2,4-Dinitrotoluene
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
1-methyl-2,4-dinitro benzene
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.046 |
PubChem CID
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| UN number | raztopljen: 1600 tekoč ali trden: 2038 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C7H6N2O4 | |
| Molar mass | 182.134 g/mol |
| Appearance | Pale yellow to orange crystalline solid |
| Density | 1.52 g/cm3[1] |
| Melting point | 70 °C[1] |
| Boiling point | Dekompresija pri 250–300 °C[1] |
| Explosive data | |
| Shock sensitivity | Insensitive |
| Friction sensitivity | Very low |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) or Dinitro is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)(NO2)2. This pale yellow crystalline solid is well known as a precursor to trinitrotoluene (TNT) but is mainly used in the polymer industry.
Isomers of dinitrotoluene
Six isomers are possible for dinitrotoluene. The most common one is 2,4-dinitrotoluene.
The nitration of toluene gives sequentially mononitrotoluene, DNT, and finally TNT. 2,4-DNT is the principal product from dinitration, the other main product being about 30% 2,6-DNT. The nitration of 4-nitrotoluene gives 2,4-DNT.[2]
Applications
Most DNT is used in the production of toluene diisocyanate which is used to produce flexible polyurethane foams. DNT is hydrogenated to produce toluenediamine, which in turn is phosgenated to form toluene diisocyanate. Other uses include the explosives industry. It is not used by itself as an explosive, but some of the production is converted to TNT.
Dinitrotoluene is frequently used as a plasticizer, deterrent coating, and burn rate modifier in propellants (e.g. smokeless gunpowders). As it is carcinogenic and toxic, modern formulations tend to avoid its use. In this application it is often used together with dibutyl phthalate.[citation needed]
Toxicity
Dinitrotoluenes are highly toxic with a TLV of 1.5 mg/m3. It converts hemoglobin into methemoglobin.
References
- ^ a b c
{{GESTIS}}:|ZVG=missing in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:GESTIS): "ZVG" Error in template * unknown parameter name (Template:GESTIS): "Datum" - ^ Gerald Booth (2007). "Nitro Compounds, Aromatic". In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons: New York. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_411
