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Arkham Asylum

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For the comic book, see Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth. For the video game, see Batman: Arkham Asylum. For the board game feature, see Arkham Horror.

Template:Infobox comics location

The Elizabeth Arkham Asylum for the Criminally Insane, commonly referred to simply as Arkham Asylum, is a fictional psychiatric hospital in the DC Comics Universe, usually appearing in stories featuring Batman. Many psychopathic criminals from across the DC Universe, mostly from Batman's own rogues gallery (such as the Joker, Poison Ivy, the Riddler, Two-Face, the Scarecrow, Killer Croc, Black Mask, and Harley Quinn) have been imprisoned within the Asylum and also escaped from it. The Arkham Asylum is named after the fictional city of Arkham, Massachusetts, found in many of H.P. Lovecraft's short horror and science fiction stories, such as "The Colour Out of Space".

History

Arkham Asylum is located on the outskirts of Gotham City and is where those of Batman's foes considered to be legally insane are incarcerated (other foes are incarcerated at Blackgate Penitentiary). Although it has had numerous administrators, recent comic books have featured Jeremiah Arkham. Inspired by the works of H. P. Lovecraft, and in particular his fictional city of Arkham, Massachusetts,[1] the asylum was created by Dennis O'Neil and first appeared in Batman #258 (October 1974); much of its back-story was created by Len Wein during the 1980s.

Arkham Asylum does not have a good record, at least with regard to the high profile cases (most notably the Joker who is frequently shown escaping at will); and those who are 'cured' and released tend to re-offend. Furthermore, several staff members, including directors Dr. Amadeus Arkham (Founder) and Dr. Jeremiah Arkham, as well as staff members Dr. Harleen Quinzel, Lyle Bolton and, in some incarnations, Drs. Jonathan Crane and Hugo Strange, have committed serious crimes.

In addition, prisoners with unusual medical conditions that prevent them from staying in a regular prison are housed there. For example, Mr. Freeze is not always depicted as insane, but he requires a strongly refrigerated environment to stay alive; Arkham, with special conditions required for certain patients or inmates being a regularity rather than exception, is potentially seen by authorities to be an ideal location under certain circumstances.

Gotham criminals deemed "criminally insane" or "mentally unfit" by the court of law generally are treated at Williams Medical Center before being deemed dangerous enough to be sent to Arkham Asylum.[2]

Origins

Just outside Gotham City, Arkham Asylum has a long and brutal history, beginning when its own architect went mad, hacking his workers to death with an axe. He was convicted and sentenced to spend the rest of his life in the same dark halls that had sent him over the brink.[2] The one-shot graphic novel Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth establishes that the asylum was named after Elizabeth Arkham, the mother of founder Amadeus Arkham. The original name of the asylum was "Arkham Hospital." Its dark history began in the early 1900s when Arkham's mother, having suffered from mental illness most of her life, committed suicide (however, it was later revealed that her son actually euthanized her, and repressed the memory). Then, Amadeus Arkham decided, as the sole heir to the Arkham estate, to remodel his family home in order to properly treat the mentally ill, so others might not suffer the fate that his mother did. Prior to the period of the hospital's remodeling, Amadeus Arkham treated patients at the State Psychiatric Hospital in Metropolis, where he, his wife, Constance, and his daughter, Harriet, had been living for quite some time. Upon telling his family of his plans, they moved back to his family home to oversee the remodeling. While there, Amadeus Arkham received a call from the police notifying him that Mad Dog, a serial killer, referred to Amadeus Arkham by Metropolis Penitentiary while at State Psychiatric Hospital, had escaped from prison, and sought his considered opinion on the murderer's state of mind. Shortly afterward, Amadeus Arkham returned to his home to find his front door wide open. Inside, he discovered the corpses of his wife and daughter in an upstairs room, with Mad Dog's alias carved on Harriet's body. Despite this family tragedy, the Elizabeth Arkham Asylum For The Criminally Insane officially opened that November. One of its first patients was Mad Dog, whom Amadeus Arkham insisted on personally treating. After treating Mad Dog for six months, Amadeus Arkham strapped him to an electroshock couch then deliberately and purposefully electrocuted him. The death was treated as an accident but contributed to Amadeus Arkham's gradual descent into madness, which he began to believe was his birthright. Eventually, Amadeus Arkham was incarcerated in his own asylum, where he died.

Publication history

Arkham Asylum first appeared in 1974, in Batman #258 by Dennis O'Neil. In this story, it is named as "Arkham Hospital" (although it is not clear what kind of hospital it is); "Arkham Asylum" first appeared in another O'Neil story the following year, but it was not until 1979 that "Arkham Asylum" completely replaced "Arkham Hospital" (and the occasional "Arkham Sanitarium") as the institution's name. By 1979, too, the move to have the asylum closer to Gotham had begun; that was completed in 1980, when Batman #326 by Len Wein described the asylum's location "deep in the suburbs of Gotham City" (perhaps for this reason Batman #326 is listed in some histories as the first appearance of Arkham Asylum). It was also Wein who, in 1985's Who's Who #1, created its current backstory.

Arkham Asylum has been demolished or destroyed several times in its history, notably during the events of Batman: The Last Arkham (see below). It is also seriously damaged at the beginning of the Knightfall storyline, when Bane uses stolen munitions to blow up the facility and release all the inmates. After these events, the asylum is relocated to a large mansion known as "Mercey Mansion". At the beginning of the No Man's Land storyline, the asylum is closed down and all its inmates set free (a timer is used to open the doors two minutes before the city is sealed). This is orchestrated by the administrator himself, who had the choice of releasing the inmates or watching them all starve or kill each other. In the middle of the story, it is revealed that Batman has established a hidden base within the sub-basement of the asylum during the Prodigal storyline known as "Northwest Batcave." [3]

During the No Man's Land storyline, the Joker and Harley Quinn take over Arkham. With the sole exception of the Riddler, the inmates elect to remain in the cut-off Gotham City.

After the events of the Sinestro Corps War when Amon Sur is murdered, the Sinestro Corps ring seeks a replacement sentient from Sector 2814 and travels to the asylum where it chooses the Scarecrow. They nearly induct him into the Sinestro Corps before they are foiled by Hal Jordan and John Stewart.[4]

After Batman's disappearance due to the events of Batman R.I.P. and Final Crisis, Black Mask frees the inmates from Arkham as they are being transferred at the start of Battle for the Cowl. He declares himself their new leader, proving his power by blowing up the asylum.[5]

In the Battle for the Cowl one-shot, Dr. Arkham wanders among the remains of the asylum as he muses on his life. He reveals that he has discovered blueprints created by his ancestor, the first Dr. Arkham, for a new Arkham Asylum. He also contemplates the fates of his own nonviolent, "special" patients: an artist with almost no facial features who must paint facial expressions onto his almost blank face to express himself; a man obsessed with his own reflection in a series of mirrors in his room; and a woman supposedly so ugly, one glance at her face would drive anyone insane. Upon discovering his "special" patients (unharmed from the destruction thanks to their secluded cells), Arkham resolves to rebuild the facility according to his ancestor's vision, but to serve as a literal asylum for mentally ill patients in order to shelter them from the outside world. However, when told to be happy with the new development, the artist secretly paints his face white with a hideous grin, reminiscent of the Joker; it is implied that the "special" inmates, as well as Arkham himself, have given in to madness.

In the Arkham Reborn mini-series, Arkham Asylum is rebuilt and financed by Dr. Arkham.[6] But in Batman #697, Dr. Arkham is revealed to be the new Black Mask and is imprisoned in his own asylum. It was also revealed during Arkham Reborn, that as both Dr. Arkham and Black Mask, he had begun to manipulate patients, a plotline that culminated in Detective Comics with Alyce Sinner becoming the new head of the facility, but secretly working with Arkham/Black Mask. It was also revealed that the "special" patients were figments of Arkham's imagination.

Staff

  • Dr. Amadeus Arkham: Founder of the asylum, Amadeus named the institution after his deceased mother Elizabeth.
  • Dr. Harleen Quinzel: A former psychiatric intern, Quinzel was seduced by the Joker and adopted the supervillain name "Harley Quinn".
  • Dr. Jeremiah Arkham: Nephew of Amadeus Arkham, Jeremiah was the head of the asylum in current continuity until recently, in which he too went insane and became the second Black Mask.
  • Dr. Charles Cavendish: Administrator of the facility in Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth.
  • CO Aaron Cash: One of Arkham's most respected security guards. His hand was bitten off by Killer Croc,[7] and he sports a prosthetic hook in its place. Unlike many of his colleagues, Cash is neither insane nor corrupt, and is a trusted ally of Batman.
  • Dr. Alyce Sinner: Chosen by Jeremiah Arkham as his second in command, and briefly committed under Arkham's orders, Sinner became head of the asylum after Arkham was revealed as Black Mask. She is secretly a member of Intergang's Church of Crime, working with Black Mask.
  • Dr. Joan Leland: Seen in the animated series as a job-mentor of sorts to Harley Quinn on her first day.

Inmates

File:BATMAN SHADOW OF THE BAT 82.jpg
Some of Arkham's inmates. Cover to Batman: Shadow of the Bat #82 (1999). Art by Glen Orbik.

Originally, Arkham Asylum is used only to house genuinely insane patients having no connection to Batman, but over the course of the 1980s a trend was established of having the majority of Batman's supervillain opponents end up at Arkham. Nearly all of Batman's enemies have spent some time in Arkham.

Other DC Universe publications that feature Arkham Asylum and its inmates include Alan Moore's Swamp Thing (wherein Jason Woodrue aka The Floronic Man is detained) and The Sandman by Neil Gaiman, wherein Doctor Destiny escapes to wreak havoc on both the real and dream worlds.

Arkham has also been featured in varying capacities in a number of high profile DC miniseries events, such as Identity Crisis, Day of Vengeance, Countdown, and Crisis on Infinite Earths among others.

List of notable inmates

Others

Graphic novels featuring Arkham Asylum

The Dark Knight Returns

Main article: The Dark Knight Returns

The Dark Knight Returns, written by Frank Miller, takes place about 10 years after Batman "retires". It depicts an "Arkham Home for the Emotionally Troubled", presumably a renaming of the asylum which occurs as a result of the extreme political correctness which had evolved in Miller's dystopian setting. The Joker is housed there, catatonic since Batman's disappearance, but awakens when the vigilante resumes action. Under the employ of the home is Bartholemew Wolper, a condescending psychologist who treats the Joker humanely, even going so far to arrange for him to appear on a late night talk show, while arguing that Batman himself is responsible for the crimes his enemies commit by encouraging their existence (Despite such factors as Harvey Dent becoming Two-Face again before Batman returned to action); Wolper is killed when the Joker uses his lethal gas on the talk show audience.

In the sequel entitled The Dark Knight Strikes Again it is revealed that the patients have taken over and have resorted to cannibalism. Plastic Man is one of the more notable patients in this version of Arkham Asylum.

Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth

Main article: Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth

Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth is an original graphic novel written by Grant Morrison and painted by Dave McKean. It was published by DC Comics in 1989. The book sold over 500,000 and was for many years DC's best-selling graphic novel. [citation needed]

The book was praised for its exploration of ideas, storytelling, and unconventional artwork and also proved financially and artistically lucrative for Morrison. [citation needed]

Batman: The Last Arkham

Main article: Batman: The Last Arkham

Written by Alan Grant; pencils by Norm Breyfogle.

Originally a four-issue storyline that kicked off the Shadow of the Bat series. In it, the old Arkham Asylum is destroyed, to be replaced by a new and more modern facility. The story introduces Jeremiah Arkham, the asylum's director, and nephew of Amadeus Arkham; and serial killer Victor Zsasz. In an attempt to discover how criminals, specifically Zsasz, keep escaping, Batman has himself committed to the asylum. Jerimiah uses various methods, such as unleashing many inmates on Batman at once, in an attempt to see what makes him tick.

This story makes a few passing references to the flashback events of Arkham Asylum, such as Amadeus Arkham taping over the mirror, and his journal is shown early in the story. Jeremiah also mentions his relative's descent into madness.

An episode of Batman: The Animated Series titled "Dreams in Darkness", also about Batman in Arkham, seems[original research?] to have been a very loose adaptation of this storyline, replacing Zsasz with the Scarecrow, and replacing Jeremiah Arkham with a more nondescript administrator, who is portrayed as naïve rather than sinister.

Arkham Asylum: Living Hell

Living Hell was written by Dan Slott, penciled by Ryan Sook with inks by Sook, Wade Von Grawbadger and Jim Royal. The series was edited by Valerie D'Orazio. Eric Powell created the painted cover art which appeared on both the original series and graphic novel compilation.

This six-issue miniseries and the subsequent trade paperback provided an intricate and multi-layered look at Arkham Asylum from several points of view: the director (Dr. Jeremiah Arkham), a psychiatrist (Dr. Anne Carver), the guards (particularly one Aaron Cash), and the inmates. There is a particular focus on previously-unknown residents: Jane Doe (a cypher who assumes the identities of those she kills), Junkyard Dog (a man obsessed with trash), Doodlebug (an artist who uses blood in his paintings), Lunkhead (a hulking bruiser), Death Rattle (a cult leader who speaks to the dead), and Humpty Dumpty (an obese idiot savant obsessed with taking apart and repairing various objects, often resulting in disaster). The driving force is the recent incarceration of a ruthless investor, Warren "The Great White Shark" White, as well as the demonic element suggested by the title. White, facing charges of massive fraud, pleads insanity and has himself committed to Arkham. He soon realizes the horrors of the place and tries to survive. Ultimately, he is locked in a freezer and suffers facial wounds. He now resembles his nickname. The demonic threat is nullified after the sacrifice of several patients.

The most familiar characters, such as the Joker, Commissioner Gordon, Batgirl, and Batman himself, appear for a few pages apiece.

Black Orchid

Black Orchid, written by Neil Gaiman and illustrated by Dave McKean, also featured Arkham Asylum. The award-winning graphic novel introduced an updated version of the crimefighter Black Orchid, who dies, is reborn and starts a quest to find her identity. During this she encounters Batman, who directs her to Arkham Asylum, where she meets The Mad Hatter, Poison Ivy, Two-Face and the Joker. Arkham is viewed as a desperate place where inmates dwell in madness and terror, much in the same fashion as in A Serious House on Serious Earth (also illustrated by McKean).

Arkham Reborn

Arkham Reborn is a three-part mini-series written by David Hine and Illustrated by Jeremy Haun. It tells the story of the rebuilding of the Asylum after being destroyed by the Black Mask during the events of "Battle for the Cowl".

In Batman #697, reveals that Dr. Jeremiah Arkham is the new Black Mask. More is revealed about Dr. Jeremiah Arkham in Detective Comics #864 and #865.

Batman: The Man Who Laughs

Main article: Batman: The Man Who Laughs

The Man Who Laughs is a one-shot prestige format comic book written by Ed Brubaker and illustrated by Doug Mahnke and Patrick Zircher, released in February 2005. The comic reveals some of the asylum's dark history (see origins). As a reporter reports on the asylum's renovation, the Joker poisons her and the crew, stealing the news van to broadcast whenever he wants. He later releases criminally insane patients at Williams Medical Center, who, in a short number of weeks, would have been transferred to Arkham Asylum. In the end, Joker is defeated and he himself locked behind bars, in a straightjacket at Arkham.

The graphic novel was reprinted with Detective Comics #784-786–a storyline entitled "Made of Wood," also written by Brubaker with art by Zircher. In the storyline, Batman and Green Lantern track the "Made of Wood" serial killer, whose killing spree was cut short when he was sentenced to Arkham Asylum. Ex-Commissioner Gordon is also pursuing the killer, and he narrows the search down to the two men committed to Arkham in December 1948, the only living one hardly able to walk and ignorant of the killings. Gordon reaches the grandson of the other, who has taken up the "Made of Wood" killer's mantle.

In other media

Arkham has appeared beyond the pages of the comics in numerous guises and designs. Its appearances include:

Television

  • Arkham Asylum is mentioned by Barry Allen, who is secretly The Flash, in an episode of The Flash television series.
  • In Batman: The Animated Series, Arkham has appeared frequently in the series. It is depicted as generally dark and gloomy, and the cells are similar to those in the comics, being primarily closed via glass doors. Much of the rest of the asylum resembles a prison more than a mental hospital, as the episode "The Trial" explains that all insane criminals apprehended by the Batman are sent to Arkham rather than jail (although it is shown that the Penguin and Catwoman get sentenced to Blackgate, a regular jail, determining that they are sane and accountable for their crimes).
The alternate Arkham Asylum as it appeared on the Justice League episode A Better World, Part 2.
  • The TV show Justice League featured Arkham in a brief cameo during A Better World, Part 2 in an alternate dimension where a Fascist League has taken over the world and dispatches villains via execution or lobotomy. The asylum is run by a lobotomized version of the Joker, and staffed by other lobotomized batman villains, including Two-Face as the caretaker and Poison Ivy as the gardener, and is protected by robotic copies of Superman. The entire inmate population is lobotomized by the alternate Superman's heat vision (notably, Superman did not lobotomize the Ventriloquist, but instead did so to his doll, Scarface). The Joker, Two-Face and Poison Ivy are used in both Batman: The Animated Series and Justice League as the key inmates of the Asylum.
File:Arkham Asylum TB.jpg
Arkham Asylum as it appeared on The Batman.
  • Arkham Asylum appears in The Batman.[74] Like the original Arkham, several major villains end up in this institution, such as the Joker, Harley Quinn, the Riddler, Mr. Freeze, the Ventriloquist, Hugo Strange, Clayface and also the Penguin. Firefly goes to a regular prison, until becoming Doctor Phosphorus, who requires special chemical care.
    The staff is far more heavily armored than in its previous incarnation, wearing heavy trenchcoats and gloves, though inmates continue to escape easily. Much like in the Batman Forever tie-in game and Batman Begins, it is presented as being inside Gotham, though here it is presented as occupying a small island on a river, with a bridge connecting it to the city.

Films

  • Arkham Asylum was seen at the end of the film Batman Forever.[75] It is designed as a tall, spiraling castle-like structure, with narrow hallways lined with brightly-lit glass bricks. The Riddler is incarcerated in a large padded cell. The chief psychiatrist is named Doctor Burton, a reference to Tim Burton, who directed 1989's Batman and Batman Returns. There was originally a more in-depth sequence involving Two-Face escaping from Arkham at the beginning of the film, but it was cut.
  • In Batman & Robin,[76] Arkham Asylum appeared a number of times in this film. It first appears when Mr. Freeze is taken there midway through the film, and later at the end when he and Poison Ivy are shown as cell mates. This version is several dozen stories tall on an island several hundred feet above water which the villains jump into as an escape. Lightning also emits a bright green flash through the structure's windows. In addition, The Riddler and Two-Face's costumes from Batman Forever can be seen from its evidence room before Bane breaks out to collect Mr. Freeze's armor.
  • In Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, the final battle between the original Batman and the Joker taking place at an abandoned Arkham. It is also the same spot where Robin (brainwashed and disfigured into a younger version of the Joker) kills the Joker. A deleted scene (featured on both versions of the DVD as a special feature) has Bruce Wayne touring the abandoned Arkham, where Terry McGinnis (Wayne's successor as Dark Knight) follows and sees the Joker's corpse hanging. Both the film and the Batman Beyond episode "Splicer" suggesting that the facility has moved to a different location.
  • In Batman Begins,[77] Arkham plays a much larger role than a simple jail in this film, with Jonathan Crane (also known as the Scarecrow) being either the administrator or at least a high ranking doctor at the Asylum, and using it to conduct sadistic experiments with his fear gas, using his own patients as guinea pigs. He also uses the pipes under the Asylum to empty his toxin into the Gotham water supply. Though still on an island separate from Gotham City's mainland, it is surrounded by a slum region known as the Narrows, instead of the dense forestry of the comics. By the end of the film, it is implied that the Narrows has been rendered uninhabitable. Notably, Zsasz is shown as a high-ranking criminal being held in the asylum.
  • Arkham makes an appearance in the animated direct-to-DVD anthology film Batman: Gotham Knight (set in-between Batman Begins and The Dark Knight) within the segment "Crossfire". Expanding on Lt. James Gordon's line that "the Narrows is lost" at the end of Batman Begins, the film shows that the entire island has become Arkham Asylum's ground, with Narrows residents evacuated from the island after the inmates escaped from the facility. After the riot at the end of Batman Begins, the city apparently turned the entire island into high-tech facility prison/hospital in a few months after the incident, enclosed by guard towers, high fences, and the island's natural barrier to keep the inmates from escape. The Gotham City Police Department also sends officers to its drawbridges to make sure no one would cross - in or out - without permission.
  • Arkham is mentioned briefly by Harvey Dent, Batman, and Alfred in The Dark Knight when they reference Arkham patient Thomas Schiff, but beyond this instance the asylum is never seen or explored in the story.

Video games

  • Arkham is featured prominently in Batman: Dark Tomorrow. Three quarters of the way through the game, Batman must infiltrate Arkham Asylum through a secret sewer entrance.
  • Arkham Asylum is one of the levels of the video game counterpart to Batman Begins.
  • Batman: Arkham Asylum is a video game for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. It was developed by Rocksteady Studios and published by Eidos Interactive in conjunction with Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and DC Comics. The game takes place entirely on Arkham Island. The game's version of Arkham is similar to its description in Gotham Knight, consisting of individual large buildings in a spacious open air island, rather than a single compound. Its locations include Arkham East, Arkham West, Arkham North, Arkham Mansion, the Botanical Gardens, Intensive Treatment, Medical Facility, and Penitentiary. The island also features a network of subterranean catacombs, caverns, sewers, and a satellite Batcave which Batman had outfitted over the years in preparation for emergencies like the one he faces in the game. In the sequel Batman: Arkham City, Arkham has been relocated to the Gotham mainland as part of Quincy Sharpe's Arkham City project with neither Black Gate prison or Arkham Asylum in any condition to hold inmates.

Toys

Music

  • Ryan Adams has written a song named "Arkham Asylum" though it has not been released on any of his studio albums.
  • Common Market released a song entitled "Escaping Arkham" with lyrics referencing the federal bailout of banks. The song seems to reference the unfair treatment and withholding of taxpayers of their money to reimburse banking interests.
  • Sasha (DJ) produced a song titled "Arkham Asylum".

References

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  2. ^ a b Batman: The Man Who Laughs by Ed Brubaker/Doug Manke
  3. ^ Batman: No Man's Land Secret Files #1
  4. ^ Green Lantern (vol. 4) #27
  5. ^ Battle for the Cowl #1
  6. ^ Arkham Reborn #1-3 (October–December 2009)
  7. ^ Arkham Asylum: Living Hell. Vol 1. "Chapter 4: Tic Toc". October 2003.
  8. ^ Batman: Gotham after Midnight #1; July 2008
  9. ^ a b Batman Confidential #21
  10. ^ Detective Comics #782
  11. ^ Suicide Squad (vol. 1) #34
  12. ^ a b Showcase '94 #3
  13. ^ a b c d e Arkham Asylum: Living Hell
  14. ^ Batman #690
  15. ^ Batman: Shadow of the Bat #69
  16. ^ Justice League of America (vol. 2) #21
  17. ^ Batman and Robin #3
  18. ^ Detective Comics #840
  19. ^ a b Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #205
  20. ^ Batman #596
  21. ^ Batman #654
  22. ^ DC: The New Frontier
  23. ^ a b c Titans #28
  24. ^ Action Comics #560
  25. ^ a b c d Batman: Journey into Night #11
  26. ^ Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #38
  27. ^ Uuderworld Unleashed: Devil’s Asylum
  28. ^ JSA Secret Files #2
  29. ^ a b Batman: Journey into Knight 11
  30. ^ Batman: Journey into Knight #6
  31. ^ Wonder Woman (vol. 2) #35
  32. ^ Birds of Prey #37
  33. ^ Green Lantern (vol. 2) #117
  34. ^ Brave & Bold (vol. 1) #143
  35. ^ World's Finest #254
  36. ^ Justice League of America #175
  37. ^ Superman and Batman vs. Vampires and Werewolves #6
  38. ^ Animal Man #24
  39. ^ Detective Comics #838
  40. ^ World's Finest #247
  41. ^ a b Shadow of the Bat #1-4
  42. ^ Batman: Journey into Night
  43. ^ a b Detective Comics #635
  44. ^ Alan Moore's Swamp Thing stories; Swamp Thing (vol. 2) #52
  45. ^ World's Finest Year 3
  46. ^ Identity Crisis #7
  47. ^ Batman: Dreamland
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  49. ^ Suicide Squad #33
  50. ^ Batman: Arkham Asylum - Underworld Unleashed
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  53. ^ Batman: Widening Gyre by Kevin Smith
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  56. ^ Crisis on Infinite Earths
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78.^ Detective Comics #864

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