Redfield Proctor

Redfield Proctor
37th United States Secretary of War
In office March 5, 1889 – November 5, 1891
President	Benjamin Harrison
Preceded by	William C. Endicott
Succeeded by	Stephen B. Elkins
United States Senator
In office 1891–1907
Preceded by	George F. Edmunds
Succeeded by	John W. Stewart
Governor of Vermont
In office 1878–1880
Lieutenant	Eben R. Colton
Preceded by	Horace Fairbanks
Succeeded by	Roswell Farnham
Personal details
Born	(1831-06-01)June 1, 1831 Proctorsville, Vermont, U.S.
Died	March 4, 1908(1908-03-04) (aged 76) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Emily Jane Dutton
Alma mater	Dartmouth College
Profession	Lawyer, Politician
Military service
Branch/service	Union Army
Years of service	1861-1863
Rank	Colonel
Battles/wars	American Civil War

Redfield Proctor (June 1, 1831– March 4, 1908) was a U.S. politician of the Republican Party. He served as the 37th Governor of Vermont from 1878 to 1880, as Secretary of War from 1889 to 1891, and as a United States Senator for Vermont from 1891 to 1908.

Proctor was a native of Proctorsville (a village, named after his family, in the town of Cavendish) in Windsor County, Vermont. His father, Jabez Proctor, was a farmer, merchant, and prominent local Whig politician.

After graduating from Dartmouth College in 1851, Redfield Proctor returned to Proctorsville, where he became first a businessman, and later a lawyer. He married Emily Jane Dutton in 1858, and moved to Boston two years later. Of their five children, four survived: Arabella G., Fletcher D. , Redfield Jr., and Emily D. He was initiated into Delta Upsilon Fraternity as an honorary member by the Middlebury Chapter.

Upon the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 he returned to Vermont and enlisted in the 3d Vermont Regiment, was commissioned as lieutenant and quartermaster, and repaired to the front. In July of the same year he was appointed on the staff of General William F. ("Baldy") Smith, and in October was promoted and transferred to the 5th Vermont Volunteers, of which he was commissioned major. With this regiment he served nearly a year in the neighborhood of Washington and on the Peninsula. In October 1862, Major Proctor was promoted to the colonelcy of the 15th Vermont Volunteers, and participated in the Gettysburg Campaign, but was stationed in the rear and did not participate in the battle.

After being mustered out of military service in 1863, Proctor initially returned to practicing law, this time in Rutland, Vermont. He entered into law partnership with Wheelock G. Veazey. In 1869, he entered business again, taking a job as a manager in the Sutherland Falls Marble Company. In 1880, this company merged with another to become the Vermont Marble Company, over which Proctor served as president. Six years later, the area containing the company's marble quarries, locally known as Sutherland Falls, was split into a separate town, called Proctor.

During these years, Proctor began his political career. In 1866 he became a selectman of the town of Rutland. In 1867 he represented his town in the state Legislature, serving as chairman of the committee on elections of the lower House. Again a member of the House in 1868, he served as a member of the committee on ways and means. Elected to the state Senate in 1874, he was chosen president pro tempore of that body. In 1876 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of the state, and in 1878 was nominated by the Republicans and elected Governor of Vermont.

Proctor remained active in state politics after stepping down as governor. He was delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention in 1884, and also in 1888. In the latter year he was chairman of the Vermont delegation, and seconded the presidential nomination of Benjamin Harrison.

In 1888 the Vermont legislature unanimously recommended him for a cabinet position, and in March 1889, Harrison chose Proctor to be his Secretary of War. At the War Department, Proctor made a mark with his managerial skill and reforming zeal, with which he modernized the Army and improved the living conditions of enlisted soldiers.

Proctor left the War Department in November 1891 to become a United States Senator, filling a vacancy caused by resignation. As a Senator he served as chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee to Establish a University of the United States from 1891 to 1893. He remained a Senator for the rest of his life, and was an effective advocate in the Senate for high tariffs and the gold standard, as well as an influence on the military policies of the McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt administrations.

Proctor died in Washington, D.C..

Two of Proctor's children, Fletcher D. Proctor and Redfield Proctor, Jr., served as Governors of Vermont. Aaron Proctor is a distant relative.

References

• Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes. American National Biography, vol. 17, "Proctor, Redfield". New York : Oxford University Press, 1999.
• Jacob G. Ullery, compiler, Men of Vermont: An Illustrated Biographical History of Vermonters and Sons of Vermont , (Transcript Publishing Company, Brattleboro, VT, 1894), Part II, pp. 327.
• Bell, William Gardner (1992). "Redfield Proctor". Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 70-12. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• United States Congress. "Redfield Proctor (id: P000547)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-02-14

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