Joachim Gans
Joachim Gans (other spellings: Jeochim, Jochim, Gaunz, Ganse, Gaunse) was a Bohemian mining expert and renowned for being the first recorded Jew to live in North America.[1]
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Gans was born in Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia and was therefore most likely related to David Gans, who settled there in 1564.[2] He is first mentioned in his professional capacity at Keswick, Cumberland, in 1581.
He introduced a new process for the "making of Copper, vitriall, and Coppris, and smeltinge of Copper and leade ures."[3] Gans figured in the English state papers of the reign of Elizabeth I and a full description of his operations is preserved in these documents.[3] Gans' most dramatic scientific discovery was to reduce the time to purify a batch of copper ore from sixteen weeks to just four days.[4][5] Additionally, Gans was able to use the impurities removed from the copper ore in textile dyes.
These discoveries along with the general body of his scientific work led to a degree of fame. [citation needed] It is likely that Gans served as the model for the heroic Jewish scientist, Joabin, in English Lord Chancellor Francis Bacon's utopian novel, The New Atlantis.[5]
Colonization of America
Gans became the first Bohemian and the first recorded Jew in colonial America when in 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh recruited him to join an expedition to found a permanent settlement in the Virginia territory of the New World.
Sir Richard Grenville, leader of the Raleigh-funded expedition to the New World, founded the Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island off the coast of modern North Carolina in 1585. Among the ruins at the Roanoke site, archaeologists have discovered lumps of smelted copper and a goldsmith’s crucible attributed to Gans' work at the colony.[citation needed] Because the royal mining company failed to resupply colonists who were also becoming increasingly fearful of conflicts with the Indians, they accepted an offer from Sir Francis Drake in June 1586 to sail them to England. Each of the colonists, including Gans, left North America.
Later life and trial for blasphemy
Gans moved to the town of Bristol where he gave Hebrew lessons to English gentlemen who wanted to read the Bible in its original tongue. In 1589, Bishop of Chichester Richard Curteys visited Gans who in speaking "in the Hebrue tonge," proclaimed himself a Jew. Bishop Curteys asked Gans, "Do you deny Jesus Christ to be the Son of God?" Gans replied, "What needeth the almighty God to have a son, is he not almighty?"[citation needed]
Gans was brought before the mayor and aldermen of Bristol for "blasphemy." Rather than deal with this Jew who was connected to the Royal Mining Company, Bristol’s town fathers referred his case to the Queen’s Privy Council, which included major investors of the Royal Mining Company.[citation needed] Gans was transported back to London for their judgment.
Francis Walsingham, who was then joint principal secretary, was a former employer of Gans, and other members of the council also knew him.[citation needed]
The council appears to have taken no hostile action, however, although the trial's outcome and all subsequent history of Gans is not apparent as there is no available information.
References
- ^ Part 2 - The First Jew To Live In North America
- ^ JewishEncyclopedia.com - GAUNSE (Gaunz, Ganse, Gans), JOACHIM (Jeochim, Jochim):
- ^ a b Calendar of State Papers Domestic, Elizabeth, 1581-90 (1865), vol. 152: March 1582, No. 88
- ^ The First Jew in America
- ^ a b Joachim Gaunse
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)