Help:IPA/Spanish
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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Spanish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Spanish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Spanish.
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Notes
- Other than in loanwords (e.g. hámster; hachís; hawaiano), the letter ‹h› is always silent in Spanish except in a few dialects that retain it as [h] or [x] (halar / jalar; Sáhara).[14]
- ^ a b c d /b/, /d/, /ʝ/ and /ɡ/ are approximants ([β̞], [ð̞], [ʝ˕] [ɣ˕]; represented here without the undertacks) in all places except after a pause, after an /n/ or /m/, or—in the case of /d/ and /ʝ/—after an /l/, in which contexts they are stops [b, d, ɟʝ, ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, j, g.(Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003:257-8).
- ^ The phoneme /f/ is often pronounced as [ɸ], with the lips touching each other rather than the front teeth.
- ^ In metropolitan areas of the Iberian Peninsula and some Central American countries, /ʎ/ has merged into /ʝ/; the actual realization depends on dialect. In Rioplatense Spanish, it has become [ʃ] or [ʒ]. see yeísmo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
- ^ a b c d The nasal consonants /n, m, ɲ/ only contrast before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation. This is partially reflected in the orthography. Word-finally, only /n/ occurs.
- ^ a b The rhotic consonants /ɾ/ ‹r› and /r/ ‹rr› only contrast between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution as ‹r›, with [r] occurring word-initially, after /l/, /n/, and /s/, before consonants, and word-finally; [ɾ] is found elsewhere.
- ^ For many speakers, /s/ may debuccalize or be deleted in the syllable coda (at the end of words and before consonants).
- ^ In Andalusia, Canary Islands, and Latin America /θ/ has merged into /s/; see ceceo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
- ^ For many speakers, the ‹j› is silent at the end of a word, in which case reloj is pronounced [reˈlo].
- ^ Allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants.
- ^ The marginal phonemes are found in loanwords, largely from Basque, English, and Nahuatl
- ^ The Spanish /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of pay (for most English dialects) and the vowel of bed; the Spanish vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- ^ The Spanish /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of code (for most English dialects) and the vowel of raw; the Spanish vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- ^ In English, something similar to /eu/ is sometimes heard for "oh" in exaggerations of the Queen's English by American comedians such as Carol Burnett.
- ^ "Grapheme h". Diccionario panhispánico de dudas. Real Academia Española.
See also
References
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259
External links
 | This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. (September 2010) |
- Animations and video demonstrations of the IPA for Spanish by The Departments of Spanish and Portuguese, German, Speech Pathology and Audiology, and Academic Technologies at the University of Iowa.