9 3 2
* July–November only.
† Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all)

Philip J. Klotzbach's team at Colorado State University (formerly led by William M. Gray) defined the average number of storms per season (1950 to 2000) as 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes, 2.3 major hurricanes (storms reaching at least Category 3 strength in the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) and an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of 96.1.[2] NOAA defines a season as above-normal, near-normal or below-normal by a combination of the number of named storms, the number reaching hurricane strength, the number reaching major hurricane strength and the ACE index.[3]

Pre-season forecasts

On December 9, 2009, Klotzbach's team issued their first extended-range forecast for the 2010 season, predicting average to above-average activity (11 to 16 named storms, six to eight hurricanes and three to five major hurricanes of Category 3 or higher and ACE Index of 100–162), citing that the 2009–10 El Niño event is likely to dissipate by the start of the season.[2] On April 7, 2010, Klotzbachs's team issued an updated forecast for the 2010 season, predicting above-average activity (15 named storms, eight hurricanes and four major hurricanes of Category 3 or higher), citing the dissipating 2009–10 El Niño, the possibility of current weak to moderate La Niña and warming Atlantic sea surface temperatures as potential factors.[4] North Carolina State University professor Lian Xie and a team of colleagues and students predicted that 2010 would see 15 to 18 named storms, with 8–11 potentially becoming hurricanes.[5] Xie’s team predicts that 3–6 storms will make landfall in the Gulf of Mexico, with one storm making landfall at hurricane status. However, no prediction was made for the number of major hurricanes.[5]

On May 27, 2010, NOAA released their forecast for the season, predicting an "extremely active" season (14 to 23 named storms, eight to fourteen hurricanes, and three to seven major hurricanes of Category 3 or higher). NOAA based its forecast on weaker wind shear, warmer temperatures in the region and the continuance of the "high activity era" (i.e. Atlantic multidecadal oscillation warm phase) which began in 1995. Gerry Bell, lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center, added the main uncertainty in the outlook was how much above normal the 2010 season will be, and whether the high end of the predicted range is reached "depends partly on whether or not La Niña develops this summer. At present we are in a neutral state, but conditions are becoming increasingly favorable for La Niña to develop."[6]

Mid-season outlooks

On June 2, 2010, Klotzbach's team issued their second updated forecast for the 2010 season, predicting 18 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.[7] The university said it now believes there will be more storms than they believed earlier. The university also said the chance of a major hurricane hitting the U.S. coast is 76 percent, compared to an average of 52 percent for the last 100 years. The chance of a major hurricane hitting the Florida peninsula and the U.S. east coast is 51 percent, compared to an average of 30 percent for the last 100 years.[8] On June 17, the UK Met Office (UKMO) issued a forecast of an above-average season. They predicted 20 tropical storms with a 70% chance that the number would be between 13 and 27. However, they do not issue forecasts on the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes. They also predicted an ACE Index of 204 with a 70% chance that the index would be in the range 90 to 319.[9]

On August 5, NOAA released its mid-season forecast. It was revised slightly downwards, to 14–20 named storms, 8–12 hurricanes, and 4–6 major hurricanes. The agency noted that the new estimate was revised downwards from the initial estimate since the latter included the possibility of even more early season activity. However, NOAA indicated that a La Niña event had in fact developed, and that the conditions for an active season remained in place.[10]

Storms

Hurricane Alex

Main article: Hurricane Alex (2010)
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 25 – July 2
Peak intensity105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min);
947 mbar (hPa)

On June 12, a tropical wave emerged off Western Africa, and eventually traveled along the Intertropical Convergence Zone. It was first noted by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) on June 20, while it was crossing the Windward Islands. The next day, it organized itself, and the NHC assessed a 50% chance of development into a tropical depression within next 2 days. It became less organized the next day; however, conditions were still favorable for development. On June 24, it began to reestablish south of Jamaica, although it was poorly organized. Later that day, shower activity increased, and pressures began to fall. Hurricane Hunters flew inside it the next day and found a well defined circulation, and based on that data, the NHC began issuing advisories on Tropical Depression One, the first tropical depression of the season.

Early on June 26, the NHC upgraded the depression to a tropical storm and named it Alex. Alex moved west and strengthened before making landfall in Belize with 65 mph winds on June 26. On June 27, Alex emerged into the Bay of Campeche and began to strengthen again. On June 29, after continuous drops in pressure, the Hurricane Hunters found that Alex had strong enough winds to be upgraded to hurricane status. Accordingly, late that night, Alex was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. This made the storm the first hurricane of the season, and the first June hurricane in the Atlantic since 1995's Hurricane Allison.[11]

Continuing to strengthen, Alex later went on to make landfall at peak intensity as a moderate Category 2 hurricane in Soto la Marina with an unusually low barometric pressure reading of 947 millibars (27.96 inHg), typical of a Category 3 or 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

Tropical Depression Two

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 8 – July 9
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1005 mbar (hPa)

By July 3, the day after Alex dissipated, a tropical wave was producing two areas of convection across the western Caribbean Sea.[12] The next day, the system began showing signs of organization concurrently with decreasing pressures across the region.[13] After crossing the Yucatán Peninsula and entering the Gulf of Mexico, however, the system became disorganized, although its upper-level environment was forecast to become more favorable.[14] On July 7, the convection became more concentrated,[15] and by July 8 the system organized enough for the National Hurricane Center to initiate advisories on Tropical Depression Two, about 245 miles (495 km) east of La Pesca, Tamaulipas.[16]

Upon developing, the depression was located in an area of warm water temperatures, with relatively low amounts of wind shear. Initially, its inner core of convection was diminishing, coinciding with an increase in outer banding features. With the cyclone forecast to remain over waters for about 24 hours before moving ashore, intensification to tropical storm status was forecast.[16] Tropical storm warnings were immediately put up for the coast of northeastern Mexico and South Texas, the same area impacted heavily by Alex. However, that afternoon, the depression made landfall on South Padre Island, Texas with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h), never having reached tropical storm strength.[17]

Tropical Storm Bonnie

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 22 – July 24
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);
1005 mbar (hPa)

In early July, a tropical wave emerged from Africa. On July 17, it started to show signs of development while located northeast of the Lesser Antilles. It slowly increased in organization for a few days, moving west-northwestward, until it showed signs of a closed surface circulation and on July 22, it was officially classified by the NHC as Tropical Depression Three while located over the Southeastern Bahamas. That afternoon, the NHC upgraded the tropical depression to a tropical storm and named it "Bonnie".[18]

Bonnie crossed over the Bahamas as a minimal tropical storm, and further went on to make landfall on the southeastern coast of Florida on the morning of July 23.[19] Downgraded to a tropical depression, Bonnie moved into the Gulf of Mexico on July 23.[20] Bonnie was expected to strengthen in the Gulf, bringing it close to hurricane intensity. However, on July 24, the National Hurricane Center stated that Bonnie dissipated over the northern Gulf of Mexico. The remnants of the storm moved ashore in southeastern Louisiana and southwest Mississippi early on the morning of July 25, prompting severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings in the area.

Prior to becoming a tropical depression, the precursor to Bonnie brought significant rainfall to parts of Puerto Rico and Hispanola, leading to widespread flooding. In Puerto Rico, one person drowned as a result of the floods and roughly 6,500 people required evacuation in the Dominican Republic.[21] According to officials in the Dominican Republic, the system produced more than 4 in (100 mm) of rain.[22] Several towns in the country were isolated after bridges collapsed.[21] Some flooding was also reported in the Artibonite Department of Haiti.[22] Due to the threat of a tropical storm, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency on July 22.[23]

Tropical Storm Colin

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 2 – August 8
Peak intensity60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min);
1005 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Colin (2010)

On July 29, the NHC began monitoring an area of low pressure west-southwest of the Cape Verde Islands. The system continued to organize and was upgraded to Tropical Depression Four early on August 2. Early the next day, the depression strengthened further into a tropical storm and was named "Colin". Tracking rapidly westward, the system experienced little strengthening as the unusually small storm, estimated to have gale-force winds covering an area 70 mi (110 km) in diameter, moved through a region of strong wind shear. It degenerated into an remnant low on the afternoon of August 3, however it was mentioned that regeneration into a tropical cyclone was possible.

After almost two days had passed, on August 4, the low reorganized with solid tropical storm-force winds and strong convection northeast of the Lesser Antilles but no well-defined closed circulation.[24] The circulation closed off once again on the afternoon of August 5 south of Bermuda, and Colin was once again a tropical storm. Tropical Storm Colin was downgraded to a tropical depression late morning on August 8[25] and by 2100 UTC had dissipated 60 mi (97 km) Northwest of Bermuda.

Tropical Depression Five

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 10 – August 11
Peak intensity35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1007 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Depression Five (2010)

The system originated from a weak surface low on August 9 near the east coast of Florida. Initially, development was not expected due to its close proximity to land, and strong wind shear.[26] However, it gradually became better organized, and 24 hours later the National Hurricane Center gave it a 50% chance of developing within the next two days.[27] After additional development, the low became a tropical depression late on August 10.[28] It was forecast to become a minimal tropical storm; however, it dissipated the next day. In preparation for the depression, BP suspended operations on a drill for a relief well in the Gulf of Mexico to help plug the oil leak for good.[29]

The remnants then tracked Southward, and moved back into the Gulf of Mexico. NHC stated there was an 80% chance of redevelopment. Although conditions were at first favorable for redevelopment into a tropical depression, the lingering remnant low did not reorganize itself significantly, and eventually moved onshore into Louisiana and dissipated on August 17.

Hurricane Danielle

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 21 – August 31
Peak intensity135 mph (215 km/h) (1-min);
942 mbar (hPa)

On August 19, an area of low pressure moved off the West coast of Africa. Moving through favorable conditions, it developed into Tropical Depression Six near the Cape Verde Islands on August 21, the first of the series of Cape Verde-type storms.[30] On August 22 the system attained tropical storm status, thus earning the name "Danielle". The next day it attained hurricane status, becoming the second of the season and strengthened further to a Category 2 hurricane. On August 24, Danielle suddenly weakened from a Category 2 hurricane to a Category 1 due to unexpected dry air intrusions and westerly shear. Later that day, Danielle briefly weakened to a tropical storm, before restrengthening into a Category 1 hurricane several hours later. Hours later, Danielle restrengthened into a Category 2 and developed an eye in the morning hours of August 26.

On August 27, Hurricane Danielle strengthened to a Category 3 hurricane, becoming the first major hurricane of the season, and further strengthened to a Category 4 hurricane shortly after. Danielle later weakened to a Category 3, then Category 2 hurricane, and later became a Category 1 Hurricane due to an eyewall replacement cycle, while avoiding land areas. As the storm was moving in a northerly manner, it was not expected to strengthen any more as it would be experiencing increasing wind shear and colder surface waters. It became extratropical early on August 31 southeast of Newfoundland without having directly impacted land. It was fully absorbed by a larger extratropical low on September 4 over Greenland.

One person drowned in a rip current related to the distant hurricane near Satellite Beach, Florida.[31]

Hurricane Earl

Main article: Hurricane Earl (2010)
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 25 – September 5
Peak intensity145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min);
928 mbar (hPa)

On August 22, a large and strong area of low pressure associated with broad tropical disturbance wave moved off the west coast of Africa. As it neared Cape Verde, the NHC stated there was a 90% chance of organization. Two days later on August 25, Tropical Depression 7 formed east of Hurricane Danielle. Later that day it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Earl. Unlike its predecessor, it was expected to follow a more southerly track, similar to Tropical Storm Colin in early August. After strengthening to a tropical storm, Earl maintained a minimum pressure of 1003 millibar and winds of 45 mph for nearly two days until it deepened slightly. Its winds increased to 60 mph, and remained that way for 12 hours.

On August 29, 2010 Earl strengthened to become the season's third hurricane. Earl then quickly intensified to become the season's second major hurricane on August 30. On September 1, the hurricane weakened to a Category 3 hurricane after an eyewall replacement cycle before becoming a Category 4 again. Earl then weakened back to a Category 3 and further into a Category 2 hurricane.

On September 2, Earl brushed past Cape Hatteras, with conditions being slightly less severe than expected, but still bringing very heavy rain, winds gusting up to hurricane force, and very large waves. Due to strict design requirements of buildings along Cape Hatteras, damage was minimal, with no structural damage reported along the North Carolina coast.[32]

By the following day, the storm had weakened even further to a Category 1 and changed direction to a projected path along the New England coastline. Areas such as the states of New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Southern New York experienced only minimal impact.[33] It weakened further to a tropical storm on the 3rd as it passed to the south-southeast of the New England coastline. Again, conditions were much less severe than expected near Cape Cod, with only minor flooding, beach erosion, and winds gusting up to tropical storm force.[34]

Earl made landfall in the Canadian Maritime Provinces, twice in Nova Scotia and once in Prince Edward Island (PEI) at hurricane intensity (from strong TS to low Category 1 winds). The city of Halifax and regions of the province, as well as eastern PEI, experienced many uprooted trees and power outages reminiscent of Hurricane Juan in 2003, although overall damage was considerably less.

Throughout the Caribbean, Hurricane Earl wrought up to $150 million in damage.[35]

Two deaths were directly attributable to the storm, one in Nova Scotia, one in the Leeward Islands.[36]

Tropical Storm Fiona

Main article: Tropical Storm Fiona (2010)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 30 – September 4
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
997 mbar (hPa)

An area of disturbed weather moved off the coast of Africa in the fourth week of August behind Hurricane Earl. It struggled to develop until August 30, when gale-force winds and better organization resulted in the development of Tropical Storm Fiona, skipping tropical depression status. It struggled to develop further, however, as it was hindered by high wind shear from the outflow of the much larger and stronger Earl. It managed to briefly strengthen into a 65 mph tropical storm, before slowly weakening into a minimal tropical storm. Almost no convection appeared on radar, but still maintained its tropical storm force winds. It degraded into a tropical wave just south of Bermuda early on September 4, bringing about an inch of rain. Fiona followed an extremely similar path to Tropical Storm Colin, with much of their paths overlapping.

Tropical Storm Gaston

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 1 – September 4
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);
1005 mbar (hPa)

An area of disturbed weather emerged off Africa near the end of August. Taking advantage of favorable conditions, it developed into a tropical depression on September 1. It intensified later that day to become Tropical Storm Gaston. NHC forecasted Gaston to develop into a hurricane, and then a major hurricane. However, dry air hindered development afterward and weakened it back to a tropical depression and later into a remnant low. Operationally, Gaston was believed to have remained a remnant low from September 4 through its dissipation on September 9. However, following post-storm analysis, it was found that Gaston had re-attained tropical characteristic and was considered a tropical depression for 18 hours on September 4. Gaston's remnants tracked across the Atlantic, and the NHC gave it 70%-80% chance of redeveloping. However, after it had passed the Leeward Islands, that chance dwindled, and by September 9 the remnants had all but disappeared.

Tropical Storm Hermine

Main article: Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 6 – September 9
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
991 mbar (hPa)

Following a series of Cape Verde-type storms, Hermine formed out of an area of disturbed weather in the Bay of Campeche through a combination of a surface trough and the remnants of Tropical Depression 11-E in the 2010 Pacific hurricane season.[citation needed] Organization continued and by the very early morning hours on September 6, a tropical depression formed. Later, during the morning hours, the system achieved enough organization to be classified as the eighth tropical storm of the season, and was named Hermine. Significant strengthening took place later that morning, then slow strengthening continued in the afternoon and evening. Before landfall, Hermine had an eye-like feature. Hermine made landfall that evening in northeastern Mexico, south of Matamoros, Tamaulipas, as a strong tropical storm with 65 mph winds. After landfall, Hermine maintained an eye-like feature until shortly after weakening into a depression.

Damage was reported in the Rio Grande Valley region, primarily due to downed trees and power lines and scattered to widespread power outages.[37] One woman drowned in a rip current related to Hermine in Jamaica Beach, Texas.[38] On the evening of September 7, 2010, multiple Tornado Warnings were issued in Austin, Texas, with two confirmed touchdowns east of the city and one in the city. By 10:00 PM (CDT) the NHC issued its final advisory on Hermine.[39] On September 9, Hermine became extratropical after it moved northeast.

Tropical Storm Igor

Tropical Depression Igor
Current storm status
Tropical depression (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:5 p.m. AST (2100 UTC) September 9
Location:16.0°N 26.4°W ± 50 nm
About 155 mi (255 km) WNW of S Cape Verde
Sustained winds:30 knots | 35 mph | 55 km/h (1-min mean)
gusting to 40 knots | 45 mph | 75 km/h
Pressure:1004 mbar (hPa) | 29.65 inHg
Movement:NW at 12 knots | 13 mph | 20 km/h
See more detailed information.

Following the pattern of Cape Verde-type storms, another tropical disturbance emerged off of Western Africa on September 6. It quickly organized and became a tropical depression during the very early morning hours of September 8 and soon became the ninth tropical storm of the season, Tropical Storm Igor. It formed farther to the east than the previous tropical cyclones in 2010, being named while southeast of the Cape Verde islands.

Interaction with another vigorous tropical low and eastern wind shear weakened the storm some on September 9. The interaction and weak steering currents brought the storm almost to a halt, meandering around the Cape Verde islands before weakening to a tropical depression as it absorbed the secondary low.

Current storm information

See also: Tropical cyclone warnings and watches

As of 5 p.m. AST (2100 UTC) September 9, the center of Tropical Depression Igor is located within 50 nautical miles of 16.0°N 26.4°W, about 155 mi (255 km) west-northwest of the southernmost Cape Verde islands. Maximum sustained winds are estimated to be 40 mph (65 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is estimated to be 1004 mbar (hPa; 29.65 InHg), and the system is moving northwest at 13 mph (20 km/h).

For latest official information see:

Timeline of recent events

Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)Tropical Storm Fiona (2010)Hurricane Earl (2010)Tropical Depression Five (2010)Tropical Storm Colin (2010)Hurricane Alex (2010)Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
Main article: Timeline of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season

August

August 25
  • 1200 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Seven forms southwest of Cape Verde.
  • 2100 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Seven strengthens into Tropical Storm Earl.[40]
August 26
  • 0300 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Danielle restrengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.[41]
August 27
  • 0600 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Danielle strengthens into a Category 3 hurricane, the first major hurricane of the season.
  • 0900 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Danielle strengthens into a Category 4 hurricane.[42]
August 28
  • 0600 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Danielle weakens to a Category 3 hurricane.
  • 0900 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Danielle weakens to a Category 2 hurricane.
August 29
  • 0900 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Danielle weakens to a Category 1 hurricane.
  • 1230 UTC (8:30 a.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Earl strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.[43]
  • 0300 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST) – Hurricane Earl strengthens into a Category 2 hurricane.[44]
August 30
  • 1500 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Hurricane Earl strengthens into a Category 3 hurricane.
  • 2100 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) – Hurricane Earl strengthens into a Category 4 hurricane.
  • 2100 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) – Tropical Storm Fiona forms east of the Leeward Islands.
  • 2100 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Danielle weakens to a tropical storm.
August 31
  • 0300 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT August 30) – Tropical Storm Danielle becomes extratropical southeast of Newfoundland.

September

September 1
  • 1500 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) – Tropical Depression Nine forms west-southwest of the Cape Verde islands.[45]
  • 2000 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Nine strengthens into Tropical Storm Gaston.
September 2
  • 1500 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Gaston weakens into a tropical depression.
  • 1900 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Earl weakens into a Category 3 Hurricane.
  • 2300 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Gaston degenerates into a remnant low.
September 3
  • 0000 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Earl weakens into a Category 2 hurricane.
  • 1500 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Earl weakens into a Category 1 hurricane.
September 4
  • 0000 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Fiona weakens into a tropical depression.
  • 0300 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Earl weakens into a tropical storm.
  • 0300 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Fiona weakens into a remnant low southwest of Bermuda.
  • 1400 UTC (10:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Earl makes landfall near Western Head, Nova Scotia, with 70 mph (110 km/h) winds.[46]
September 5
  • 0300 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Earl becomes post-tropical over Atlantic Canada.
September 6
  • 0300 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Ten forms in the extreme southwestern Gulf of Mexico.
  • 0900 UTC (4:00 a.m. CDT) – Tropical Depression Ten intensifies into Tropical Storm Hermine.
September 7
  • 0130 UTC (8:30 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Hermine makes landfall south of Matamoros, Tamaulipas, with 65 mph (100 km/h) winds.
September 8
  • 0000 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT) – Tropical Storm Hermine weakens into a tropical depression.
  • 1500 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Igor forms south of the Cape Verde islands.

Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE)

ACE (104kt²) (Source) — Storm:
1 Earl 27.8 6 Hermine 1.27
2 Danielle 21.8 7 Igor 0.688
3 Alex 6.78 8 Bonnie 0.368
4 Fiona 2.94 Gaston 0.368
5 Colin 1.95
Total: 63.9

The table on the right shows the ACE for each storm in the season. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is calculated for only full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength (not including subtropical storms).[47]

Storm names

The following names are available for use on named storms that form in the North Atlantic during 2010. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2011. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2016 season. This is the same list used in the 2004 season with the exception of Colin, Fiona, Igor, and Julia, which replaced the names of the four major hurricanes that made landfall in Florida in the U.S. in 2004: Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne, respectively.[48] The names Colin, Fiona and Igor were used to name storms in the Atlantic for the first time this year. Unused names are marked in gray, and names in bold are storms that are currently active.

  • Hermine
  • Igor (active)
  • Julia (unused)
  • Karl (unused)
  • Lisa (unused)
  • Matthew (unused)
  • Nicole (unused)
  • Otto (unused)
  • Paula (unused)
  • Richard (unused)
  • Shary (unused)
  • Tomas (unused)
  • Virginie (unused)
  • Walter (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of the storms in the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. This table includes the storm's names, duration, peak intensity, landfall(s), damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low. All of the damage figures are in 2010 USD.

Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

Template:TC stats table start

|- style="background:#FFD98C" ! align=left | Alex | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="June 25 , 2017" | June 25 – July 2 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="20"|Category 2 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 105 | style="text-align:center;" | 947 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall

|- style="background:#6EC1EA" ! align=left | Two | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="July 8 , 2017" | July 8 – July 9 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5"|Tropical depression | style="text-align:center;" | 35 | style="text-align:center;" | 1005 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact

|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Bonnie | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="July 22 , 2017" | July 22 – July 24 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 40 | style="text-align:center;" | 1005 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall

|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Colin | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 2 , 2017" | August 2 – August 8 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 60 | style="text-align:center;" | 1005 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact

|- style="background:#6EC1EA" ! align=left | Five | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 10 , 2017" | August 10 – August 11 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5"|Tropical depression | style="text-align:center;" | 35 | style="text-align:center;" | 1007 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact

|- style="background:#FF738A" ! align=left | Danielle | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 21 , 2017" | August 21 – August 31 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="40"|Category 4 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 135 | style="text-align:center;" | 942 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact

|- style="background:#FF738A" ! align=left | Earl | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 25 , 2017" | August 25 – September 5 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="40"|Category 4 hurricane | style="text-align:center;" | 145 | style="text-align:center;" | 928 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall Template:TC stats next landfall

|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Fiona | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="August 30 , 2017" | August 30 – September 4 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 65 | style="text-align:center;" | 997 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact

|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Gaston | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 1 , 2017" | September 1 – September 4 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 40 | style="text-align:center;" | 1005 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats no landfall Template:TC stats impact

|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Hermine | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 6 , 2017" | September 6 – September 9 | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 65 | style="text-align:center;" | 991 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact

|- style="background:#4DFFFF" ! align=left | Igor | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="September 8 , 2017" | September 8 – Still Active | style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"|Tropical storm | style="text-align:center;" | 45 | style="text-align:center;" | 1004 | style="text-align:left;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" | {{{areas}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{damage}}} | style="text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value=""| {{{deaths}}} | style="text-align:right;background:#FFFFFF; color:black" data-sort-value="0"| Template:TC stats first landfall Template:TC stats impact Template:TC stats table end

See also

References

  1. ^ "Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season". Expert Assessments. Climate Prediction Center. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  2. ^ a b Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2009-12-10). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2010" (PDF). Colorado State University. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
  3. ^ National Hurricane Center (May 22, 2008). "NOAA Atlantic Hurricane Season Classifications". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
  4. ^ Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2010-04-10). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2010" (PDF). Colorado State University. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  5. ^ a b Peake, Tracey (April 26, 2010). "NC State Predicts Active Atlantic Hurricane Season for 2010". Lian Xie, Montserrat Fuentes, Danny Modlin. North Carolina State University. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  6. ^ National Hurricane Center (May 27, 2010). "NOAA Expects Busy Atlantic Hurricane Season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
  7. ^ Kate Spinner (June 2, 2010). "Klotzbach and Gray up their forecast for hurricane season". The Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved June 2, 2010. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2010-06-02). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2010" (PDF). Colorado State University. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  9. ^ "Active hurricane season predicted". 17 June 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  10. ^ "NOAA Still Expects Active Atlantic Hurricane Season; [[La Niña]] Develops". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2010-08-05. Retrieved 2010-08-05. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  11. ^ Brian K. Sullivan (2010-06-30). "Hurricane Alex Gathers Strength as It Nears Mexico". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
  12. ^ Robbie Berg (2010-07-03). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  13. ^ Blake/Kimberlain (2010-07-04). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  14. ^ Stewart/Cangialosi (2010-07-05). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  15. ^ Eric Brown (2010-07-07). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  16. ^ a b Stewart/Cangialosi (2010-07-08). "Tropical Depression Two Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  17. ^ Hurricane EARL Update Statement
  18. ^ "Tropical Depression 3 becomes Bonnie". NHC. July 22, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
  19. ^ CNN Wire Staff (2010-07-23). "Tropical Storm Bonnie makes landfall in Florida". CNN. Retrieved 2010-07-23. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  20. ^ Dishneau, David; Weber, Harry R. (2010-07-24). "Ships prepare to return to spill as storm weakens". The Sun News. Associated Press. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
  21. ^ a b Template:Es icon Associated Press (July 22, 2010). "Se forma tormenta tropical Bonnie". Impre. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
  22. ^ a b Associated Press (July 23, 2010). "Bonnie Hits Florida on Way to Gulf". CBS News. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
  23. ^ Staff Writer (July 22, 2010). "Tropical Storm Bonnie forms in the central Bahamas". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
  24. ^ "NHC Graphical Outlook Archive". US National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  25. ^ "All Products by Site - NOAA's National Weather Service". US National Weather Service. 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  26. ^ Stacy Stewart (8-09-2010). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 8-10-2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  27. ^ Stacy Stewart (8-09-2010). "Tropical Weather Outlook (2)". National Hurricane center. Retrieved 8-10-2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  28. ^ "Tropical Depression Five forms". NHC. August 11, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
  29. ^ "BP suspends Relief well drilling". The Wall Street Journal. 8-10-2010. Retrieved 8-10-2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  30. ^ Blake (August 21, 2010). "Tropical Depression Six Discussion Number 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  31. ^ Moody (August 28, 2010). "Police ID surfer's body found near Satellite Beach". Florida Today. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  32. ^ 3:21 p.m. Today3:21 p.m. Sept. 8, 2010. "Hurricane Earl spares insurers". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2010-09-09. {{cite web}}: Text "Comments: 2" ignored (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ Dorell, Oren (2010-09-03). "Weakening Hurricane Earl takes aim at New England". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  34. ^ Adrian Walker (2010-09-04). "Earl doesn't lay a glove on Mass". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  35. ^ Anthony R. Wood and Jacqueline L. Urgo (September 2, 2010). "Hurricane Earl likely to spare Jersey Shore". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
  36. ^ Tara Brautigam The Canadian Press (2010-09-04). "Man drowns as Hurricane Earl barrels through Maritimes". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  37. ^ "Hermine Leaves Damage in its Wake". KTSM News Channel 9. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  38. ^ "National Weather Service Watch Warning Advisory Summary". US National Weather Service. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  39. ^ "Final advisory on Hermine". NHC. September 7, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
  40. ^ "TD7 Named Earl". NHC. August 25, 2010. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  41. ^ "Danielle Cat2 Hurricane again". NHC. August 25, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
  42. ^ "Danielle reaches Category Four". NHC. August 27, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  43. ^ "Hurricane Earl Update Statement". NHC. August 29, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  44. ^ "Hurricane Earl now a Cat 2". NHC. August 29, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
  45. ^ "Tropical Depression Nine Forms". NHC. September 1, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
  46. ^ "Hurricane Earl makes landfall near Western Head". NHC. September 4, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
  47. ^ National Hurricane Center (May 27, 2010). "Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
  48. ^ "Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 29 November 2009.

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