Northrop F-5
| F-5 Freedom Fighter | ||
|---|---|---|
| File:Caf.f5.750pix.jpg Canadian Air Force CF-116 Freedom Fighters | ||
| Technical specifications (for the F-5 Tiger II) | ||
| Description | ||
| Role | Light tactical fighter | |
| Crew | 1 | |
| Dimensions | ||
| Length | 47 ft 4.75 in | 14.45 m |
| Wingspan (without AAMs) |
26 ft 8 in | 8.13 m |
| Wingspan (with AAMs) |
28 ft | 8.5 3m |
| Height | 13 ft 4.5 in | 4.08 m |
| Wing area | 186 ft² | 17.28 m² |
| Weights | ||
| Empty | 9,558 lb | 4,349 kg |
| Loaded | ||
| Maximum take-off | 24,664 lb | 11,187 kg |
| Fuel | ||
| Internal | 677 US gal | 2,563 L |
| External (up to 3 drop tanks) |
275 US gal per tank | 1,040 L per tank |
| Powerplant | ||
| Engines | 2 × General Electric J85-GE-21B | |
| Thrust (dry) | 3,500 lbf | 15.5 kN |
| Thrust (afterburner) | 5,000 lbf | 22.2 kN |
| Performance | ||
| Maximum speed | 917 knots | 1,700 km/h |
| Combat radius | 760 nautical miles | 1,405 km |
| Ferry range | 2,010 nautical miles | 3,720 km |
| Service ceiling | 51,800 ft | 15,800 m |
| Rate of climb | 34,400 ft/min | 10,500 m/min |
| Armament | ||
| Guns | 2 x 20 mm Pontiac M39A2 cannon with 280 rounds per gun | |
| Bombs | Up to 7000 lb (3180 kg) mixed M129 Leaflet 500 lb (225 kg) Mk82 2000 lb (900 kg) Mk84 CBU-24/49/52/58 Cluster | |
| Missiles | AIM-7 Sparrow AIM-9 Sidewinder AGM-65 Maverick AIM-120 AMRAAM Python-3 (on Thailand's upgrade F-5T) and Python-4 (on Singapore's upgraded F-5S/T and Thailand's upgrade F-5T) | |
The F-5 Freedom Fighter (or Tiger II) is a fighter aircraft, designed and built by Northrop in the USA, beginning in 1962.
Originally designed by Northrop (designated N-156) as a low-cost, low-maintenance fighter, there was little market for such a craft. The U.S. Army expressed interest in it for ground support, but operating fixed-wing aircraft was a U.S. Air Force responsibility and the Air Force would neither agree to operate the N-156 nor to allow the Army to operate fixed-wing combat aircraft. The F-5 proved to be a successful combat aircraft that never entered frontline service with the US due to diverging priorities of the US services.
When the Military Assistance Program under the Kennedy Administration needed a low cost fighter for distribution to less-developed nations, the N-156F was at the top of the pile, and subsequently became the F-5A. The first contract for the production F-5A was issued in 1962, the first overseas order coming from Norway in February 1964. 636 F-5As were built before production ended in 1972. These were accompanied by 200 two-seat F-5B aircraft. These were operational trainers, lacking the nose-mounted cannon but otherwise combat-capable.
The USAF made a combat evaluation of the F-5A under the Skoshi Tiger (little tiger) program in 1965. 12 aircraft were delivered for trials to the 4503rd Tactical Fighter Wing (subsequently the 10th Fighter Commando Squadron), redesignated F-5C. They performed combat duty in Vietnam, flying more than 3,500 sorties from the 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing at Bien Hoa in South Vietnam. Two aircraft were lost in combat. The program was short-lived, more a political gesture than a serious consideration of the type for U.S. service. The 10th FCS's surviving aircraft were subsequently turned over to the air force of South Vietnam. Ironically, when Bien Hoa was later overrun by Communist forces, several of the aircraft were captured and used operationally by the NVAF, in particular against China.
In 1970 Northrop won a competition for an improved International Fighter Aircraft (IFA) to replace the F-5A. The resultant aircraft, initially known as F-5A-21, subsequently became the F-5E. It was lengthened and enlarged, with increased wing area and more sophisticated avionics, initially with an Emerson AN/APQ-159 radar (the F-5A and -B had no radar). Various specific avionics fits could be accommodated at customer request. A two-seat combat-capable trainer, the F-5F, was offered. Unlike the gunless F-5B, it retained a single M39 cannon in the nose, albeit with a reduced ammunition capacity. A reconnaissance version, the RF-5E Tigereye, with a sensor package in the nose displacing the radar and one cannon, was also offered.
The F-5E eventually received the official popular name Tiger II. It is sometimes incorrectly thought to be the only aircraft designated as its own replacement; in fact, the previous "Tiger" was the Grumman F11F/F-11. The AV-8B Harrier II, which followed the AV-8A/C Harrier, is the only aircraft to have truly been designated as its own replacement.
Northrop built 792 F-5Es, 140 F-5Fs and 12 RF-5Es. More were built under license overseas: 56 F-5Es and -Fs plus 5 RF-5Es in Malaysia (they plan to sell them after being upgraded), 90 F-5Es and -Fs in Switzerland (of which some are currently rented to Austria to bridge the gap between the retirement of the Saab Draken fleet and the delivery of new Eurofighter jets), 68 in South Korea, and 380 in Taiwan.
Various F-5 versions remain in service with many nations. The most advanced are those of Singapore, which has approximately 49 modernised and re-designated F-5S (single-seaters) and F-5T (two-seaters) aircraft. Upgrades include new radar, manufactured by Israel, updated cockpits with multi-function displays, and compatibility with the Rafael Python and AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles.
Although the United States does not use the F-5 in a frontline role, it was adopted for an opposing-forces (OPFOR) "aggressor" training role because of its performance similarities to the Soviet MiG-21. A trainer version, the T-38 Talon, was adopted by the U.S. Air Force as a pilot's first introduction to supersonic flight.
The F-5E saw service with the US Air Force from 1975 until 1990, serving in the 64th Aggressor Squadron and 65th Aggressor Squadron at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada, and with the 527th Aggressor Squadron at Alconbury RAF Base in the UK and the 26th Aggressor Squadron at Clark AB in the Phillipines. The Marines purchased ex-USAF models in 1989 to replace their F-21s. Serving with VMFT-401 at Yuma MCAS, the F-5 fleet continues to be modernized with F-5N replacements purchased from Switzerland. The US Navy used the F-5E extensively at The Naval Fighter Weapons School atNAS Miramar, VF-127, VF-43 and VF-45. Currently, the only Navy unit flying the F-5 is VFC-13 at Fallon NAS in Nevada.
Northrop attempted to develop an advanced version of the F-5E, originally designated F-5G, as an export competitor for the F-16. The -5G was later redesignated the F-20 Tigershark.
The F/A-18 Hornet was derived from the YF-17 Cobra, which in turn was based in part on the F-5 Tiger II.
Foreign variations
Iran has reverse engineered its F-5 fighters supplied to it before the Iranian Revolution and developed two indiginous fighters: the Saeqeh Fighter and the Azarakhsh Fighter.
Use in fiction
- Apocalypse Now features 4-5 aircraft dropping Napalm on a battlefield. These undoubtedly belonged to the Phillippine Air Force, who provided numerous aircraft (including helicopters) for the film. Interestingly, the aircraft are portrayed as American in the film.
- Top Gun features a number of F-5s as the fictional MiG-28 that battle against US Navy F-14s.
- Shin Kazama of Area 88 acquired an F-5 after his F-8 Crusader was destroyed.
- F-5s are featured in the videogames Ace Combat 04 and Ace Combat 5.
Operators
- Austria, Bahrain, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ethiopia, Greece, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, South Vietnam, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United States (Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps), Venezuela, Yemen,
 |
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Northrop F-5 Freedom Fighter. |
| Related content | |
|---|---|
| Related development |
T-38 - F-20 - X-29 - IAMI Azarakhsh |
| Similar aircraft | |
| Designation series | |
| Related lists | List of military aircraft of the United States - List of fighter aircraft |